142 IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 20, NO.

3, MARCH 2010

CPW-Fed Dual-Mode Double-Square-Ring

Resonators for Quad-Band Filters
Ji-Chyun Liu, Member, IEEE, Jhih-Wei Wang, Bing-Hao Zeng, and Dau-Chyrh Chang, Fellow, IEEE

AbstractWe propose the improved CPW-fed configurations Whether the combined quarter-wavelength SIR or assembled
with dual-mode double-square-ring resonators (DMDSRR) for half-wavelength SIR was used, the impedance ratio computation
quad-band applications. The resonant frequency equations of and tuning the stub are needed [6][11]. On the other hand, in
DMDSRR are introduced for simply designing quad-band band-
pass filter (BPF). Resonant frequencies can be controlled by tuning [5], three closed-form equations related to the resonant frequen-
the perimeter ratio of the square rings. To obtain lower insertion cies of the tri-band were deduced for simple design. Similarly,
loss, higher out-of-band rejection level and wider bandwidth of in [1], two simple equations related to the perimeters of the con-
quad-band, the improved CPW-fed and dual-mode perturbations centric rings were approximated for the dual-band design.
are designed. The proposed filter is successfully simulated and Based on [1] and [5], this letter proposes a novel way with the
measured. It can be applied to 0.95, 1.26, 1.89 and 2.29 GHz
systems.
resonant frequency equations of the DMDSRR for simply de-
signing quad-band BPF. Tuning the perimeter ratios of the rings
Index TermsDouble square ring resonator (DSRR), dual- presents four controllable resonant frequencies. For excitation
mode, quad-band.
of DMDSRR, the filter is fed by an improved CPW-fed line. The
improved CPW-fed line consists of a twin-T feed line and the
I. INTRODUCTION branches with slits. In addition, by using novel voltage-coupling
and dual-mode perturbations, the novel dual-mode DMDSRR is
HE increasing demand for multi-band applications has re- proposed. The simulation and measurement results, including
T quired a single wireless transceiver to support multi-band
operations. The multi-band BPFs play an important role in a
frequency responses and quad-band versus perimeter ratio, are
presented to analyze the quad-band characteristic.
multi-band transceiver, such as dual-band [1], tri-band [2][10]
and quad-band [11] filters. II. FILTER CONFIGURATIONS AND BASIS
Recently, a new excitation for dual-mode double-square-ring
resonators (DMDSRR) with coplanar-waveguide (CPW) was The perimeters of the square rings are related to the guided
proposed for dual-band applications [1]. The square ring res- wavelength at corresponding resonant frequencies. Thus, the
onators with back-to-back and concentric configurations were resonant frequencies of the two resonators can be approximately
presented. Due to the effect of the CPW input/output structure, expressed as [12]
performance with low insertion loss and high out-of-band rejec-
tion level was achieved. In [2], the even/odd-mode method with (1)
equivalent circuit was proposed and designed with the split-ring
resonator (SRR) to obtain three controllable resonant frequen- (2)
cies. In [3], the coupling-matrix design for tri-band filter was
presented. In [4], the authors developed the frequency trans- (3)
formation for finding the locations of poles and zeros of spe-
cific tri-band filters. Moreover, various filters have been realized (4)
with the basic stepped impedance resonators (SIR) and their va-
riety to exhibit tri-band responses [5][10]. Using two SIRs,
where is the speed of light in free space, and denote the
quad-band characteristics was achieved [1].
side lengths of the two rings, and represents the effective
permittivity of the substrates.
The ring related to the larger side-length decides the res-
Manuscript received October 13, 2009; revised November 03, 2009. First
published January 26, 2010; current version published March 10, 2010. This onant frequencies and , and the ring related to the smaller
work was supported in part by the National Science Council under Contract side-length represents the resonant frequencies and
NSC 98-2221-E-231-001. shown in Fig. 1(a). The ring perimeters will be utilized to con-
J.-C. Liu and J.-W. Wang are with the Electrical Engineering Department,
Ching Yun University, Tao-yuan 32097, Taiwan (e-mail: jichyun@cyu.edu.tw). trol the center frequencies. It can be obtained from (1), (2), (3)
B.-H. Zeng is with the Communication Engineering Department, Yuan Ze and (4) as follows:
University, Tao-yuan 32003, Taiwan (e-mail: s958604@yzu.edu.tw).
D.-C. Chang is with the Communication Engineering Department, Yuan Ze
University, Tao-yuan 32003, Taiwan. He is also with the Orient Institute of Tech- (5)
nology, Taipei, Taiwan.
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this letter are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Based on (5), two perimeters can be properly selected to facili-
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LMWC.2010.2040211 tate the filter design.
1531-1309/$26.00 2010 IEEE

Authorized licensd use limted to: IE Xplore. Downlade on May 13,20 at 1:506 UTC from IE Xplore. Restricon aply.
LIU et al.: CPW-FED DUAL-MODE DOUBLE-SQUARE-RING RESONATORS 143

Fig. 2. Frequency responses.

Fig. 1. CPW-fed DMDSLR. (a) DMDSLR (b) twin-T CPW. TABLE I

RESULTS OF QUAD-BAND RESPONSES

Obviously, it is difficult to feed the square rings if the length

difference of the two side lengths is quite large. Therefore, the
CPW with parallel couplings is preferred. For dual-band re-
sponses, the square rings are fed by a twin-T CPW [1]. For ex-
citation of quad-band responses, the square rings are fed by an
improved twin-T CPW. The improved twin-T CPW consists of
a feed-line and the branches with the slits shown in Fig. 1(b).
The widths of the slits are expressed by and , and the
length is and . Transmission zeros can be obtained by
tuning , , and . The width of 50 line is given
by , and the spacing is given by . Impedance matching
can be improved by adjusting and . Physical dimensions
are stated: (a) DMDSLR with , , responses are listed in Table I. The lower insertion loss and
, , , higher out-of-band rejection level and wider band of the re-
, and . (b) twin-T CPW configuration sponses are obtained and it is suitable for quad-band applica-
with , , , tions. Calculation by (1) to (4), the tolerances (less than 10%)
, , , , related to the measurements are also listed. The resonated fre-
, , , quencies shift down slightly due to the perturbation effects.
, , , ,
, and . B. Quad-Band Versus Perimeter Ratio
Quad-band tuning versus perimeter ratio is presented
III. SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS in Fig. 3. The perimeter ratio can be represented with the
The simulations for dual-mode DMDSRR are achieved with side-length ratio . When is fixed and the values
IE3D [13]. The Roger-3003 substrate with dielectric constant of increases as , both resonance frequencies
, loss tangent and thickness and bandwidth of the bands I and III move slightly and the
is used. For the 50 line, the width is 4.0 mm, length is bands II and IV increase gradually. Thus, it is the available
16.7 mm, effective dielectric constant and guided range for design. Consequently, the configuration with
wavelength , 150 mm, 98 mm and 75 mm for is adopted for implementation. Due to the resonance split of two
the frequencies , 1.26 GHz, 1.89 GHz and degenerate modes, shown in spectrum, the bandwidth of the
2.29 GHz, respectively. quad-band presents. However, both bands I and II belong to the
fundamental resonances, related to the longer wavelength, thus
A. Frequency Responses express narrower bandwidth for a certain perturbation. In con-
The proposed quad-band BPF is simulated and measured with trast, both bands III and IV are the harmonic resonances, related
and frequency responses in Fig. 2. Clearly, both the sim- to the shorter wavelength, can provide wider bandwidth for
ulated and measured results have good agreement. The dual- the certain perturbation. In addition, the even mode resonance
mode behaviors are presented in each band. All the quad-band splits more frequency than the odd mode resonance. It reduces

Authorized licensd use limted to: IE Xplore. Downlade on May 13,20 at 1:506 UTC from IE Xplore. Restricon aply.
144 IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 20, NO. 3, MARCH 2010

IV. CONCLUSION
The CPW-fed DMDSRR and the resonant frequency equa-
tions for quad-band BPF propose a viable alternative to cur-
rent multi-band filter design techniques. Based on the inherent
high-Q characteristics of the ring resonators, it is found that the
CPW-fed DMDSRR filter can successfully present good quad-
band pass-band performance, high stop-band rejection and deep
transmission zeros between pass-bands. The resonant frequency
equations are available and useful for simply designing quad-
band BPF. Tuning the perimeter ratios of the rings provides
four controllable resonant frequencies. Transmission zeros can
be obtained by tuning the slits in the branch of the twin-T CPW.
It can be applied to 0.95, 1.26, 1.89, and 2.29 GHz systems.
REFERENCES
[1] X. Y. Zhang and Q. Xue, Novel dual-mode dual-band filters using
coplanar-waveguide-fed ring resonators, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory
Fig. 3. Resonated frequencies and bandwidth of quad-band versus perimeter Tech., vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 21832190, Oct. 2007.
ratio. [2] H. Zhao and T. J. Cui, Novel triple-mode resonators using split-ring
resonator, Microw. Opt Technol Lett., vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 29182922,
May 2007.
[3] M. Mokhtaari, J. Bomemana, K. Rambabu, and S. Amari, Coupling
matrix design of dual and triple passband filters, IEEE Trans. Microw.
Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 39403945, Nov. 2006.
[4] J. Lee and K. Sarabandi, Design of triple-passband microwave filters
using frequency transformations, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.,
vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 187193, Jan. 2008.
[5] F. C. Chen, Q. X. Chu, and Z. H. Tu, Tri-band bandpass filter using
stub loaded resonators, Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 747749,
Jun. 2008.
[6] C. F. Chen, T. Y. Huang, and R. B. Wu, Design of dual- and
triple-passband filters using alternately cascaded multiband res-
onators, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 9, pp.
35503558, Sep. 2006.
[7] C. H. Lee, C. I. G. Hsu, and H. K. Jhuang, Design of a new tri-band
microstrip BPF using combined quarter-wavelength SIRs, IEEE Mi-
crow. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 594596, Nov. 2006.
[8] Q. X. Chu and X. M. Lin, Advanced triple-band bandpass filter using
tri-section SIR, Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 295296, Feb. 2008.
Fig. 4. Photography of the proposed quad-band filters. [9] C. I. G. Hsu, C. H. Lee, and Y. H. Hsieh, Tri-band bandpass filter with
sharp passband skirts designed using tri-section SIRs, IEEE Trans Mi-
crow. Theory Tech., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1921, Jan. 2008.
[10] F. C. Chen and Q. X. Chu, Design of compact tri-band bandpass filters
the increasing of the resonance frequencies. Furthermore, the using assembled resonators, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol.,
vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 165171, Jan. 2009.
increase more frequencies and bandwidth are in bands III and [11] C. I. G. Hsu, C. H. Lee, and H. K. Jhuang, Design of a novel quad-
IV when . It is evident that bands III and IV band microstrip BPF using quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance res-
will overlap if , and tri-band response is presented. onators, Microw. J., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 102112, Feb. 2007.
[12] K. Chang and L. H. Hsieh, Microwave Ring Circuits and Related Struc-
Fig. 4 presents the photograph of the proposed quad-band tures. , NJ: Wiley, 2004.
filters. [13] IE3D Version 10.0. Zeland Software, Inc., Jan. 2005.

Authorized licensd use limted to: IE Xplore. Downlade on May 13,20 at 1:506 UTC from IE Xplore. Restricon aply.