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Ajay Juneja

Indirect Anteriors - Bleaching - Cases - Shadeguides

Ceramic Veneers: Tooth Preparation for Enamel Preservation

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The rationale of having minimal preparation and having ceramic veneers cemented to
enamel in order for the most predicable bonding is well documented. It is also seen
that still a lot of practitioners world wide prepare the tooth with the tooth as
the starting point. There is a significant benefit in bleaching which one must not
ignore as well.
The fundamentals of minimal and step by step tooth preparation are highlighted
keeping in mind the preservation of the tooth tissues is presented following
contemporary protocols into consideration.

Diastemas were present in upper anteriors in a healthy adult patient. The Canines
are in Class 1 and healthy periodontium was seen. The patient wants the diastemas
to be closed and also for the teeth to appear brighter. Impressions are made and
diagnostic photographs taken. A face bow record is done and sent to the laboratory
with instructions given for a wax up with four indirect ceramic veneers as the
desired treatment out come.
Occlusal View of the initial situation
The patient is given home bleaching as for two weeks with 10% Carbamide Peroxide to
be carried out for 2 hours a day. This makes the tooth shade lighter. For every
colour change desired one needs 0.2mm of ceramic. If the right protocols are
followed the teeth can be lightened needing less tooth preparation for the final
result there by preserving tooth tissue.
A mock up is done using a Silicone Index that is made from the Wax Up Models using
Temporary crown and Bridge Material( Protemp 4, 3M Espe). This is adjusted and it
is ensured that it has the same measurements as that of the wax up model. If this
is not insured then it can lead to a discrepancy in the final tooth preparation.
The clinical situation is judged and records are made to ensure that the final
outcome. If there are any alterations to shape and size they can be done at this
point in time and can also be recorded again to communicate with the patient and
also the laboratory.
There are different designs for finish lines on the incisal edge, but the most
conservative and predictable for the restoration is the butt joint. Incisal
reduction should be 1.5mm of the mock up. To ensure no undercuts the incisal edge
is reduced at an obtuse angle to the long axis of the tooth. The reduction should
be done with a goal that the veneer will be cemented horizontally and not
vertically as a crown is.
A depth cutting diamond is used to ensure reduction no more then 0.5mm in any plane
on the mock up. Either the whole mock up can be coloured as shown or after the
initial depth grooves, the bottom of these grooves can be coloured for contrast
with a pencil.
In the Middle of the tooth as in the incisal plane the initial reduction is kept to
0.5mm of the mock up.
Then the diamond is moved in the same way to the cervical 1/3rds of the tooth. On
the side of caution this reduction should be no more then 0.2mm as the enamel is
very thin in the cervical area. in stead of a depth cutting diamond drill like the
one shown a round diamond could be used for this area.
The initial reduction is ensured in 3 planes and then these are all joined together
through the mock up. In ensuring that one does through the mock up, in places/
areas where there is addition required the enamel is preserved using this method.
Use preparation guides to ensure adequate reduction for ceramic and modify
accordingly.
Use preparation guides to ensure adequate reduction for ceramic and modify
accordingly.
Finish lines are placed supragingivally or equigingivally. In case one is closing
diastemas the interproximal finish lines are created palatal to the interproximal
contact zones.
Finish lines are placed supragingivally or equigingivally. In case one is closing
diastemas the interproximal finish lines are created palatal to the interproximal
contact zones.
Ensure smooth finish lines and surfaces, using 40 micron diamond abrasives on high
torque/ reduction hand piece, followed by polishing disks( Soflex, 3M Espe) and
polishing rubbers used for composite resin restorations. A smooth surface ensures
less stress under the veneer and also a more uniform film thickness of cement. This
also leads to better adhesion. Double retraction was used for gingival tissue
management. Then a Polyether Silicone Impression( Impregum, 3M Espe) was used to
make the final impression. Then temporary veneers( Protemp 4, 3M Espe) were made
using the silicone index that was used to fabricate the mock up. Its adjusted and
polished. The impressions and all relevant models with the appropriate work sheet
was sent to the laboratory. Four Feldspathic Ceramic Veneers were fabricated and
received in the office after a few days. The veneers were tried after removing the
temporaries and then prepared for bonding.
A rubber dam was placed for adequate isolation. Teflon tape was placed mesial to
the canines for them not to get etched. Floss Ties were placed above the finish
lines to ensure proper placement of the veneers. The surface of the prepared tooth
is cleaned of any resin that might have been left before as a result of the
temporary veneers.
32 % Phosphoric Acid(Scothbond, 3M Espe) is applied to the teeth for 20 to 30
seconds in case the surface is enamel. It is then rinsed off and the teeth are
dried with a high vacuum suction.
Bonding agent( Single Bond, 3M Espe) was applied to the teeth according to the
manufactures instructions . After the multiple coat application, the solvent in the
bonding agent is eliminated blowing on the bonding agent. Do not polymerize the
bonding agent.
Four Feldspathic ceramic veneers fabricated using the refractory die technique,
cemented with light cure resin cement(RelyX Veneer Cement, 3M Espe). The excess
cement was cleaned using the appropriate protocols. This ensured a successful
esthetic outcome and preservation of the tooth tissues.
Conclusions
Careful treatment planning, Bleaching teeth before doing ceramic veneers and then
preparing through the mock up following the contour of the teeth will result is the
best bonding between ceramic and the tooth tissues.

Bibliography
1)Baratieri LN et al (eds) (1998) Direct Adhesive Restorations on Fractured
Anterior Teeth. Chicago: Quintessence
2) Belser UC, Magne P, Magne M (1997) Ceramic laminate veneers: Continuous
evolution of indications. J Esthet Dent; 9: 197-207
3) Chiche GJ, Pinault A (1994) Esthetics of Anterior Fixed
Prosthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence
4) Garber DA (1993) Porcelain laminate veneers: 10 years later.
Part 1. Tooth preparation. J Esthet Dent; 5: 56-62
5) Garber DA, Goldstein RE, Feinman RA (1998) Porcelain laminate veneers. Chicago:
Quintessence
6) Gurel G (2003a) The Science and Art of Porcelain Laminate
Veneers. Chicago: Quintessence
7) Gurel G (2003b) Predictable, precise and repeatable
preparation for porcelain laminate veneers. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent; 15(1):17-24
8) Gurel G (2003c) Predictable tooth preparation for porcelain laminate veneers in
complicated cases. Quint Dent Tech; 26:99-111
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