COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 1 2011 / 2012

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Hons)

Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Hons)

SUBJECT CODE : EECB353

SUBJECT : Communication Systems

DATE : August 2011

TIME : (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions in NINE (9) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.
3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.
4. Write answer to each question on a new page.
5. Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 9 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS

COVER PAGE.

Page 1 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

QUESTION 1 [30 marks]

a) Figure 1 shows a process of digitization. The analog input with V pp = 2 V is

converted to a digital signal using Pulse Code Modulation with sampling interval of
Ts = 250 sec and uniformly quantized using a three-bit sign magnitude. The output
binary data is encoded using RZ-AMI signaling technique.

Analog Output
Sampler Quantizer Encoder
input (RZ-AMI)

Figure 1: Process of Digitization

(i) What is the actual sampling rate of the sampler?

[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the actual transmission bit rate in bits per second, bps.
[1 mark]
(iii) Specify the number of quantization level needed to encode the signal.
[1 mark]
(iv) What is the resolution achieved?
[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the maximum quantization error.
[1 mark]
(vi) List all the quantization range and their representative PCM codes to each
region.
[3 marks]
(vii) Based on the output RZ-AMI shown below, draw the actual analog input
of the system.
[3 marks]

0 1ms
Page 2 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

(viii) The maximum quantization error is to be reduced by 50%. How many bits
per sample are needed to achieve this?
[2 marks]
(ix) Draw the output waveform of the process using bipolar Non-Return to
Zero, NRZ signaling technique.
[1 mark]

b) Figure 2 shows an analog signal which is to be converted to digital signal using three
type of Pulse Modulation. Draw the output based on:

Modulating Signal

Sample Pulse

Figure 2: Waveform of Analog Signal and Sample Pulse

(i) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).

[2 marks]
(ii) Pulse Position Modulation (PPM).
[2 marks]
(iii) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM).
[2 marks]

Page 3 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

c) Table 1 shows the voltage for VIN and its VOUT of a compressor with - Law
characteristics. Calculate:

VIN VOUT
12 V 12 V
2V 4V
0.25 V 1V
0.01 V 0.1 V

Table 1

(i) The compression in dB.

[2 marks]
(ii) The compressed voltage gain for each VIN.
[2 marks]
(iii) How many bits are required to transmit the signal?
[2 marks]
(iv) What is the overall gain for this companding circuit?
[2 marks]
(v) A new compressor output is desired with all values of VOUT = VIN. Find
the value of parameter use in the circuit.
[2 marks]

Page 4 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

QUESTION 2 [15 marks]

A carrier is modulated by a binary data sequence in unipolar form using Binary

Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). The data rate is 10 Mbps and the carrier oscillator
frequency is 40 MHz. A schematic diagram of the transmitter is shown below.

101101

Binary data Binary PSK wave

sequence in
unipolar form
(10 Mbps)
sin (2fct)

Figure 3: BPSK Transmitter

(i) Complete the transmitter scheme.

[3 marks]
(ii) Sketch the waveform of the input signal and modulated signal at the
original carrier frequency. State your assumption.
[4 marks]
(iii) What is the symbol rate of the BPSK signal?
[1 mark]
(iv) Prove that the minimum Nyquist bandwidth is 10 MHz.
[3 marks]
(v) Determine the bandwidth efficiency.
[1 mark]
(vi) Suggest a method to increase the data rate while keeping the same
minimum bandwidth. Prove your answer with calculation.
[3 marks]

Page 5 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

QUESTION 3 [25 marks]

(a) A FDM system employing DSBSC accommodates the frequency range of 1000
kHz until 1045 kHz. Each input message signal is band limited to 4 kHz and the
carrier frequency of the first modulator is set to 1004 kHz. Assume 1 kHz guard
band exists between the adjacent channel:

(i) Determine the maximum number of channels that can be supported by the
FDM system.
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw the FDM circuit showing all the local oscillator frequencies and
their respective output frequency range.
[5 marks]

(b) Design a TDM system that accommodates one 9600 bps synchronous digital input
(channel 1) and 2 analog inputs with bandwidth of xHz (channel 2) and 2xHz
(channel 3). The analog inputs are sampled at 1.201 times than the Nyquist rate,
quantized and binary coded using 64 levels. All input are multiplexed together
producing a total output of 24 kbps.

(i) Determine the bandwidth for each analog channel maximum analog input
frequency.
[5 marks]
(ii) Calculate the individual bit rate of the analog channels.
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw a block diagram of your design and indicate the data rate at various
points on your diagram.
[4 marks]

Page 6 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

(c) Consider a CDMA system that consists of 3 users (A, B and C) that can transmit
their data simultaneously by utilizing the spreading codes as assigned below :

+1
Channel A
-1

+1
Channel B
-1

+1
Channel C
-1

(i) Determine the transmitted signal if channel A is sending 1, channel B is

sending 0 and channel C is silent.
[4 marks]
(ii) Prove that all the spreading codes are orthogonal to each other.
[3 marks]

Page 7 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

QUESTION 4 [20 marks]

(a) Explain the difference between frequency-hopping and direct-sequence spread-

spectrum systems. Which of these is used with the CDMA personal
communication system?
[4 marks]

(b) Figure below shows the waveforms of DSSS signal, output binary data and the
DSSS receiver. The receiver received the DSSS signal at a rate of 3000 bps and
has output binary data with bit duration of 1 ms.

Figure 4: DSSS Receiver

(i) What type of demodulator is used in this system? Explain your answer.

[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the spreader chip duration and processing gain.

[2 marks]

(iii) Draw the frequency spectrum of DSSS signal. Label all the frequencies.

[3 marks]

(iv) Determine the spreading code sequence. State assumption used.

[4 marks]

Page 8 of 9
 EECB353, Semester I 2011/2012

(c) Consider a FHSS system with 4-FSK that transmits two frequency hops per
symbol. The system uses a 4-bit PN sequence with the bit rate of 64 bps and the
individual channel bandwidth is 100 kHz, answer the following questions:

(i) Determine the total bandwidth for FHSS.

[1 mark]
(ii) What is the time needed to finish a complete cycle of PN sequence?
[2 marks]
(iii) Determine the type of FHSS used and explain your answer.
[2 marks]

QUESTION 5 [10 marks]

The following message is to be transmitted using a Huffman binary code.

BE THE BEST

(a) Determine the probability of each character.

[3 marks]
(b) Construct the Huffman code tree and obtain the code for each character.
[5 marks]
(c ) Decode the following binary code 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 using the
Huffman code determined in (b).
[2 marks]

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

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