COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 2 2009 / 2010

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Honours)

Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Honours)

SUBJECT CODE : EECB353/EEEB453

SUBJECT : Communication Systems

DATE : 22 March 2010

TIME : 2.30 pm 5.30 pm (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions in TEN (10) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.
3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.
4. Write answer to each question on a new page.
5. Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 10 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS

COVER PAGE.

Page 1 of 10
QUESTION 1 [30 marks]

(a) An audio signal is sampled at a rate of 15.6 kHz which is 20% above the Nyquist
sampling rate. The maximum tolerable error in sample amplitude is 0.2% of the
peak signal amplitude of 6V. Calculate

(i) The minimum sampling frequency.

[2 marks]
(ii) The maximum input signal frequency.
[1 mark]
(iii) The maximum quantization error.
[1 mark]
(iv) The resolution step.
[1 mark]
(v) Quantization level.
[1 mark]
(vi) The transmission bit rate.
[1 mark]
(vii) The minimum bandwidth.
[1 mark]
(viii) The SNR in dB for this signal.
[1 mark]

(b) Figure 1 shows a sampled voice signal that ranges from 300 Hz to 3400 Hz to be
transmitted through the telephone line. Given the number of quantization level is
16 and the sampled signal ranged between -16 V to +16 V. Determine the
encoded word for each samples. Show all your workings.
[9 marks]

Page 2 of 10
 Amplitude (V)
15.4
13.8

9.6
7.3
4.6

Time

- 4.6

-10.4
-14.6
Figure 1: Sampled voice signal

(c) For a baseband channel of 1MHz bandwidth, what is the data rate for this channel
if one of the following line coding scheme is used?

(i) Bipolar Non Return to Zero-Level

[1 mark]
(ii) Bipolar Return to Zero - Alternate Mark Inversion (BPRZ-AMI)
[1 mark]
Which coding provides a poor performance in terms of clock synchronization?
Justify your answer.

[2 marks]

(d) Find the 8-bit data stream in Figure 2 for each case below:

(i) Manchester code

[2 marks]
(ii) Differential Manchester code
[2 marks]

Page 3 of 10
 Time

Figure 2

(e) The analog waveform shown in Figure 3 is to be delta modulated. The sampling
period and the step size are indicated by the grid of the figure.

(i) Determine the binary sequence of the modulator output.

[2 marks]
(ii) Draw the timing diagram for the binary sequence in part (i) using BPRZ-
AMI.
[2 marks]

Figure 3: Analog signal

Page 4 of 10
QUESTION 2 [15 marks]

Each waveform in Figure 4 is transmitting data at a rate of 100,000 bits/sec. For each
waveform, determine

volts A

Waveform X 0

-A
10 20 30 40 50 60 sec

A
volts

Waveform Y 0

-A
10 20 30 40 50 60 sec

A
Waveform Z
volts

-A
10 20 30 40 50 60 sec

Figure 4: Bandpass signals

(a) The modulation technique

[3 marks]
(b) f, where applicable
[3 marks]
(c) The carrier frequency
[3 marks]
(d) The original binary data sequence. Indicate the assumptions used.
[6 marks]

Page 5 of 10
QUESTION 3 [25 marks]

(a) A 1 MHz band has to be shared by 100 stations.

(i) How much bandwidth each station will get with FDM technique?
[2 marks]
(ii) If CDMA technique is used, what is the bandwidth each station will get?
[2 marks]

(b) A voice conversation can be encoded and sent using a 64,000 bps voice channel.
A T1 carrier is a 1.544 Mbps line that uses Time division Multiplexing (TDM) to
carry several phone (voice) conversations on a single high-speed line. Each voice
channel gets 8 bits per T1 frame. In addition, each frame contains a single bit that
is used for frame synchronization. The T1 frame is shown in Figure 5.

1 bit 8 bits 8 bits ... 8 bits

Synch N voice channels
bit
Figure 5: T1 frame

(i) List the comparison between TDM and FDM?

[2 marks]
(ii) How many voice channels can be multiplexed onto a single T1 carrier?
[6 marks]
(iii) Determine minimum sampling rate if the analog signal frequency range is
5 Hz to 3 kHz.
[2 marks]

Page 6 of 10
(c) Consider a CDMA system consisting of four stations, A, B, C, and D with the
following chip sequences for each station:
A: 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
B: 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
C: 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
D: 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

A CDMA receiver gets the following chips: ( -2 0 0 0 +2 +2 0 -2).

(i) Prove that bipolar chip sequence A and B are orthogonal.

[2 marks]
(ii) Did stations A and C transmit? If so, what bits where transmitted by A and
C?
[4 marks]
(iii) If station D transmits 0 and other stations remain in their original
condition, what is the resulting chip sequence?
[5 marks]

Page 7 of 10
QUESTION 4 [20 marks]

(a) A frequency hopped spread spectrum transmitter is using four-level frequency

shift keying, FSK to transmit at a rate of 100,000 symbols/sec. Let f = 10 MHz,
and let fc - 3f, fc - f, fc + f and fc + 3f be used to transmit the binary pairs 00,
01, 10 and 11 respectively. The eight different possible carrier frequencies are
given by Table 1. If the hopping occurs once every 20 microseconds and the
pseudo-random code has generated the random hopping sequence of {f2 f6 f7 f1 f3
f8 f4 f5 f7 f3 .}

Carrier Frequency ( MHz)

f1 270
f2 350
f3 430
f4 510
f5 590
f6 670
f7 750
f8 830

Table 1: Frequency table

(i) What is the bit rate?

[2 marks]
(ii) Is this a fast or of frequency hopping? Give reason.
[2 marks]
(iii) What are the transmitted frequencies if data to be transmitted is
1001001110.
[6 marks]

Page 8 of 10
(b) Consider a direct sequence spread spectrum system. The source outputs the
information sequence 01101 at a rate of 1000 bits/sec. The spreader is clocked
at four times the information rate and uses the spreading code
10101000010010101110.

(i) Determine the information bit duration.

[1 mark]
(ii) What is the transmission bit rate?
[3 marks]
(iii) Determine the transmitted bit sequence if XOR is used to spread the code.
[3 marks]
(iv) Show that if the transmitted bit sequence is despread at the receiver using
the same spreading code, the output is 01101.
[3 marks]

Page 9 of 10
QUESTION 5 [10 marks]

An alphabet contains the five symbols {A, B, C, D, E}, which appear with probabilities

1 1 1 1 1
p ( A) p( B) p (C ) p ( D) p( E )
2 8 8 8 8

(a) Design a binary Huffman code for this alphabet and obtain the code for each
symbol.

[5 marks]

(b) Find the entropy of the source.

[2 marks]

(c) Find its average word length.

[1 mark]

(d) Find the efficiency and redundancy.

[2 marks]

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

Page 10 of 10