KOLEJ KEJURUTERAAN

SEMESTER KEDUA
TAHUN AKADEMIK 2007/2008

FINAL EXAMINATION

PROGRAM : SARJANA MUDA KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

PROGRAM

MATAPELAJARAN : COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SUBJECT

KOD MATAPELAJARAN : EEEB453 & EECB353

SUBJECT CODE

TARIKH : MARCH 2008

DATE

MASA : 3 HOURS
TIME

Arahan kepada calon:

1. Sila tulis nombor pelajar, seksyen dan nombor meja pada kertas jawapan.
2. Terdapat LIMA soalan. Jawab SEMUA soalan.
3. Dilarang membawa bahan yang tidak dibenarkan semasa peperiksaan.

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIARAH BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN

Instructions to candidates:
1. Please write your student ID, section and table number on the answer script.
2. There are FIVE questions. Answer ALL questions.
3. Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

KERTAS SOALAN INI MENGANDUNGI 7 MUKA SURAT BERCETAK TERMASUK

MUKA SURAT INI.

INCLUDING THIS PAGE, THERE ARE 7 PRINTED PAGES IN THIS EXAMINATION PAPER.
 EEEB453 & EECB353 Communication System
Semester 2, 2007/2008

QUESTION 1 [30 MARKS]

a) A baseband audio signal, with the frequency spectrum in the range of 100 Hz16 kHz has
been applied to a low pass filter with a bandwidth of 15 kHz. The signal is to be converted
to a digital signal using pulse-code modulation (uniform quantization). The signal is
sampled at 33% higher than the Nyquist sampling rate and a signal to noise ratio greater
than 55 dB is specified. Determine:

i) The minimum number of bits required to encode each sample

[1 mark]
ii) The Actual number of bits used
[1 mark]
iii) The maximum frequency of information signal after low pass filter
[1 mark]
iv) Actual sampling rate
[1 mark]
v) Actual transmission bit rate in bits per second, bps
[1 mark]
vi) Minimum bandwidth required based on part (v)
[1 mark]
vii) Number of quantization level required based on minimum signal to noise ratio
[1 mark]
viii) Code efficiency
[1 mark]
ix) Dynamic range in dB
[2 marks]
x) Actual Signal-to-quantization error in dB
[2 marks]

b) The -Law compression equation is shown below:

Vmax ln(1 Vin Vmax )
Vout
ln(1 )

For a compressor with = 255, and the maximum voltage of 8V, determine

i) The voltage gain for Vin = Vmax, Vin = 0.8 Vmax, Vin = 0.5 Vmax and Vin = 0.2 Vmax
[4 marks]
ii) The compressed output voltage for each of the input voltage
[2 marks]
iii) Input and output dynamic range and compression
[4 marks]
iv) Find the expanded voltage gain
[2 marks]

(c) Define slope overload and granular noise? [2 marks]

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 EEEB453 & EECB353 Communication System
Semester 2, 2007/2008

SID:
QUESTION 1 [30 marks] (continued)

d) Pulse code modulation is the most common pulse modulation technique. Briefly describe
two other pulse modulation techniques. Then, for the given input signal and sampling pulse
in Figure 1, draw the output waveforms for these two techniques. (Detach this page and
attach to your answer script.) [4 marks]

2V

-1.5V
-3V

Figure 1

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 EEEB453 & EECB353 Communication System
Semester 2, 2007/2008

QUESTION 2 [20 MARKS]

a) A signal m1(t) is band limited to 4.8 kHz and three other signals, m2(t), m3(t) and m4(t) are
band limited to 1.6 kHz. These signals are to be transmitted by means of time-division
multiplexing.

i) Find the individual Nyquist sampling rate.

[2 marks]
ii) Using only one commutator, set up a multiplexing scheme for these signals. Label your
diagram fully.
[2 marks]
iii) What is the commutator frequency in rotations per second?
[2 marks]
iv) What must be the speed of the commutator in samples per second?
[2 marks]
v) If the commutator output is quantized with L = 1024 and the result is binary coded,
what is the output bit rate?
[2 marks]

b) Total bandwidth of 216 kHz is allocated to your company. As an engineer in this company,
you are asked to design a frequency-division multiplex system using single-sideband
suppressed carrier technique where the upper sideband is suppressed. The frequency of the
maximum original input signal is 5.5 kHz while the guard band frequency allowed is 0.5
kHz. You need to apply the general rule of 12 channels per basic groups.

i) What is the bandwidth needed to transmit one channel?

[1 mark]
ii) What is the bandwidth needed for one basic group?
[1 mark]
iii) How many basic groups are required here?
[2 marks]
iv) Draw the frequency spectrum of your multiplexed system if the first subcarrier
frequency is at 50 kHz. Indicate in your spectrum each basic group and their
bandwidths. [4 marks]

c) Guard bands are commonly used in Frequency Division Multiplexing. What is a guard band
and what is its purpose? [2 marks]

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 EEEB453 & EECB353 Communication System
Semester 2, 2007/2008

QUESTION 3 [20 MARKS]

Modulated
Binary data
Modulator output
source

sin ct

Baseband
signal
generator

Figure 2

When the sequence S =1011100011010001 with data rate of 10 Mbps was applied to the input of
the modulator in Figure 2, the output was found to be 101010100000111.

a) Draw the modulated waveform when a BPSK modulator is used in Figure 2.

[2 marks]
b) Determine the baud and minimum bandwidth necessary to pass the signal using BPSK
technique.
[4 marks]
c) If QPSK modulator is used to replace BPSK modulator, draw the modulated waveform
and determine the minimum bandwidth requirement to pass the signal. State all
assumptions used.
[6 marks]
The binary data source is being encoded prior to being modulated.

d) Draw the timing diagram for the input bit stream using BPRZ and BPRZ-AMI encoding.
What is the advantage of using BPRZ-AMI encoding to BPRZ encoding.
[4 marks]
e) Briefly explain return-to-zero (RZ) and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) transmission and
contrast the bandwidth considerations of return-to-zero (RZ) and nonreturn-to-zero
(NRZ) transmission.
[4 marks]

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 EEEB453 & EECB353 Communication System
Semester 2, 2007/2008

QUESTION 4 [20 MARKS]

Spread spectrum technique is becoming the technology of choice in many wireless

applications because of its resistance to jamming and interference from noise. There are two
primary techniques of spread spectrum signals, the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
and the frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). Figure 3 shows the input data and PN
code sequence used to generate spread spectrum signal. Answer the following questions.

Input
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
data

Ts
PN
sequence
T
Figure 3

a) Define chip rate, bit rate and processing gain. Give the relationship between these
parameters.
[4 marks]
b) If the time for one signalling element is T = 0.02 ms, determine the chip rate, bit rate and
processing gain.
[3 marks]
c) Determine the output signal if direct sequence spread spectrum technique is employed in
the wireless system and specify how you encode the data.
[3 marks]
d) Draw the frequency hopping diagram if frequency hopping spread spectrum is employed
in the wireless system.
[6 marks]
e) Identify what type of frequency hopping spread spectrum is used and explain your
answer.
[4 marks]

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 EEEB453 & EECB353 Communication System
Semester 2, 2007/2008

QUESTION 5 [10 MARKS]

A discrete memory source has four symbols x1, x2, x3, and x4, with their respective probability of
occurrences listed here:
P(x1) = 1/4, P(x2) = 1/2, P(x3) = 1/8, and P(x4) = 1/8.

a) Determine the Huffman Code for each of these sources.

[5 marks]
b) Prove that the code efficiency is 100%
[5 marks]

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