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HOME DIY PROJECTS RFID SECURITY ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

RFID Security Access Control System using 8051

Microcontroller
AUGUST 30, 2017 BY ANUSHA 2 COMMENTS

Contents [hide]

1 Construction and Output Video

2 Circuit Principle
3 Circuit Diagram
4 Components
5 RFID Description
6 Circuit Design
7 How RFID Security Access Control System Works?
8 DOWNLOAD PROJECT CODE
9 Advantages and Applications
10 Limitations
11 Related Articles

RFID Security Access Control System using 8051 Microcontroller is an RFID Technology based
security system. Using this system, authorization of personnel is carried out with an RFID card
and only those with access can enter a secured area.

The security of any organisation is a priority for the authorities. The security concern is for the
physical property and also for the intellectual property.

For this reason automatic identification and access control system has become necessary to
overcome the security threats faced by many organisations.

This project deals with an interesting manner of security access control with the help of RFID
Technology, where only people with valid cards are allowed to access the door or any secure
area.

Construction and Output Video

Circuit Principle
The principle of operation of this project is based on the working of the RFID Circuit.

A Passive type RFID Card is used in this project. When this card is placed near the RFID Reader
Module, the antenna coil in the Reader energies the coil in the RFID card through mutual
induction. As a result, the microchip in the reader also gets enough power to turn it on.

Now the coil in the reader acts as an antenna and transfers the data in the microchip to the
reader module through radio communication.

The reader module, then communicates with the microcontroller through UART protocol to
transfer the data received from the card.

Circuit Diagram

Components

REQUIRED COMPONENTS
 AT89C51 Microcontroller
AT89C51 Programming Board
11.0592 MHz Quartz Crystal
2 x 33pF Ceramic Capacitors
2 x 10K Resistor
10F Electrolytic Capacitor
Push Button
16 x 2 LCD Display
3 x 1K Resistor
10K POT
EM-18 RFID Reader Module
L293D Motor Driver IC
Motor
Connecting Wires

Pro: Here is detailed course along with downloadable code:RFID Security Access
Control System using 8051 Microcontroller

RFID Description
Radio Frequency Identification or simply RFID is a wireless technology generally used for
automatic identification and data collection.

RFID technology is used for accessing data from a uniquely identify RFID card or tag by
combining the radio frequency and microchip technologies i.e. the data is retrieved or stored
into the RFID cards without making any physical contact.

With the help of RFID technology we can create smart systems that can be used personnel
identification, product monitoring, individual or organisation security, transportation,
maintenance of inventory and supply chain tracking.

RFID systems usually comprises of three components: an RFID Card, an RFID Reader Module
and a host device.

RFID Card or Tag consists of the data in the embedded microchip. RFID Reader is used to read
the data from the RFID Card and transfer it to the host device.
The communication between the Reader and Card is using Radio Technology whereas the
communication between RFID Reader and the host device like a microcontroller is through
serial protocol.

RFID tags are generally classified into two types: Active RFID Tags and Passive RFID Tags.

Active RFID Tags are battery powered and they have an electronically erasable and
programmable memory. So, the necessary data can be written in to the memory by the user
and read using a RFID Reader.

As they are battery powered devices, Active RFID Tags can communicate with the RFID
Reader over distances larger than 100 feet.

Passive RFID Tags on the other hand, do not contain any battery. Passive RFID Tags consists of
a coil and a microchip. The coil acts as an antenna as well as the source of power through
induction.

The microchip is a read only type memory and the user can only read the data that already
stored by the manufacturer. Passive RFID Tags are used for short distance communication,
usually 10 feet or less.

The most commonly used RFID reader is EM-18 reader module. This module has a built in
antenna which is used to power the RFID Cards and also extract the information from the
Cards microchip.

Also read this interesting post: RFID based Attendance System

Circuit Design
The main components of our project are Microcontroller, RFID Reader, RFID Cards or Tags, an
LCD display, L293D Motor Driver IC and a Motor.

For the microcontroller to function properly, we need to connect an 11.0592 MHz oscillator
along with two ceramic capacitors of capacitance 33pF to the microcontroller.

Pin 31 of the microcontroller i.e. EA Pin is connected to 5V using a current limiting resistor of
resistance 10K.
In order to reset the microcontroller, the RST pin (Pin 9) must be momentarily connected to 5V.
Hence, a combination of push button, 10K resistor and 10F capacitor is used in the reset
circuit.

An LCD Display is used in this project to display the details of the card. The data pins of the
LCD are connected to PORT1.

The control pins are connected to P3.6, GND and P3.7 and a 10K potentiometer is connected
to adjust the contrast.

The next component we need to connect to the microcontroller is the RFID reader module.
The communication between the Reader and the microcontroller is using UART protocol.

Hence, we need to use the TX and RX pins for communication. Connect the RXD pin (Pin 3.0) of
the microcontroller to the TX pin of the RFID Reader module.

Similarly, connect the TXD pin (P3.1) of the microcontroller to the RX pin of the RFID Reader
module.
Finally, we need to connect the motor driver IC to the PORT0 of the microcontroller.

An important note is that Port 0 pins must be externally pulled high in order to use them as
input / output pins.

Connect the two input pins of the motor driver i.e. IN1 and IN2 (Pins 2 and 7) to Port 0 pins i.e.
P0.0 and P0.1 of the microcontroller. A motor is connected to output pins of the motor driver.
Complete Project Course with CODE: RFID Security Access Control System

How RFID Security Access Control System Works?

The aim of this project is to design an RFID based security access control system using 8051
microcontroller, in which only authorised personnel are allowed access to a secure area. The
working of the project is explained here.

When the circuit is powered ON, the microcontroller will initially display a message as Swipe
the Card on the LCD display.

When the RFID Card or Tag is swiped against the RFID reader, it will detect the ID card and
sends the unique card no. to the microcontroller via serial terminal.

With the help of suitable programming, we need to compare the received card no. with the
numbers that are already stored in the microcontroller or any database like external memory
unit.

If the received number is matched with the already stored number, then the microcontroller
will display the name of the card holder on the LCD and activates the motor driver IC. As a
result, the door is opened for a predefined duration after which the door is automatically
closed.

If there is no match for the received numbers with the stored numbers, then the
microcontroller will not open the door and displays a message as Access Denied on the LCD
display.

DOWNLOAD PROJECT CODE

Advantages and Applications
RFID based Security Access System is designed in this project. As the system uses RFID
Technology based identification, it can be used to access secured areas like research
centres, defence sites etc.
It is a low power system and also the RFID Cards or Tags used are of passive type.

Limitations
Even though RFID Technology is secure, the security can be increased by integrating
other security measures like facial detection, finger print scanner etc.
As the card details are stored in the microcontroller, only a limited number of card
details can be stored. This can be increased by implementing a memory unit like
EEPROM.
Related Articles

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Circuit, Working, GSM Appliances
Source Code

FILED UNDER: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER, DIY PROJECTS, EMBEDDED

Comments

Shaju says
AUGUST 25, 2016 AT 12:00 PM

RFID security access control system is a very good project for engineering students.
further projects are expected.

Reply
 Dave says
JULY 11, 2017 AT 11:17 AM

Thank you for this. I have a question. From the above explanation, the only way we know
that the door has been opened is from the LCD screen. Now what if i want a more practical
scenario where i can integrate a maglock( electromagnetic lock) to the reader module so it
can open when the card has been swiped and authenticated. Will that be possible?

Reply

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