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Rain Alarm Project

AUGUST 9, 2017 BY ADMINISTRATOR 20 COMMENTS

Contents [hide]

1 Circuit Diagram
2 Components Required
3 Rain Alarm Project Block Diagram
4 Rain Water Sensor
5 Working of the Circuit
6 Rain Alarm Project Circuit Applications:
7 Related Articles

Rain Alarm Project is a simple but very useful project that detects Rain (Rain Water) and
automatically triggers an alarm or buzzer.

Water is a basic need in every ones life. Saving water and proper usage of water is very
important. Here is an easy project which will give the alarm when there is rain, so that we can
make some actions for rain water harvesting and also save the rain water for using it later.

With the help of saving this rain water through rain water harvesting, we can increase the
levels of underground water by using underwater recharge technique.

Rain water detector will detect the rain and make an alert; rain water detector is used in the
irrigation field, home automation, communication, automobiles etc. Here is the simple and
reliable circuit of rain water detector which can be constructed at low cost.
In this project, we have designed a simple Rain Alarm Circuit, which, upon detecting rain, will
activate a buzzer. Based on the buzzer, we can take necessary actions.

Circuit Diagram
The circuit diagram from the Rain Alarm Project is shown in the below image.

Components Required
1 x Small Rain Sensor
1 x 555 Timer IC
1 x BC548 NPN Transistor
2 x 2N2222 NPN Transistor
1 x Bright White LED
1x 1N4007 PN Junction Diode
1 x 220 K Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 330 Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 10 K Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 470 K Resistor (1/4 Watt)
2 x 3.3 K Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 68 K Resistor (1/4 Watt)
1 x 22 F Capacitor (Polarized)
2 x 100 F Capacitor (Polarized)
1 x 10nF Ceramic Capacitor (Code 103)
1 x 100pF Ceramic Capacitor (Code 101)
1 x Buzzer (or Speaker 8)
Connecting Wires
Breadboard
12V Power Supply

Rain Alarm Project Block Diagram

The block diagram of the Rain Alarm Project is shown in the following image. The three main
components of the project are the Rain Water Sensor, 555 Timer IC and Buzzer.
When the Rain Water Sensor detects the Rain, it sends a signal to the 555 Timer. The 555
Timer IC, which is configured in its Astable Mode, will then activate the Buzzer.

Rain Water Sensor

The Rain Water Sensor used in this project is shown in the image below. It is a simple sensor
and it is an easy to use tool for detecting rain. It can act as a simple switch, where the switch is
normally open and when there is rain, the switch closes.

Even though Rain Water sensor is the main component in the circuit. We need not to go and
buy in the market or online. We can do it ourselves just by taking the piece of Bakelite or Mica
board and aluminium wire.

Bakelite or Mica board should be made completely at and aluminium wire should be pasted
on the at board as shown in the gure below. Care should be taken that there should be no
spaces between the wire and board.

When the rain water sensor is completed, it should get connected to the circuit and voltage
should be passed through the wires.
If there is no rain, the resistance between the contacts will be very high as there will be no
conduction between the wires in the sensor.

If there is rain, the water drops will fall on the rain sensor, which will form a conductive path
between the wires and it also decreases the resistance between the contacts.

As a result, the wires on the sensor board will conduct and trigger the NE555 timer through the
transistors circuitry. Once NE555 is triggered, it will make the output pin high and which will
make the buzzer to make alarm.

Working of the Circuit

We will see the working of the simple Rain Sensor Alarm Circuit Project. When rain falls on the
sensor, the Aluminium Wires on the Sensor Board will start conducting and close the path
between the supply and base of the transistor Q2.

As a result, the Transistor Q2 will turn ON, which will also turn ON the Transistor Q1. This will
turn ON the Bright White LED connected to the emitter of the Transistor Q1.

When the transistor Q2 is saturated, the capacitor C1 will be shorted and will make the
transistor Q3 to be turned ON. C1 will get charged by the resistor R4.

When the Transistor Q3 reaches the saturation mode, the Reset Pin of the 555 Timer IC, which
is connected to the emitter of Q3, will be made positive.

The 555 timer is configured in Astable Mode. As the Reset pin of the 555 Timer IC is given
positive voltage, it becomes active and we will get a Pulse signal at the output pin 3 of the 555
Timer IC. This will turn ON the buzzer and the alarm is activated.
If you are using a speaker, Capacitor C4, which is connected in between the Pin 3 of 555 timer
and the speaker, will block the DC signal and allows only the variations in the signal which
makes the speaker to make sound. The diode D1 will not allow any reverse current from the
timer.

Because of the resistor R4 and capacitor C1, when the capacitor is completely charged, the
transistor Q3 will get in to cut off mode after sometime.

As a result, the Reset pin of the 555 Timer IC will not receive any positive voltage and the
speaker will stop making sound. The time for 555 Timer to make speaker sound depends on
the values of C1 and R4.

When there is no rain, the aluminium wire on the sensor will not conduct as they do not have
any conduction path (open circuit). As a result, the sensor cannot trigger the 555 Timer IC and
there will be no alarm.

Note:

Rain senor should be kept in the open place at 30 to 40 degrees from the ground. As a
result, rain water will not be present on the sensor for long time.
This circuit will automatically switch of the alarm after sometime and LED will glow
continuously until the rain stops.

Rain Alarm Project Circuit Applications:

1. In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and immediately alert the farmer.
2. In automobiles, when the rain detector detects the rain it will immediately active the
wipers and inform the driver.
3. In communications, it will boost the power of the antenna and increase the signal
strength to send or receive the signals.
4. In normal house hold, with the help of rain water detector we can automatically save the
rain water. (This can be done only when home automation is done and there is proper
equipment to save the rain water. In this, rain water detector will detect the rain and helps
to switch ON the equipment which will automatically save rain water for different
purposes).
5. This can also be used if there is a chemical rain also. This is very common in industrial
areas.
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FILED UNDER: ELECTRONICS, FREE PROJECT CIRCUITS, MINI PROJECTS

Comments

Ral Eduardo Bravo says

OCTOBER 28, 2013 AT 12:29 AM

Useful!

Reply

Anurag says
OCTOBER 31, 2013 AT 7:21 AM

how can we calculate the current from the sensor like what is the resistance of the sensor.
Because we need to know the resistance in order to set the bias for transistor. How did you
do that, can you tell me?

Reply
 d anil kumar says
OCTOBER 31, 2013 AT 10:35 AM

to know the unknown resistance of a sensor simply keep the two terminals in a
multimeter device and keep the device in resistance mode. automatically with in a
fraction of seconds you can found the unknown resistance of the sensor you are using
in your project

Reply

d anil kumar says

OCTOBER 31, 2013 AT 10:37 AM

you can use digital multimeter to found the unknown resistance of a electronic device..

Reply

Bugx Raja says

NOVEMBER 28, 2013 AT 3:58 PM

What should be the Voltage that we need to pass through the wires?

Reply

ponraj says
JUNE 28, 2014 AT 6:41 AM

useful

Reply

sangeetha says
JULY 14, 2014 AT 1:39 PM

THANK YOU..

Reply
 raj says
SEPTEMBER 18, 2014 AT 7:24 AM

Is that the circuit is work?? Because Im in plan of doing this as my final year project. Please
reply me fast as possible. Thank you very much.

Reply

Ahmef A. Abod says

SEPTEMBER 29, 2014 AT 7:46 PM

hi
1. Where is the power supply?
2. Q1 connected uncorrectly because its connected as reverse bias and the LED never
work
3. This CCT not work properly.

Reply

Geoff says
OCTOBER 16, 2014 AT 11:01 AM

Where is the Battery / Power Supply in this circuit?

Reply

roshani says
FEBRUARY 1, 2016 AT 9:57 AM

usesful!!!!!! i will try

Reply

patil rohini says

FEBRUARY 21, 2016 AT 7:03 AM

use 15v dc adapter for power supply

Reply
 Mr. Pyus says
JULY 17, 2016 AT 11:24 AM

Every thing are defined but voltages not showing how much required ensure it ?

Reply

sajjad says
SEPTEMBER 24, 2016 AT 8:55 AM

please give what should be the voltage and correct connections

Reply

Mounika says
JANUARY 3, 2017 AT 4:17 AM

Sir please send me the hr202 humidity sensor background

Reply

noor says
FEBRUARY 22, 2017 AT 1:26 AM

hi i need the component details plzz help me out

Reply

Suvoda susovita says

APRIL 14, 2017 AT 10:46 AM

hello vl u plz clarify wer 2 connect the voltage supply

Reply

Suvoda susovita says

APRIL 14, 2017 AT 10:50 AM

can any one please clarify where to connect the power suppy and..what should be the
range.means perticullarly what should be connected and where

Reply
 Anusha says
JUNE 20, 2017 AT 5:02 AM

Connect Vcc to the 555 timer vcc and ground pin to C2

Reply

helen says
JUNE 17, 2017 AT 7:34 AM

How can we create the rain detector

Reply

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