A

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
REPORT
OF
THE PROPOSED BUILDING OF COMMERCIAL

OWNER:
Mrs.Jasuda Rai

SUBMITTED TO:
Dharan Sub-Metropolitan city, Sunsari

0
 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report comprises the summary of the Commercial building of Mrs.Jasuda Rai Dharan-15
Sunsari Nepal. The reports consist of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made,
the inputs made in the design and the design output. During the design, it is assumed that the
client will completely follow the architectural as well as the structural design. It is also
assumed that the construction will be supervised by professional engineer.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the
alterations to non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or the
weight of the whole building is altered by more than 10% of design weight of each floor and
the total weight.

The design calculations and derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the concerned
people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be provided to the
client or concerned authorities when needed, upon request. Hence the building is safe.

Designer

Er. Rabin Bhattarai

Earthquake Engineer (M.E)
Council No:4944 . Civil A

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.N. Title Page No.

1 Introduction 1

2 Salient features 1

3 Design Approach and Methodology 3

4 Preliminary Design 6

5 Final Analysis 7

6 Design Methodology 8

7 Analysis Output 10

8 Design of Members 16

2
1.0 Background
This report summarizes structural analysis and design of the Commercial building for
Dharan Sub-Metro politician City. The analysis and design has been based on the
prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the National Building Code of Nepal and
the IS codes at places.

2.0 Salient Features

2.1 Project Information:
Owner : Mrs. Jasadu Rai
Building Type : Commercial Building
Location : Dharan-15
Plot no. : 9571, 9566, 9569
Land Area : 1485.00 sq.ft.
Plinth Area : 1350.00 sq.ft.

2.2 Building Features:

Type of Structure: RCC Framed Structure
Storey: 2 & half storey
Storey Height: 3.175m
Total Height: 9.525 m

2.3 Site Condition:

Soil Type: III (for seismic consideration as per NBC 105)
Seismic Zone Factor: 1.0
Safe Bearing Capacity: 150 KN/m2 (assumed)

3
2.4 Material Specification:
Considering Architectural, Economic and strength demands reinforced cement concrete
(RCC) is used as the major structural material. The selected material also confirms the
availability and ease in construction. The concrete grade used is M20 as per Indian
Standard Specification. This material provides minimum grade of structural concrete and
favorable for easy production and quality control as well.
Fe 500 is provided as longitudinal and shear reinforcing in Beams, Columns, foundations,
and slabs wherever RCC is used.

Considerations of material for loading and strength parameter are as detailed below:

Structural Components:
Concrete:
Grade: M20
Characteristic Compressive Strength: 20 N/mm2
Unit Weight: 25.0 KN/m3
Youngs Modulus of Elasticity (E): = 5000 fck N/mm2
22360680 KN/m2 (for M20)
Steel Reinforcement:
Grade: Fe 500 (for both longitudinal and shear reinforcement)

Non-Structural Components:
Brick wall:
Unit Weight: 18.85 KN/m3
Strength: Not Available

Finishing:
Plaster:
Unit Weight: 20.4 KN/m3
Flooring: Screed + Punning
Unit Weight per meter: 1.1 KN/m2

4
2.5 Loading Details
Number of Storey 2 & half Storey
Loading in General Structural Self Weight
(Gravity loads) Live Load for residential services
Dead load of finishing materials for floor
Panel walls 250mm & 125mm thick brick walls without openings
125mm thick brick walls with 30% openings
Partition walls 125mm thick (half brick) walls with 30 & 20% openings
Parapet walls 125 mm thick (half brick) wall height 0.8m
Live Load As per IS 875 Part II
Lateral Loading As per NBC 105:1994

The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that distributed
over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
Where such facility is not feasible, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the Model near the real case as far as possible.
For lateral load, necessary calculations were performed and checked using NBC 105:
1994 for response spectrum method.
Different load combinations based on Nepal National Codes are developed and used
for design purposes.
Load Combinations:
The load combinations are based on NBC 105: 1994
Static Load Combination:
1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
Seismic Load Combinations:
1.0 DL + 1.3 LL 1.25 EQ
0.9 DL 1.25 EQ
For seismic loading, mass equivalent to the load that composed of 100% of Dead load and
25% of Live load is taken into consideration.
The Earthquake lateral loads were used in the combination from the Self-Generated Load
on the Seismic coefficient Method.
Modal analysis is carried out using FEM Based three dimensional analyses.

3.0 Design Approach and Methodology:

3.1 Introduction

5
The structure is analyzed for full Finite Element. Beams and columns modeled as frame
(line) elements with five and three internal stations. All floor slabs are modeled as Shell
(Area) elements with sufficient and appropriate meshing. Modulus of elasticity and
Poissons ratio for used material i.e. M20 grade concrete (as per Indian Specification) are
taken accordingly and section properties used are based on Preliminary section sizing
with consideration for deflection, minimum size specified and serviceability.
Computation for stiffness as a whole is carried out using FEM based latest software.
Full Modal Analysis is carried out up to twelve modes confirming more than 95 %
seismic mass participation and it is applied for lateral seismic force distribution that
generated with NBC 105 based Spectral Function for Soil Type-III.
For Section Design and Check, suitable Load combinations as suggested in
NBC105:1994 and if not covered in that, IS 1893- 2002 is referred with consideration of
Envelopes of internal Forces developed.
Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability requirements.
3.2 Software used: (Introduction to Analysis software)

The analysis for the structural system was carried out using ETABS 2016 ver 16.0.0 is a
product of computers and structures Inc, Berkeley. It is a FEM based software having
facility of RC Design based on IS-456:2000

3.3 Structural Performance:

Structural response under limit state of serviceability is thoroughly checked. The force
and stiffness relationship resulting the deflection under various load cases and combined
action of forces are duly evaluated. Basically short-term elastic deflection due to vertical
loads and lateral deflection due to seismic forces are of major importance along with the
long-term deflection of beam elements under sustained loading condition due to
shrinkage and creep are also taken into account.

3.4 Deformation under Vertical Loads:

Maximum vertical deflection in all components that resulted under vertical load of
combined effect of self, imposed dead and live load are checked for every element and
maintained to be within permissible limit. Short-term elastic deflection and long-term
deflection due to shrinkage and creep due to sustained loads also are maintained within
permissible limits for all the elements.

6
3.5 Deformation under Lateral Loads:

Effect of lateral load due to seismic force is analyzed using self-generated seismic load
compatible with Codal provision. The distribution of lateral force at different parts of the
structure is done based on the response under unit force. Using Complete Quadratic
Combination (CQC) method of modal combination combines the deformations, and
related forces reported.

3.6 Recommendations:
The following recommendations are made:
Materials used shall confirm minimum standard specified before use. Primarily the
cement, aggregate, sand and steel shall be used that confirms to NS or IS standard.
Batching, mixing, placing and curing of concrete and steel fabrication and placing
shall be done as per standard practice.
Construction safety shall be well planned and implemented.

7
4.0 Preliminary Design
The Preliminary Design was done using the prevailing thumb rules and span
consideration.
Slab: The slab is designed based on IS456:2000. The slab is designed to meet the
deflection criteria for the slab.
Beam: The beam is designed based on IS456:2000. The slab is preliminarily designed to
meet the deflection criteria as well as the moment requirements for the span.
Column: The column is preliminarily designed to meet the stiffness criteria for the
building.
Staircase: The staircase is designed to satisfy the moment requirement as well as the
deflection criteria.

The sizes of the structural components are as given below:

Sizes of Structural Components:
Slab: 5 thick RCC (M20) Slab

Beam: Rectangular main Beam size- 10 X 15 (BXD)

Column: Square, size- 12X 12 (HXB)

Staircase: Waist Slab thickness 5.4

8
5.0 Final Analysis
5.1 Load Calculations:
Refer Table: Load Intensity of Building Components
Live Load: 3.0 KN/m2 (for all rooms)
Live Load: 4 KN/m2 (for staircases and lobbies)
Roof Live Load: 1.5 KN/m2 (for roof accessible), 0.75 KN/m2 (for roof inaccessible)

5.2 Seismic Lump Load:

Seismic weight: Comprises Dead Load+ 50% of Live Load (as per IS Code for live load
intensity > 3 KN/m2)
Seismic wt. at ith floor level (WI) = (Total dead load of all components i.e. Beam, Slab,
Columns And Walls for height above and height below the floor level + 50% of live
load)
n
Total Weight of the frame, W= Wi Where, n = total number of storey
I=1

Seismic Wt. of Building W = 4197.85 KN

Base Shear Calculation:

As Per NBC 105:
Total Horizontal Base Shear V= Cd W
Where, Cd = CZIK
Where,
Basic Shear Factor (C) = According to time period of vibration and Soil type
Seismic Zoning Factor (Z) = For Dharan
Importance Factor (I) = According to the type of building
Performance Factor (K) = for the moment resisting frame

Distribution of design seismic force:

Fi = Design Seismic Force at floor Level I
Wi = seismic wt. at ith floor level
hi = height of floor i measured from base
According to NBC 105:1994
Height of building (h) = 9.525 m

9
Soil type = III
Time period (T) = 0.06 H0.75
= 0.3254 Sec
C = 0.08 (from Fig 8.1 of NBC105:1994)
Z = 1.00 (for Dharan, Fig 8.2 of NBC105:1994)
I = 1.5 (for Commercial Bldg., Table 8.1 of NBC105:1994)
K = 1.00 (for Ductile Moment resisting Frame, Table 8.2 of
NBC105:1994)
Cd = CZIK
= 0.12
Horizontal Base shear Vx = Vy = 0.12*4197.85
Total Horizontal Base shear Vx = Vy = 503.75 KN

5.3 Load Cases:

Dead : Self Weight of the building structural components (Beams, columns and slabs)
Finish : Weight of the finishing of the slabs as well as staircases (including steps).
Wall : Wall loads (inclusive of plaster)
Live : Live load in the building area elements.
Rlive : Live load in the terraces both accessible and inaccessible (not including in
seismic behaviour)
EQX : Spectral Seismic Load in X Direction
EQY : Spectral Seismic Load in Y Direction

5.4 Load Combination:

DL = 1.5Dead + 1.5Finish + 1.5 Wall + 1.5 Rlive + 1.5Live
DQX = 0.9 Dead + 0.9 Wall + 0.9 Finish 1.25 EQX
DQY = 0.9 Dead + 0.9 Wall + 0.9 Finish 1.25 EQY
DLEQX = 1.0 Dead + 1.0Wall + 1.0 Finish + 1.3 Live 1.25 EQX
DLEQY= 1.0 Dead + 1.0 Wall + 1.0 Finish + 1.3 Live 1.25 EQY

10
6.0 Design of Structural Members
6.1 Design Assumptions:
Foundation
The Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the soil is taken to be 150 KN/m 2. The depth of the
foundation is taken as 1.67 m. It is assumed that the soil below is converted to a firm base
by sufficient compaction through any convenient means or as directed by the site
engineer.

Beam:
The beams are assumed to be rectangular. The preliminary design of the beam is carried
out considering the deflection criteria as well as the loading condition.

Slab:
The longest span slab is designed and for uniformity in construction, all the slabs are
detailed according to the designed slab. The slab is designed based on IS 456:2000, for
adjacent edge discontinuous. However during detailing, the torsion in the free edges is
considered.

6.2 Design Methodology:

The design of beams and columns that are the structural components in the building are
carried out using the results and analysis for critical responses and also checking with
manual calculations is carried out. The design of the foundation is carried out based on
the base reactions as obtained from the software with necessary adjustments. The design
of slabs and staircases are carried out based on the prevailing design practices, following
the codal provisions.

6.2 Calculation of Wall Loads.

The calculations of the loads are given in the following tables:

Load Intensity of Wall

10Thickness of wall with 1 plaster both side of wall
Full wall intensity =18.85*0.25*(3.175-0.375)+20.4*1*0.025*(3.175- =13.6 KN/M
0.375)*
20% opening Wall =14.6*0.3 =10.9KN/M
intensity

11
30% opening Wall =13.6x0.7 =9.50KN/M
intensity

5Thickness of wall with 1 plaster both side of wall

Full wall intensity =18.85*0.125*(3.175-0.375)+20.4*2*0.025*(3.175- =6.8 KN/M
0.375)*
20% opening Wall =6.8*0.8 =5.4 KN/M
intensity
30% opening Wall =6.8*0.7 =4.7 KN/M
intensity

Parapet 5wall
Parapet wall =18.85*0.125*0.92 =2.2KN/M

12
7.0 ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Result from Structural models and analysis

3D Model of the Building

13
JOINT REACTIONS

14
Design Plan (Ground Floor)

Design Plan (First Floor)

15
Shear Force Diagram (Sample only)

16
Axial Force Diagram (Sample only)

17
18
Bending Moment Diagram (Sample only)

19
8.0 Design of Members
Design of Beams and Columns

The design of beams and columns are done from the software itself. However, it is to be
notified that the limitations of the design by the software have been evaluated and the
adjustments have been made accordingly. The samples (summary) of the design through
the software based on IS456: 2000 has been presented hereunder.

Output for the Reinforcement Area (Beams and Columns)

Grid -A

20
Grid -B

21
Grid -c

22
 Column Reinforcement Details

Column Reinforcement
Column
Type Ground floor First floor Second-floor STIRRUPS
C-1
(12"X12") 8-16 8-16 x
C- 4-16+ 4-
2(12"X12") 8-16 8-16 12 8mm DIA @
C-3 4-20+ 4- 4-20+ 4- 4" C/C near
(12"X12") 16 16 x joint & 6"
C-4 4-20+ 4- 4-20+ 4- C/C at mid
(12"X12") 16 16 8-16
C-5 4-20+ 4-
(12"X12") 8-20 8-20 12

Footing Reinforcement Details

23
 ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C4 141 C-12"X12" DL+FL+LL+WL+1.3LL-1.25EQX 0 3175 0.794

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 54.1 28.1

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

C S
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm %
417.4856 -13.8851 -81.2021 8.3497 8.3497 2127 2.29

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.732464 2794 -32.4808 0 8.3497
Minor Bend(M2) 0.664085 2794 -5.554 0 8.3497

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm/m
Major, Vu2 48.4516 80.038 30.5649 43.4655 337.85
Minor, Vu3 42.1197 80.038 30.5649 42.1197 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

24
 Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm cm kN kN kN Unitless
929 21.3 1633.5835 323.1396 417.4856 0.928005

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.88 304.8 6.714 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.88 304.8 6.087 12 No 0

Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed

25
 ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B4 13 B-10"X15" DL+FL+LL+WL+1.3LL-1.25EQY 152.4 3530.6 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 25.4 25.4

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

C S
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-56.7272 6.4527 63.3109 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-56.7272 9.4893 0 -66.2165

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm mm mm mm
Top (+2 Axis) -66.2165 498 0 498 208
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 249 0 0 249

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm/m
87.6927 44.8358 84.6894 44.7511 659.96

26
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2
Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm/m
6.4527 63.3109 223.2 350.2 460.72

Slab Design

Input Parameters

27
 Length of shorter span (lx) = 3.74 m
Length of longer span (ly) = 4.69 m

Support condition 2
Slab type
= 23
= 1
(assumed) = 1.25
ly/lx = 1.25
Design two way slab

Assume grade of concrete (fck) = M 20

Assume steel (fy) = Fe 500
Thickness of marble finishing = 25.00 mm
Thickness of screed = 25.00 mm
Thickness of plaster = 20.00 mm
Unit weight of marble = 26.70 KN/m3
Unit weight of screed = 20.40 KN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.40 KN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 25.00 KN/m3
Live load = 3 KN/m2
Assume bar diameter = 8.00 mm

Effective depth of slab (d) 130.09 mm

Assume, d = 96.00 mm
Total depth of slab, D = 125.00 mm

Dead load calculation of slab

Dead load of slab due to concrete = 3.13 KN/m2
Dead load due to floor finish (marble) = 0.67 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed = 0.51 KN/m2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.41 KN/m2
Partition load = 1.00 KN/m2
Total dead load = 3.13 KN/m2
Dead load + Live load = 6.13 KN/m2
Design load = 9.19 KN/m2

Bending moment Coefficients Max. bending moment

x = 0.0376 Mx = 4.83 KNm
x = 0.0496 -Mx = 6.38 KNm
y = 0.0280 My = 5.66 KNm
y = 0.0370 -My = 7.48 KNm
Mmax = 7.48 KNm

28
 Check depth for moment
Required depth for moment = 52.05 mm
Provided depth, d = 96.00 mm
Required depth is < Provided depth
O.K. safe

Area of steel
Solving quadratic equation
0.025 Ast2 + -96.00 Ast + 13008.04 = 0
0.025 Ast2 + -96.00 Ast + 17189.19 = 0
Bottom bars Top bars
Ast = 3699.35 mm2 Ast = 3651.71 mm2
Ast = 140.65 mm2 Ast = 188.29 mm2
Spacing required
8 rods @ 357.2 mm c/c Bottom bars
8 rods @ 266.8 mm c/c Top bars
Spacing provided
8 rods @ 150.0 mm c/c Bottom bars
8 rods @ 150.0 mm c/c Top bars

Check for shear

Provided Ast = 334.93 mm2
p% = 0.35 k= 1.3
c' = 0.41 N/mm 2
IS 456:2000 (Table 19)
c = 0.53 N/mm 2

Max.shear force (Vu) = 17.18 KN

v = 0.18 N/mm2
c > v
O.K. safe

Check for minimum steel

Minimum steel (0.12%) Provided steel
115.20 mm2 < 334.93 mm2
O.K.

Check for deflection

= 23 fs = 121.783 = 1
= 1 = 2.000 = 1

Allowable L/d = 46.00

Actual L/d = 38.96
Allowable L/d > Actual L/d
O.K.
Design of Staicase

Concrete M20 20.00 N/mm2

29
 Steel Fe500 500.00 N/mm2
Riser R 0.15 m
Thread T 0.25 m

SQRT(R2+T2)/T 1.17

Effective Span l 4600.00 mm

Assumed effctive Depth d 115.00

Provide
Cover 12.00 steel Diameter 12

Overall Depth D 133.00

Take Overall Depth D 135.00 mm

Effective Depth d 117.00 mm

Load Calculation for Waist Slab

Self wt. of waist Slab 3.94 kN/m2
Floor Finishes 2.00 kN/m2
Live Load 3.00 kN/m2

Total Load w 8.94 kN/m2

Factored
Load wu 10.72 kN/m2
Considering 1m wide strip of Slab
Length Lef 1.1 Center 2 Right 1.13
Load/m2 5.361536 10.72 5.361536

Reaction at support 16.70118

Max. Bending Moment 34.12952

0.133fckbd2=Mu

Provided Effective Depth

Reqd
d= 113.27 mm (d)=117> 113.27,
Depth
Hence Safe ok

Calculation for Reinforcement

Mu/bd2 R 2.49 Mpa

Steel
(Ast)reqd 811.26 mm2
Required

30
 Provide 12 mm dia bar
Spacing s= 139.29

Provide 12mm bar @125 c/c( Main Bar)

Steel Provided Steel =1130mm2 >

(Ast)prvd 1130.00 mm2
provoded 811.26mm2 , Hence Safe ok

Calculation for distribution bar

Steel
(Ast)reqd 162.00
Required mm2
Provide 120mm dia bar
Spacing s= 314.81
Provide 12 mm bar @150c/c
Steel Provided Steel =255mm2 >
(Ast)prvd 255.00 mm2
provoded 162.0mm2 , Hence Safe ok
Provide 12mm bar @125 c/c (Main Bar)
Provide 12mm bar @150 c/c (Distribution Bar)

Combined Footing Design Sample (CF-2)

31
Point Loads (DEAD - LIVE) [kN, kN-m]

32
Strip moment diagram in layer- A [kN-m]

33
Strip moment diagram in layer - B [kN-m]

34
Punching Shear Capacity Ratios/Shear Reinforcement

35
Slab Strip Design - Layer A - Top and Bottom Reinforcement Intensity
(Enveloping Flexural) [mm2/m] - 12 mm @ 125 mm (Top), 12 mm @ 125mm
(bottom). Depth-20 thick

36
Slab Strip Design - Layer B - Top and Bottom Reinforcement Intensity
(Enveloping Flexural) [mm2/m] - 12mm @ 125 mm (Top), 12mm @ 125 mm
(bottom). Depth-20 thick

37
Slab Resultant M11 Diagram - (DEAD-LIVE) [kN-m/m]

38
 List of design code and Standards

1. NBC-000-114:1994 : All relevant design codes in Nepal

2. IS 456 2000 : Code for practice for plain & Reinforced concrete

3. IS 875 1987 : Code of practice for Design Loads (other than

earthquake load) for building & structures.

4. IS 1893(part-I)-2002 : Code of practice for earthquake resist design of

Structures.

5. IS 13920 1993 : Code of practice for Ductile detailing of

Reinforced
Concrete structures subjected to seismic forces.

6. SP: 16 1980 : Design aids for Reinforced concrete to IS 456

-1978

7. ETABS 2016 V 16.0.0 : Proprietary program of Research Engineers.

39