Aspirin Drug Study

Posted on Jul 7, 2014 by RNspeak in Drug Study with 0 Comments

Generic name: Aspirin
Brand name: Aspergum, Bayer, Easprin, Ecotrin, Empirin, Genprin, Halfprin, Norwich
Pregnancy Category: D
Drug Classes: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antiplatelet, Antipyretic, Antirheumatic, NSAID,
Salicylate

Therapeutic actions:

a. Analgesic and antirheumatic- inhibits prostaglandin (an inflammatory mediator) synthesis

b. Antipyretic effect this action is not fully understood but drug study of aspirin is
correlated with the ability of the drug to act in the thermoregulatory center of the
hypothalamus by blocking the endogenous pyrogen through inhibiting synthesis of
prostaglandin intermediary.
c. Antiplatelet aspirin drug study reveals the ability of the drug to inhibit thromboxame
A2 (a potent vasoconstrictor and inducer of platelet aggregation) synthesis

Indications:

a. Mild to moderate pain

b. Fever
c. Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatic fever, arthritis, and spondyloarthropaties
d. Reduction of risk of recurrent transient ischemic attack (precursor to stroke)
or cardiovascular accident (stroke) in patients with history of TIA due to fibrin platelet
emboli or ischemic stroke
e. Unlabeled use: prophylaxis against cataract formation with long-term use

Contraindications and cautions:

a. People with allergy to salicylates or NSAIDs. This is more common to people with nasal
polyps, asthma, and chronic urticaria.
b. People with haemophilia, allergy to tartrazine (cross-sensitivity is common), bleeding
ulcers, blood coagulation defects, and with Vitamin K deficiency (increased risk of
bleeding)
c. Caution with people who have impaired renal function, children and teenagers (risk for
developing Reyes Syndrom), patients who will have surgery within 1 week, and
pregnant women (it readily crosses placenta and is a possible teratogen) as well as
lactating mothers.

Available forms:

a. tablets 81, 165, 325, 500, 650, 975 mg

b. Sustained release tablets 650, 800 mg
c. Gum tablets 227.5 mg
d. Suppositories 120, 200, 300, 600 mg

Dosages:
(Adults)

a. Ischemic stroke and TIA: 51-325 mg/day

 b. Angina or recurrent myocardial infarction (MI): 75-325 mg/day
c. Suspected MI: 160-325 g as soon as possible; continue for 30 days
d. All forms of arthritis: 3g/ day in divided doses
e. Acute rheumatic fever: 5-8g/day

(Pediatric patients)

a. Analgesic and antipyretic: 10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4 hours, up to 60-80 mg/kg/day

Note: Do not give to patients with chickenpox and influenza symptoms as well as febrile
children with signs and symptoms of dehydration (e.g. increased thirst, irritability, dry skin and
mucous membranes, etc).

Pharmacokinetics:

a. Oral route: onset 5-30 minutes; peak 15-120 minutes; duration 3-6 hours
b. Rectal route: onset 1-2 hrs; peak 4-5 hrs; duration 6-8 hours

Metabolism: Hepatic
Half-life: 15 minutes-12 hours
Distribution: Crosses placenta, enters breastmilk
Excretion: Urine

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions:

a. Acute aspirin toxicity respiratory alkalosis, hemorrhage, tachypnea, confusion,

asterixis, pulmonary edema, seizures, tetany, metabolic acidosis, renal and respiratory
failure
b. Aspirin intolerance exacerbation of bronchospasm, rhinitis
c. Gastrointestinal: nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric discomfort, anorexia,
hepatotoxicity
d. Hematologic: occult blood loss, hemostatic defects
e. Hypersensitivity: anaphylactoid reactions to anaphylactic shock
f. Salicylism: dizziness, tinnitus, difficulty hearing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mental
confusion

Nursing Responsibilities:

Check and verify with doctors order and Kardex.

Observe rights in medication administration such as giving the right drug to the right
patient using the right route and at the right time.
Assess skin color and presence of lesions as this may indicate hepatotoxicity, allergy,
bleeding, and other complications.
Assess patients orientation to time and place as the drug may cause dizziness and
confusion.
Give drug with food or after meal if GI upset occurs.
 To reduce the risk of the tablet lodging in the esophagus, give drug with full glass of
water.
Ensure that patient does not crush and chew tablets as well as sustained release
preparations to prevent losing drugs effectivity.
If aspirin has vinegar-like odor, do not use and dispose.
In case of overdose, institute emergency procedures and prepare equipments for gastric
lavage, induction of emesis, and activated charcoal.
Continue monitoring clotting factors, bleeding time, liver and renal function tests for
long-term drug therapy.
Observe patient for signs and symptoms of bleeding such as easy bruising, bleeding in
the gums, and nosebleeds.
Monitor vital signs.
Raise side rails up to ensure patients safety.
Monitor for signs and symptoms of drug allergy such as difficulty of breathing, pruritus,
and rashes.
Provide a room environment conducive for resting.

Client and Family Teaching:

Instruct to keep drugs from children.

Instruct to avoid OTC drugs as many of those contain aspirin so serious overdose can
occur.
Encourage client to ask for assistance when performing activities of daily living such as
bathing because this drug can cause dizziness and confusion.
In case of nausea and vomiting, instruct client to eat crackers and have carbonated drink
before rising in the morning.
Emphasize with the client to avoid or limit intake of highly-seasoned and oily food such
as bacon and canned goods as these can increase the risk of developing heartburn and
nauseous feeling.
Instruct client to use soft-bristled toothbrush and electric razor to prevent bleeding.
Inform client that he or she will experience these common side effects: epigastric
discomfort, nausea, difficulty hearing, tinnitus or ringing in the ears, vomiting, and
dizziness.
Instruct client to report bloody stools, rapid or difficult breathing, and confusion.
Encourage client to increase oral fluid intake to facilitate excretion of drug.
Instruct client to swallow drug whole and to take it with food to prevent GI upset and
promote drug effectivity.

Reference: 2011 Lippincotts Nursing Drug Guide

http://rnspeak.com/drug-study/aspirin-drug-study/
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Concise Info

Aspirin
> Indications
> Dosage Available Brands
> Dosage Details Aspilets/A...
> Administration Asthromed
> Contraindications Bayer Aspi...
> Special Precaution Besprin
> Adverse Drug Reactions Tromcor
> Overdosage
> Drug Interactions
> Food Interaction
> Lab Interference Other Known Brands
> Mechanism of Action Anthrom
> MIMS Class Asaprim
Aspec-EC
Aspen
Aspitor
Bayprin EC
Cor-30
Cortal 500
 Listed in Dosage.
Indications
Adult : PO Prophylaxis of MI 75-325 mg/day. Stent implantation 325 mg 2 hr
Dosage pre-op, then 160-325 mg/day. Pain and fever 325-650 mg 4-6 hrly. Max: 4
g/day. Pain and inflammation associated w/ musculoskeletal and joint
disorders Initial: 2.4-3.6 g/day. Maintenance: 3.6-5.4 g/day.
Oral
Dosage Details Stent implantation
Adult: 325 mg 2 hr before procedure followed by 160-325 mg/day thereafter.

Oral
Mild to moderate pain and fever
Adult: 325-650 mg repeated every 4-6 hr according to response. Max: 4 g/day.
May also be given rectally.

Oral
Prophylaxis of myocardial infarction
Adult: 75-325 mg once daily. Lower doses should be used in patients receiving
ACE inhibitors.

Oral
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Child: 80-100 mg/kg daily in 5 or 6 divided doses. Up to 130 mg/kg daily in
acute exacerbations if necessary.

Oral
Pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders
Adult: Initial: 2.4-3.6 g/day in divided doses. Usual maintenance: 3.6-5.4 g/day.
Monitor serum concentrations.

Should be taken with food.

Administration
Hypersensitivity (attacks of asthma, angioedema, urticaria or rhinitis), active
Contraindications peptic ulceration; pregnancy (3rd trimester), children <12 yr, patients with
haemophilia or haemorrhagic disorders, gout, severe renal or hepatic
impairment, lactation.
History of peptic ulcer or those prone to dyspepsia and those with gastric
Special mucosal lesion, asthma or allergic disorders, dehydrated patients, uncontrolled
Precautions hypertension, impaired renal or hepatic function, elderly.
GI disturbances; prolonged bleeding time, rhinitis, urticaria and epigastric
Adverse Drug discomfort; angioedema, salicylism, tinnitus; bronchospasm.
Reactions Potentially Fatal: Gastric erosion, ulceration and bleeding; severe, occasionally
fatal exacerbation of airway obstruction in asthma; Reye's syndrome (children
<12 yr). Hepatotoxicity; CNS depression which may lead to coma; CV collapse
and resp failure; paroxysmal bronchospasm and dyspnoea.
 Symptoms may include hyperventilation, fever, restlessness, ketosis, and
Overdosage respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. CNS depression may lead to coma;
CV collapse and respiratory failure. In children, drowsiness and metabolic
acidosis commonly occur; hypoglycaemia may be severe.
Alcohol, corticosteroids, analgin, phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone may
Drug Interactions increase risk of GI ulceration. Aspirin increases phenytoin levels. May
antagonize actions of uricosurics and spironolactone.
Potentially Fatal: May potentiate effects of anticoagulants, methotrexate and
oral hypoglycaemics.

Food Interaction Vitamin-rich foods increase urinary excretion.

Lab Interference Interferes with thyroid function tests.

Description: Aspirin is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. It
Mechanism of inhibits cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin
Action and thromboxane. It also inhibits platelet aggregation.
Duration: 4-6 hr.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract (oral); less reliable (rectal);
absorbed through the skin (topical). Peak plasma concentrations after 1-2 hr.
Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses the placenta; enters breast milk.
Protein-binding: 80-90%.
Metabolism: Hepatic; converted to metabolites.
Excretion: Via urine by glomerular filtration, active renal tubular secretion and
passive tubular reabsorption (as unchanged drug); via haemodialysis; 15-20
minutes (elimination half-life, parent drug).
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) / Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets
MIMS Class & Fibrinolytics (Thrombolytics)

http://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/aspirin?mtype=generic