FINAL %

University of Zululand
Faculty of Science and Agriculture
Department of Chemistry
PRACTICAL REPORT COVER SHEET

Student Name
Sandile Mabika
Student Number
201328759

Module Title Analytical Chemistry III

Module Code SCHM 322

Title of the Determination of the concentration of strong acid, a weak Acid , a

Practical weak Base by conducti metric titration

Due Date&Time 04 September 2017 ,10:00am

Name of Lecturer Prof VSR Pullabhotla

Lecturers
Remarks
Tittle:

Determination of the concentration of strong acid, a weak Acid, a weak Base by

conductimetric titration

Aim

To determine the concentration of the unknown solution and equivalent point.

THEORY

Titration is a method of determining the concentration of an unknown analyte by

reacting it with a standardized reagent such as Acid / Base, the solution is of known
concentration.

Conductometry titration is one of the types of titration used to detect the equivalent
point of the solution. The different between Volumetric and conductometry titration is
how one can finds the equivalent point of the solution. When using Volumetric titration,
the equivalent point is detected when the solution changes colour. The indicator is
used to make it easier to signal the end point. In contrast, the conductometry titration
equivalent is determined from the conductivity of the solution that is measured such
kind of titration do not involve indicators. [1]

Conductometry titration is related with electrical conductivity, hence in the presence of

ions in solution serves to conduct electric current in the solution. If the solution is
deionized current cannot flow through that solution therefore non electrolyte solution
fails to conduct electricity. The electrolyte conductivity of the reaction is monitored is
monitored as the titrant is added while the solution is getting mixed by stirring the
solution with a stare bar. The equivalent point is signalled by sudden change in
conductivity. An increase or decrease in conductance are related with the changing in
concentration of the two conducting ions. [2]

APPARATUS

Conductivity, Electrode of Immersion Cell, Glass Beaker 250 mL Magnetic Stirrer

Burette Hotplate Stirrer,0.01M HCl ,0.008946M NaOH, 0.01M NH3 and 0.01M
CH3COOH
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

The conductivity meter was calibrated by lab assistance. 10 mL of HCl was pipetted
out in a 250mL clean beaker and then was made up to 150mL by addition of 140mL
of deionised/distilled water. The conductivity was dipped in the beaker and the initial
conductance reading of the solution was taken before the titrant was added. The
burette was filled with 25mL of Sodium hydroxide and then, 0.5Ml of Sodium hydroxide
was added from the burette to the beaker containing HCl and stirred well. The
conductivity of the solution for each addition of the titrant was recorded until the
solution of the titrant was finished.

Second titration was of the strong acid HCl against the weak acid ammonia. Same
procedure was followed as mention above. The 3 rd titration was based on both weak
Acid and weak base. A graph of conductivity versus the volume of the reagent or titrant
was plotted.

RESULT

Titration 1

150 mL HCl vs NaOH 0.008946M

Volume of NaOH Conductance

added(ml) (S)
0.00 293 12.50 111.6
0.500 281 13.0 116.8
1.0 270 13.5 112.1
1.50 258 14.0 128.1
2.0 250 14.5 133.8
2.50 238 15.0 139.5
3.0 229 15.5 144.3
3.50 218 16.0 150.4
4.0 208 16.5 155.9
4.50 196.7 17.0 161.1
5.0 186.2 17.5 166.4
5.50 176.8 18.0 172.0
 6.0 166.6 18.5 177.9
6.50 155.5 19.0 181.5
7.0 146.5 19.5 187.4
7.5 135.7 20.0 192.4
8.0 125.7 20.5 197.5
8.50 115.9 21.5 209
9.0 107.2 22.0 215
9.5 98 22.5 221
10 92.7 23.0 226
10.5 93.8 23.5 231
11 96.6 24.0 237
11.5 101.2 24.5 241
12.0 105.9 25.0 246

Graph of Result of HCl vs NaOH

NaOH = 0.008946M
HCl = 150mL

Graph of conductance vs volume of NaOH

350

300
conductivity ()

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Volume of NaOH added mL

Calculations
At equivalent point the NaOH = ( 10mL ,92.7)
Actual conductance = C = ((v+V)/V) x observed conductance = ((10+150)/150) x92.7
Actual conductance = 98.88
MaVa = MbVb
Ma = 0.008946Mx(10mL/150mL) = 0.0005964M
Therefore, HCl = 0.0005964M.
Titration 2
Strong Acid HCl against the weak base NH3
Volume of NaOH Conductance
added(ml) (S)
0.00 283 12.50 108.7
0.500 281 13.0 110.5
1.0 273 13.5 111.3
1.50 265 14.0 112.1
2.0 255 14.5 112.1
2.50 249 15.0 112.1
3.0 240 15.5 112.2
3.50 233 16.0 112.2
4.0 225 16.5 112.2
4.50 215 17.0 112.2
5.0 208 17.5 112.5
5.50 200 18.0 112.5
6.0 192.0 18.5 112.5
6.50 182.9 19.0 112.6
7.0 175.9 19.5 112.6
7.5 168.3 20.0 112.6
8.0 158.1 20.5 112.7
8.50 152.0 21.5 112.7
9.0 145.8 22.0 112.7
9.5 137.2 22.5 112.7
10 129.7 23.0 112.7
10.5 126.2 23.5 112.7
11 119.3 24.0 112.7
11.5 111.6 24.5 112.7
 12.0 107.2 25.0 112.7

graph of strong Acid HCl versus a weak Base NH3

300
250
conductivity ()

200
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

volume of NH3 added mL

Calculations : Determination concentration of the weak base NH3

At equivalent point NH3 = (12mL , 107.2 )
Actual conductance = C = ((v+V)/V) x observed conductance = ((12+150)/150) x107.2
Actual conductance = 115.78
HCI = 0.0005964M (as calculated above), 150mL

MbVb = MaVa
Mb = 0.000596Mx(150mL/12mL) = 0.00745M
Therefore NH3 = 0.00745M
Titration 3
Result of weak Acetic acid versus the weak base ammonia
Volume of NaOH Conductance
added(ml) (S)
0.00 50.4 12.50 84.8
0.500 48.7 13.0 85.7
1.0 47.5 13.5 86.50
1.50 47.3 14.0 87.1
2.0 46.8 14.5 88.4
2.50 46.9 15.0 88.8
3.0 47.7 15.5 89.3
 3.50 47.7 16.0 89.3
4.0 48.8 16.5 89.3
4.50 48.8 17.0 89.6
5.0 50.8 17.5 89.6
5.50 51.4 18.0 89.60
6.0 52.8 18.5 89.7
6.50 54.8 19.0 89.7
7.0 56.7 19.5 90.1
7.5 58.8 20.0 90.2
8.0 60.7 20.5 90.4
8.50 62.9 21.5 90.4
9.0 65.1 22.0 90.5
9.5 67.5 22.5 90.60
10 69.9 23.0 90.60
10.5 72.4 23.5 91.00
11 74.4 24.0 91.10
11.5 76.2 24.5 91.2
12.0 83.3 25.0 91.2

Graph of result

graph of weak Acid against weak base

100
90
80
70
Conductivity ()

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
volume of NH3 added mL
Calculations: determination of concentration of weak acid against weak base.

NH3 at the equivalent point =(3.5mL , 47.7 )

Acetic acid = 150Ml
NH3 = 0.00745M (as calculated above)

Actual conductance = C = ((v+V)/V) x observed conductance = ((3.5+150)/150) x47.7

Actual conductance = 48.81
MaVa = MbVb
Ma = 0.00745Mx(3.5mL/150mL) = 0.00745M
Therefore, CH3OOH = 0.000173M

DISCUSSION
In order to get exact/accurate result, it is important to preserve the temperature
unchanged and the alternating of the volume during titration has to be as small as
possible. The titrant should to be about 10 times as strong as the solution being titrated
in order to keep the volume change little. If such condition is not met, a correction to
the readings is accomplished by multiplying the factor (V+v)/V by the conductivity
observed.
V+v
Ccorrection = ( )x Cobserved
V

Where V is the volume of the solution to be titrated and v is the final volume of the
titrant.
In order to get exact/accurate result, it is important to preserve the temperature
unchanged and the alternating of the volume during titration has to be as small as
possible. The titrant should to be about 10 times as strong as the solution being titrated
in order to keep the volume change little. If such condition is not met, a correction to
the readings is accomplished by multiplying the factor (V+v)/V by the conductivity
observed.
V+v
Ccorrection = ( )x Cobserved
V

Where V is the volume of the solution to be titrated and v is the final volume of the
titrant.
Titration of a strong Acid against a strong base

The equation for the reaction is as follows:

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
The net ionic equation is:
Na+ + OH- + 2 H+ + Cl- Na++Cl-+ H2O
As the sodium hydroxide is added the concentration hydrogen ions decreases
and are replace by alkali ion which is Sodium ions. The hydrogen ions have high
mobility compared to that of the sodium ions thus the conductivity of the
solution decreases until the end point is reached. At the end point only Na+ and
Cl- ions are present there and will have less conductance. An addition of the
alkali after nuetralisation results in an increase in conductivity because the
hydroxyl ions are no longer removed.
Titration of the strong base vs weak base
The conductance of the solution decreases because of the hydrogen ions
moving very quick and there are replaced by slow moving NH4+ ions
Titration of the weak acid and weak base
The conductance of for this reaction is low because of the poor dissociation of
the weak acid. It starts to move up after the acid is converted into salt. post
equivalent point the conductivity is almost the same