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HUSSERL
ET LE SENSDE L'HISTOIRE
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P. RIGC7R. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 281
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282 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
I
Rpugnance de la phnomnologietranscendantale
pour les considrations historiques.
Riendansl'uvreantrieure de Husserlne paratprparer une
inflexionde la phnomnologie dans le sensd'une philosophie de
l'histoire.On y voitpluttdes raisonsde ne jamaisrencontrer la
philosophie de l'histoire.
1. La phnomnologie transcendantale qui s'exprimedans les
Ideen,dans Formaleund transzendentale Logik,dans les Mdi-
tationscartsiennes, n'annule aucunement,mais intgred'une
manirespcialel le souci logiquequi commandaitles Logische
Untersuchungen. Or ce souci logiqueexclutun certainsens de
l'histoire.La leondes Etudeslogiques,en effet,est que le sens
d'une structure logique- au sens troitde la logiqueformelle,
mmelargien une mathesisuniversalis 2, ou au sens largedes
1. Sur ce rapportdu logicisme et de la phnomnologie
transcendantale,
cf."notre Introduction la traduction des Ideen I ( paratre prochainement).
2. Cf. Ideen I, 8 et 10.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 28&
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284 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 285
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286 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 287
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288 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICCJR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 289
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290 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE;
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 291
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292 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 293
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294 REVUE DET MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 295
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296 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE l' HISTOIRE. 297
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P. RICQR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 299
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300 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
de l'intriorit
: c'est en comprenant le mouvement de l'histoire
commehistoire de l'esprit,que la conscienceaccde son propre
sens; de mmeque la rflexion donnele guideintentionnel
pourlirel'histoire,on pourrait donnele guide
direque l'histoire
temporel pour reconnatre dans la^sonsciencela raisoninfinie
qui combat pour humaniser l'homme.
III
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 301
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302 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L*HISTOIRE. 303
1. KrisisII, S 9, p. 128.
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304 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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306 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
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P. RICUR. - HUSSERL ET LE SENS DE L'HISTOIRE. 307
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308 REVUE DE MTAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE.
IV
Remarques critiques.
Cesrflexions de Husserlsurle sensde l'histoire et surla fonc-
tionde l'histoire de la philosophie ontau moinsle mritede pro-
voquer une interrogation qui met en questionla possibilit mme
d'une philosophie de l'histoire.
Troisgroupesde questionsnoussollicitent :
Io Les premires portentsurle rledes idesdansl'histoire, et
singulirement surle rleconducteur de la philosophie dansl'his-
toirede l'Occident.Le lecteurest toutde suitefrappparle con-
trasteentrela pensede Husserlet cellede Marx.Toutefois, il ne
faudraitpas durcircetteopposition, si du moinson ne rduitpas
le marxisme sa caricature Uneconception
positiviste. dialectique
qui reste attentive au choc en retourdes idessurl'infrastructure
des socitsne peutmanquerde rflchir surles originesmmes
de l'outillagehumain: l'outilqui incarnela techniqueprocdede
la scienceetle projetmmede la sciencede la natureestli prcis-
ment ce projetd'ensembledont Husserlfaitl'exgsequand il
traitede la motivation des sciencesmathmatiques de la nature
chezGalile . Il y a doncun avnement de l'ide qui,jusqu' un
certainpoint,rendcompted'un aspect important de l'histoire.
Cettelectureest d'autantplus lgitimequ'elle faitpartiede la
responsabilit du philosophe qui,parle moyende cettecomprhen-
sion, exerce son mtier de philosophe.
Par contre,cettelecturede l'histoirecommehistoire des ides
exige,semble-t-il, de se critiquerelle-mme doublement: en se
confrontant sans cesse Vhistoire des historienset, d'autrepart,
en corrigeant rflexivement sa notionmmede Vide.
Le dialoguedu philosophede l'histoireavec le pur historien
paraits'imposer ds que l'on affirmeque l'ideestnonseulement
la tche,le devoir, mais la ralithistoriquede l'Occident.
11fautbien alors que la lectureproposesoit confronte avec
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