LOGICAL REASONING II (complete pap)

The following table shows the break-up of actual costs incurred by a company in last
five years (year 2002 to year 2006) to produce a particular product.

The production capacity of the company is 2000 units. The selling price for the year
2006 was Rs. 125 per unit. Some costs change almost in direct proportion to the
change in volume of production, while others do not follow any obvious pattern of
change with respect to the volume of production and hence are considered fixed.
Using the information provided for the year 2006 as the basis for projecting the
figures for the year 2007, answer the following questions.

YEAR 2002 YEAR 2003 YEAR 2004 YEAR 2005 YEAR 2006

Volume of 1000 900 1100 1200 1200

production
and sale
(units)

COSTS (RS.)

MATERIAL 50000 45100 55200 59900 60000

LABOUR 20000 18000 22100 24150 24000

CONSUMABLE 2000 2200 1800 1600 1400

S

RENT OF 1000 1000 1100 1100 1200

BUILDING

RATES AND 400 400 400 400 400

TAXES

REPAIR AND 800 820 780 790 800

MAINTENANC
E EXPENCES

OPERATING 30000 27000 33500 36020 36000

COSTS OF
MACHINE

SELLING AND 5750 5800 5800 5750 5800

MARKETING
PRICE

1.) What is the approximate cost per unit in rupees, if the company produces and
sells 1400 units in the year 2007?

A. 104

B. 107
C. 110

D. 115

E. 116

2.) What is the minimum number of units that the company needs to produce and
sell to avoid any loss?

A. 313

B. 350

C. 384

D. 747

E. 928

3.) Given that the company cannot sell more than 1700 units, and it will have to
reduce the price by Rs. 5 for all units, if it wants to sell more than 1400 units,
what is the maximum profit, in rupees, that the company can earn?

A. 25,400

B. 24,400

C. 31,400

D. 32,900

E. 32,000

4.) If the company reduces the price by 5%, it can produce and sell as many units
as it desires. How many units the company should produce to maximise its
profit?

A. 1400

B. 1600

C. 1800

D. 1900
E. 2000

A health-drink companys R&D department is trying to make various diet

formulations, which can be used for certain specific purposes. It is considering
a choice of 5 alternative ingredients (O, P, Q, R, and S), which can be used in
different proportions in the formulations. The table below gives the
composition of these ingredients. The cost per unit of each of these ingredients
is O: 150, P: 50, Q: 200, R: 500, S: 100.

COMPOSITION

INGREDIENT CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN % FAT % MINERALS %

%

O 50 30 10 10

P 80 20 0 0

Q 10 30 50 10

R 5 50 40 5

S 45 50 0 5

5.) The company is planning to launch a balanced diet required for growth needs of
adolescent children. This diet must contain at least 30% each of carbohydrate
and protein, no more than 25% fat and at least 5% minerals. Which one of the
following combinations of equally mixed ingredients is feasible?

A. O and P

B. R and S

C. P and S

D. Q and R

E. O and S

6.) For a recuperating patient, the doctor recommended a diet containing 10%
minerals and at least 30% protein. In how many different ways can we prepare
this diet by mixing at least two ingredients?

A. One

B. Two
C. Three

D. Four

E. None

7.) Which among the following is the formulation having the lowest cost per unit
for a diet having 10% fat and at least 30% protein? The diet has to be formed
by mixing two ingredients.

A. P and Q

B. P and S

C. P and R

D. Q and S

E. R and S

8.) In what proportion should P, Q and S be mixed to make a diet having at least
60% carbohydrate at the lowest per unit cost?

A. 2 : 1 : 3

B. 4 : 1 : 2

C. 2 : 1 : 4

D. 3 : 1: 2

E. 4 : 1 : 1

9.) The emission of sulfur dioxide when high-sulfur coal is burned is restricted by
law. New coal-burning plants usually comply with the law by installing expensive
equipment to filter sulfur dioxide from their emissions. These new plants could save
money by installing instead less expensive cleaning equipment that chemically
removes most sulfur from coal before combustion.

Which of the following, if known, would be most relevant to evaluating the claim
above about how new coal-burning plants could save money?
 A. Whether existing oil-burning plants are required to filter sulfur dioxide from
their emissions

B. Whether the expense of installing the cleaning equipment in a new plant is less
than the expense of installing the cleaning equipment in an older plant

C. Whether the process of cleaning the coal is more expensive than the process of
filtering the emissions

D. Whether lawful emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning plants are

damaging the environment

E. Whether existing plants that use the filtering equipment could replace this
equipment with the cleaning equipment and still compete with new plants that
install the cleaning equipment.

10) The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly
few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show
deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian
soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of
Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food propably explains the
low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were
exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.

B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the

process involved in making bread and beer.

C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the

infectious agents of this disease.

D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancients Nubians which
could have contained tetracycline.
 E. Typhus is generally fatal.

11.) Many small roads do not have painted markings along their edges. Clear edge
markings would make it easier for drivers to see upcoming curves and to judge the
car's position on the road, particularly when visibility is poor, and would therefore
seem to be a useful contribution to road safety. However, after Greatwater County
painted edge markings on all its narrow, winding roads the annual accident rate along
these roads actually increased slightly.

Which of the following if true, most helps to explain the increase in accident rate?

A. Greatwater County has an unusually high proportion of narrow, winding roads.

B. In bad weather it can be nearly as difficult for drivers to see the road as it is at
night.

C. Prior to the painting of edge markings, Greatwater County's narrow, winding

roads
already had a somewhat higher accident rate than other Greatwater County
roads.

D. Many of the accidents on narrow, winding roads involve a single vehicle

veering off
the road, rather than the collision of two vehicles.

E. After the markings were painted on the roads, many drivers who had gone out
of their
way to avoid driving on those roads at night no longer did so.

12.) In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when
they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by three percentage
points over the past ten years. Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees,
this decline is likely to have a noticeable negative economic effect on these
businesses.

Which of the follow, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire
than does any other state.
 B. The number of people who move out of Florida to accept employment in other
states has increased over the past ten years.

C. There are more local businesses in Florida that cater to tourists than there are
local businesses that cater to retirees.

D. The total number of people who retired and move to another state fro their
retirement has increased significantly over the past ten years.

E. The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another
state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.

13.) In Arumville, among those young children with elevated levels lead in their
blood, few leave in houses containing lead-based paint, but many leave in areas
where vehicular traffic is heavy. These children's elevated blood-lead levels probably
result from lead added to gas, since, although gasoline sold in and around Arumville
has been lead-free since 1990, lead from vehicle exhaust remains in the soil for many
years.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A. Sale of lead-based paint for use in homes was banned in Arumville in 1977.

B. Vehicle traffic in most residential areas of Arumville is heavier today than it

was
twenty years ago.

C. Some lead in the soil comes from deteriorating lead-based paint on the exterior
of
buildings.

D. In Arumville, children's blood-lead levels typically rise during the warm

summer
months when children frequently play outdoors but not in the winter when
children
spend more time indoors.
 E. If improperly carried out, the removal of lead-based paint from older houses
can
significantly the risk that children living in such houses will ingest lead dust.

Instructions : (questions 14-18), In each question below are given one statement and
two assumptions I and II. Examine the statements and shade the correct assumption
which is implicit in the statement using the following codes.

Codes:

A. If only assumption I is implicit.

B. If only assumption II is implicit.

C. If either I or II is implicit.

D. If neither I nor II is implicit.

14.) Statement : The patient's condition would improve after operation. Assumptions:
I. The patient can be operated upon in this condition. II. The patient cannot be
operated upon in this condition

15.)
Statement : Detergents should be used to clean cloths.

Assumptions: I. Detergent form more lather.

II. Detergent helps to dislodge grease and dirt.

16.)
Statement : "As there is a great demand, every person seeking ticket of the
programme will be given only five tickets".

Assumptions: I. The organisers are not keen on selling the tickets.

II.. No one is interested in getting more than five tickets.

17.)
Statement : Double your money in five months- An advertisement.

Assumptions: I. The assurance is not genuine.

II. People want their money to grow.
18.)
Statement : Films have become indispensable for the entertainment of people

Assumptions: I. Films are the only media of entertainment.

II. People enjoy films.

Instructions: (questions 19-23), Each question below contains a Statement and two
Courses of Action I and II. Assuming the statement to be true, decide which of the two
suggested Course of Action logically follows, using the Code given below.

Code:

A. If only I follow.

B. If only II follow.

C. If either I or II follow.
D. If neither I nor II follow

19.)

Statement: one of the problems facing the food processing industry is the irregular
supply of raw material. The producers of raw materials are not getting a reasonable
price.

Courses of Action: I. The government should regulate the supply of raw material to
other industries also.

II. The government should announce an attractive package to ensure regular supply of
raw material for food processing industry.

20.)

Statement: The Officer In-charge of a Company had a hunch that some money was
missing from the safe.

Course of Action: I. He should get it recounted with the help of the staff and check it
with the balance sheet.
II. He should inform the police.

21.)
Statement: If the retired Professors of the same Institutes are also invited to deliberate
on restructuring of the organisation, their contribution may be beneficial to the
Institute.

Course of Action: I. Management may seek opinion of the employees before calling
retired Professors.

II. Management should involve experienced people for the systematicrestructuring of

the organisation.

22.)

Statement: The sale of a particular product has gone down considerably causing great
concern to the company.

Course of Action: I. The company should make a proper study of rival products in the
market.

II. The price of the product should be reduced and quality improved.

23.)
Statement: Mr. X, an active member of the Union, often insults his superiors in the
office with his rude behaviour.

Course of Action: I. He should be transferred to some other department.

II. The matter should be referred to the Union.

The logic problems in this set present you with three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2,
and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled I, II, and III), and you
must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact. One or two of the statements
could be true; all of the statements could be true; or none of the statements could be
true. Choose your answer based solely on the information given in the first three
facts.

24.) Fact1:Jessica has four children.

Fact 2: Two of the children have blue eyes and two of the children have brown eyes.
Fact 3: Half of the children are girls.
If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a
fact?
I. At least one girl has blue eyes.

II. Two of the children are boys.

III. The boys have brown eyes.

A. II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. None of the statements is a known fact.

25.) Fact1:All hats have brims.

Fact 2: There are black hats and blue hats.
Fact 3: Baseball caps are hats.

If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a
fact?

I. All caps have brims.

II. Some baseball caps are blue.

III. Baseball caps have no brims.

A. I only

B. II only
C. I, II, and III

D. None of the statements is a known fact.

26.) Fact 1: All chickens are birds.

Fact2: Some chickens are hens.

Fact 3: Female birds lay eggs.

If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a
fact?
I. All birds lay eggs.

II. Hens are birds.

III. Some chickens are not hens.

A. II only

B. II and III only

C. I, II, and III

D. None of the statements is a known fact.

27.) Fact1:Most stuffed toys are stuffed with beans.

Fact 2: There are stuffed bears and stuffed tigers.

Fact 3: Some chairs are stuffed with beans.

If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a
fact?

I. Only childrens chairs are stuffed with beans.

II. All stuffed tigers are stuffed with beans

III. Stuffed monkeys are not stuffed with beans.

A. I only
B. II only

C. II and III only

D. None of the statements is a known fact

28.) Fact1:Pictures can tell a story.

Fact 2: All storybooks have pictures.

Fact 3: Some storybooks have words.

If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a
fact?
 I. Pictures can tell a story better than words can.

II. The stories in storybooks are very simple.

III. Some storybooks have both words and

pictures.

A. I only

B. II only

C. III only

D. None of the statements is a known fact.

Five townsFulton, Groton, Hudson, Ivy, and Jerseywhich are covered by the
same newspa- per, all have excellent soccer teams. The teams are named the
Panthers, the Whippets, the Antelopes, the Kangaroos, and the Gazelles. The sports
reporter, who has just started at the news- paper, has to be careful not to get them
confused. Here is what she knows:

The team in Fulton has beaten the Antelopes, Panthers, and Kangaroos.

The Whippets have beaten the teams in Jersey, Hudson, and Fulton.

The Antelopes are in Groton.

The team in Hudson is not the Kangaroos.

29.) Where are the Whippets?

A. Fulton
B. Groton
C. Hudson
D. Ivy
E. Jersey

30.) Where are the Panthers?

A. Ivy
B. Jersey
C. Fulton
D. Groton
E. Hudson

31.) What team is in Fulton?

A. Panthers
B. Gazelles

C. Whippets

D. Kangaroos

E. Antelopes

Henri delivers flowers for a local florist. One lovely day, he left the windows open on
the delivery van and the cards all blew off the bouquets. He has to figure out who gets
which flowers. He has five bouquets, each of which has only one kind of flower:
daisies, roses, carnations, iris, and gladioli. He has five cards with names on them: a
birthday card for Inez, a congratulations-on- your-promotion card for Jenny, a
graduation card for Kevin, an anniversary card for Liz, and a housewarming card for
Michael. Heres what Henri knows:

Roses are Jennys favorite flower and what her friends always send.

Gladioli are traditionally sent for a housewarming.

Kevin is allergic to daisies and iris.

Liz is allergic to daisies and roses.
Neither Liz nor Inez has moved recently.

32.) Which flowers should be delivered to Kevin?

A. carnations
B. iris

C. gladioli

D. daisies

E. roses

33.) Who should get the housewarming gladioli?

A. Jenny

B. Kevin

C. Liz

D. Michael
E. Inez

34.) Which flowers should be delivered to Liz?

A. gladioli

B. daisies

C. roses

D. carnations
E. iris

FACTS, INFERENCE AND JUDGEMENT , Choose the appropriate option

35.)

1) In its 15th report, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Law and Justice has
recommended creation of an all India judicial service (AIJS) on the pattern
of the All India Civil Services and directed the Law Ministry to take
immediate steps for setting up such a service.

2) As of now, while most government departments have all India service recruits,
selected after an all India competitive examination conducted by the Union
Public Service Commission every year, the judiciary is the only set-up that
does not have an all India selection process.
3) In this scheme of things, the measure of uniformity in the standards for selection
will improve the quality of personnel in different High Courts.
(4) The quality of dispensation of justice will also improve considerably right from
the bottom to the top.

A. FIJI
B. FFJJ
C. FIIJ
D. FFJI
E. JIIJ

36.)
1. Recently nicotine, the main chemical additive in cigarettes, was declared addictive
by the Food and Drug Administration.
2. This explains why smokers continue to use cigarettes even though smokers are
aware of the constantly warned about health dangers in cigarettes.
3. Studies show that this year alone cigarettes will kill over 420,000 Americans, and
many more will suffer from cancers, and circulatory and respiratory system
diseases.
4. Thus, its high time that cigarettes be banned in the country.

A. FIJI
B. FFJJ
C. FIIJ
D. FIFJ

37.) Look at this series: 0.15, 0.3, __, 1.2, 2.4, . . . What number should fill the blank?

A. 4.8
B. 0.006
C. 0.6

D. 0.9

38.) Look at this series: 1/9 .1/3,1,__,9,What number should fill the blank?

A. 2/3

B. 3

C. 6

D. 27

The six top songs (not in order) of 1968 were:

People Got to Be Free by The Rascals

Sittin on the Dock of the Bay by Otis Redding Honey by Bobby Goldsboro
Sunshine of Your Love by Cream
Love Is Blue by Paul Mauriat & His Orchestra Hey Jude by The Beatles

Here are some rules about the order of the songs:

The Beatles and Cream do not appear next to each other on the list.

The number 1 song is not Love Is Blue.

The songs by individual artists are numbers 3 and 4.
The Rascals appear right before Cream and right after Otis Redding.

39.) Which of the following is true?

A. Song #3 is Honey by Bobby Goldsboro.

B. Song #6 is Hey Jude by the Beatles.

C. Song #1 is Sittin on the Dock of the Bay by Otis Redding.

D. Song #1 is Sunshine of Your Love by Cream.

E. Song #3 is Sittin on the Dock of the Bay by Otis Redding.

40.) Which of the following is the correct order of songs?

A. Honey, Love Is Blue, People Got to Be Free, Sunshine of Your Love,
Sittin on the Dock of the Bay, Hey Jude
B. Love Is Blue, Hey Jude, Honey, Sittin on the Dock of the Bay, People
Got to Be Free, Sunshine of Your Love

C. Sunshine of Your Love, People Got to Be Free, Sittin on the Dock of the
Bay, Honey, Love Is Blue, Hey Jude

D. Hey Jude, Love Is Blue, Honey, Sittin on the Dock of the Bay, People
Got to Be Free, Sunshine of Your Love

E. Honey, Sittin on the Dock of the Bay, Hey Jude, Sunshine of Your
Love, People Got to Be Free, Love Is Blue