BENEFIT AND DANGEROUS OF RADIOISOTOPES

Watch the youtube video according to the given url or any other related materials.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doQW4bD4CPs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VR4jDgiq35s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ezGpadWDn0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxzJNBp6bJk&t=189s

1. Not less than 50 words, state the field where radioisotopes are used and
explain at least five examples.
2. What about nuclear weapons? Please comment.
1.Radioisotopes are used in essential part of radiopharmaceuticals. They have been
used routinely in medicine. Five examples of radioactive isotopes that used in
medicine and its applications :

?Cobalt-60
BENEFITS = Radiation therapy to prevent cancer.
DANGEROUS = can cause death in some circumstances, if too much is absorbed.

?Iodine-131
BENEFIT = Locate brain tumors, monitor cardiac, liver and thyroid.
DANGEROUS = Potential for stunning prior to therapy.

?Technetium-99
BENEFITS = Bone and brain imaging.

?Sodium-24
BENEFITS = Study blood circulation.

?Thallium-24
BENEFITS = Determine damage in heart tissue, detection of tumors.

2. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from
nuclear reactions, either fission (fissionbomb) or from a combination of fission
and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb). Both bomb types release large quantities
of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.

There was many benefit of radioisotopes regarding 5 example in medicine sector

respectively.

first was Chromium-5:Used to label red blood cells and quantify gastro-intestinal
protein loss.

second was Iron-59:Used in studies of iron metabolism in the spleen.

Third was Potassium-42:Used for the determination of exchangeable potassium in

coronary blood flow.

Fourth Rhenium-188:Used to beta irradiate coronary arteries from an angioplasty

balloon.

Fifth was Xenon-133:Used for pulmonary (lung) ventilation studies.

In my opinion, the nuclear weapon should be banned completely in this world

because it is very dangerous to biological life in this world especially human and
animal which cause mutation cell for human being for example nagasaki and hiroshima
atomic bomb incident.besides nuclear weapon will totally destroy the nature of
ecosystem balance which cause plant and animal including human being maybe lead to
extinction. Finally, the nuclear bomb will make the world always in war status
which is the worst in order to protect biological liferigh

1) This is advantage and disadvantage of radioisotope in medical:

- Gamma rays which is the Co60 is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroids.

- The (P32) radio phosphorus and the I-123 are ideal in the treatment and diagnosis
of cancer like are leukemia and tumours.

- The radio sodium, Na24 in the state of sodium chloride is used by scientists and
doctors to study the circulation of blood around the body.
- In medicine the diagnosis, tracing and treatment of medical illness are profound
and put into practise with less expenses going on to on research and studies.

- Disadvantage radioisotope is can damage normal tissue.

2) In my opinion the radioisotope bombardment as a weapon is so dangerous that not

only can it bring a nation even harm the health of a universal human being.

Some good uses of radioisotopes are as a smoke detectors, agricultural

applications, radioactive tracers, food irradiation, irradiation in pest control,
archaeological dating and medical uses to diagnose tumor/cancer cell.

Some example of radioisotopes used are molybdenum-99 which is used as the

'parent' in a generator to produce technetium-99. Besides, cobalt-60 are formely
used for external beam radiotherapy. Copper-64 are used to study genetic diseases
affecting copper metabolism, such as Wilson's and Menke's diseases. Other than
that, erbium-169 are used for relieving arthritis pain in synovial joints and
holmium-166 was developed for diagnosis and treatment of liver tumours.

However, the disadvantages are it can cause cancer when humans are exposed to
high levels of radiation. It can penetrate through our skin and kill blood cells.
This will lead to mutation.

Graph 1: Neutron Number vs. Atomic Number

9. Graph the neutron number vs. the atomic number. For reference, plot the line
N = Z on the same graph.

10. Copy your graph to a word document. Save it.

Graph 2: Binding energy vs. nucleon number

11. Graph Binding energy vs. nucleon number. Copy to your document.

Graph 3: Binding energy per nucleon vs. nucleon number

12. Graph the binding energy per nucleon vs. nucleon number; copy it to your
document.
13. Print the entire data table and the graphs and answer the following
questions.