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B. Anjaiah1, S. Sridhar2
1PG Scholar, Dept. Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, JNTUACEA, Anantapuramu, A.P., India
2Asst.Professor, Dept. Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, JNTUACEA, Anantapuramu, A.P., India
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ABSTRACT- In order to get the high performance of modulation (SVM), duty cycle control and model
induction motor drives model predictive torque control predictive control (MPC). Among these methods, MPC was
can be consider as one of the best scheme. When recently introduced as an effective alternative to the
compared with direct torque control (DTC), MPTC is conventional DTC and has drawn increased attention from
accurate in its voltage vector selection by employing both academic and industrial communities.
system model directly with the finite switching states. Due
to the limited number of voltage vectors in the two level The application of model predictive control (MPC)
inverter fed induction motor drives the sampling in electrical drives includes model predictive current
frequency should be maintained high for MPTC to get the control (MPCC) and model predictive torque control
good performances. By using MPTC we get the active (MPTC). Compared with the predictive current controller
vector and its vector duration is determined by different in rotor field oriented control methods which requires
methods separately. By doing separate calculations of rotary transformation, MPTC is performed in stationary
these two are cascaded, A poor low speed performance frame, hence it is much simpler. MPTC (model predictive
can be obtained by cascading the voltage vector torque control) can achieve less torque ripples than MPCC
calculation and its vector duration. In this situation to get (model predictive current control), because the torque is
better performance the sampling frequency still has to be directly controlled in MPTC. For high-performance drives,
maintained high. To reduce these type of problems an torque control rather than current control is more of
optimal duty cycle control is introduced in MPTC by concern, so in this paper MPTC is studied.
inserting a null vector along with the selected voltage
vector to reduce the torque ripple. In the advanced MPTC In DTC the switching table is used and it can be
with optimal duty cycle control method both the voltage replaced by an accurate system model in MPTC. MPTC can
vector selection and its duration done simultaneously in directly predict the evolution of variables concerned, such
order to reduce the torque and flux errors. By doing this as torque and stator flux. By evaluating the influence of
simultaneous operation we get the better steady state each possible voltage vector, the one minimizing the
performance at both low and high speeds even the torque and flux errors is selected as the best voltage
sampling frequency is reduced by its half of the original vector. By doing this the vector selected from MPTC is
value. more accurate and effective than that from conventional
DTC. Apart from its intuitive concept and fast dynamic
INDEX TERMS: Direct torque control (DTC) , Model response, the high flexibility of MPTC also allows the
predictive torque control (MPTC), Induction motor controller to take system non-linearitys and constraints
(IM). into account such as neutral point voltage balance,
restricting large starting current and reactive power
1. INTRODUCTION control. The advantages of MPTC make it a powerful
approach when high-performance control of motor drives
The direct torque control (DTC) is a powerful control is required. However, as the number of voltage vectors
scheme for ac machines which will suitable for variable provided by a two-level inverter is rather limited (only
speed drives especially in cases where torque control is eight vectors), the torque and flux ripples obtained from
more important than speed control. In DTC the voltage conventional MPTC are higher than those obtained from a
vector selection is done directly from predefined multilevel inverter or a matrix converter.
switching table according to the position of stator flux and
error signs of both flux and torque. The advantages of the In order to improve the steady-state performance
DTC are fast transient torque response and it is having a of MPTC, the sampling frequency has to be high, which
simple structure. Due to the hysteresis characteristics of requires high computational ability. Furthermore, high
control algorithm, DTC has two drawbacks. First, variable amount of calculation is required in MPTC due to the
switching frequency and the second one is high flux and predictions of both stator flux and current for each voltage
torque ripples. To remedy this problems different vector. Hence, in MPTC improving the steady torque
strategies are employed those are space vector
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1623
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
performance and reducing the control complexity have Furthermore, control delay caused by digital processing is
become important constraints. compensated and the strategy of pre excitation is
implemented to avoid large starting current while
In DTC, it has been known that high torque ripple obtaining sufficient starting torque. The proposed MPTC
is partly caused by the application of a single voltage With duty cycle is compared with conventional MPTC and
vector during the whole control period. In MPTC, although the improved MPTC. Simulation and experimental results
the selected vector is more accurate and effective in prove that, better steady-state performance is achieved for
reducing torque and flux errors, applying a single voltage the proposed MPTC especially in the low-speed range,
vector during the whole control period still fails to reduce even if the sampling frequency is reduced by half.
the torque and flux errors to the minimal value. In DTC by
inserting null vector along with voltage vector during one II. DYNAMIC EQUATIONS OF IM
control period achieve moderate and accurate torque
ripple reduction. The null vector generally produces The dynamic equations of IM with stator flux and stator
small variations on both torque and flux. Hence, it is currents as state variables can be expressed in
possible to reduce the torque ripple by allocating a stationary frame
fraction of control period to an appropriate null vector.
This Principle has been widely studied in DTC and various (1)
methods have been proposed to obtain the duration of the
selected vector, for example, torque ripple minimization, Where X=[( ] are state variables, u = us is the
deadbeat torque control and mean torque control. stator voltage vector, and
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1624
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
( ) (8)
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
1) Stator currents and rotor speed are measured. 3. Proposed MPTC with optimal duty cycle control:
2) These measurements are used for prediction of torque
and stator flux for all seven different voltage vectors
3) The seven predictions are evaluated using the cost
function (Cost function block).
4) The voltage vector that minimizes the cost function is
selected and applied in the machine terminals.
2. Conventional MPTC
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
a nonzero voltage vector ui , as introduced in (7) and (8). 4) prediction of the load currents for the next sampling
Solving (15), the optimal duration for the active instant tk+2 for all possible switching states;
vector can be obtained as 5) evaluation of the cost function for each prediction;
6) Selection of the switching state that minimizes the cost
( ) function.
= (16)
A simple solution to compensate this delay is to take into in Section III-A, which provides initial values for the state
account the calculation time and apply the selected variables at (k + 1)th instant. The predictions of is(k+1)
switching state after the next sampling instant. This way, and s(k + 1) are subsequently executed according to (4).
the control algorithm is modified as follows: The final value of s (k + 2) and Te(k+2) are obtained from
(4) and (13) by replacing the kth and (k+1)th variables
1) measurement of the load currents; with the (k+1)th and (k+2)th variables. Note that the
2)application of the switching state (calculated in the prediction of is (k + 2) is no longer required due to the
previous interval); simplification in (13). After compensation of the one-step
3) estimation of the value of the currents at time tk+1, delay, the final cost function in (11) should be updated
considering the applied switching state; with the variables at (k+2)th instant. The overall flow
chart of the proposed MPTC with optimal duty cycle
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1627
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
D. Machine magnetization
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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V. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1630