Maths Textbook - Answers PDF

HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 513 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM
Answers
Solutions to Laugh Zones, Maths in Actions, Maths@Works, 14 (a) 700 (b) 966
Problem solving tasks, Investigations, VELS Design Tasks, 15 (a) 18 (b) 20%
VELS Assignments, DIY Summaries and Challenge Maths are 16 (a) (i) 120 (ii) 96 (b) (i) 390 (ii) 273
available in the Teacher Edition and Teacher Worked Solutions. (c) Increasing by a certain percentage and then
decreasing by the same percentage does not get you
Chapter 1 back to where you started.
17 (a) (i) 125 (ii) 100 (b) (i) 400 (ii) 300
Prep zone (p. 2) (c) Multiplying by a certain ratio and then applying
1 (a) 0.17 (b) 0.057 (c) 0.00321 the reverse ratio gets you back to where you started.
79 3 7
2 (a) --------
- (b) -----------
- (c) ---------
100 1000 500 Exercise 1.2 (p. 13)
3 (a) 3 3--4- 15
2-
(b) 2 ----- (c) 1 2--5- (d) 1 11
------
16 1 (a) $20.40 (b) $38.40 (c) $262.50
4 (a) 8.7 (b) 9.1 (c) 7.8 (d) 206.67 2 B
5 (a) 3:5 6 2:1 7 Anh $15, Kiao $5 3 (a) 16.7% profit (b) 28.6% profit (c) 3.7% loss
8 (a) 1m (b) 6.35 km (c) 3.982 cm (d) 5.3% loss 4 C
9 (a) 65 (b) 48 5 (a) $69.60 (b) $96 (c) $520.80
(d) $6259.20
Exercise 1.1 (p. 6) 6 6.01% profit
5- 7 (a) $2.00 (b) $27.57 (c) $295.68 (d) $42.05
1 (a) 17
-------- (b) 1 ----- (c) 5 24
------ (d) 4 1---
20 12 35 3 8 (a) $40 (b) $60 (c) $91.76 (d) $78.82
(e) 1 20
------ 1-
(f) 5 ----- (g) 2 1--2- (h) 7-
1 ----- (i) 52
------ 9 D 10 E 11 $735 12 $88.80
57 12 25 99
13 14.9% profit 14 18.7% profit 15 $15.71
2 (a) 21.96 (b) 18.52 (c) 0.314 (d) 0.75 16 (a) $16.80 (b) $21
(e) 1.8125 (f) 11.43 (g) 14.3902 17 (a) Students own answers but will need to be
(h) 10.0256 (i) 0.104 between 19.9% and 24.9%. (b) Students own
3 (a) 2.4 (b) 3.125 (c) 12.875 (d) 21.8 answers but will need to be between 18.3% discount
(e) 123.75 (f) 321.375 on $3000 to a 23.4% discount on $3200.
4 (a) 2 153
--------- (b) 7 149
--------- (c) 15 1011
------------ (d) 19 4993
------------ 18 (a) (i) $1090 (ii) $600 (iii) 31.2% discount
200 200 1250 5000
(e) 453 61
------ (f) 632 1631
------------ (b) $7857
80 2500
19 (a) 39.4% profit (b) $120 370 (c) $137 670
5 D 6 C
7 (a) 33.33% (b) 20% (c) 33.33% Exercise 1.3 (p. 19)
(d) 18.18% (e) 15% (f) 31.25% 1 (a) 27 (b) 38 (c) 512 (d) p9 (e) 6x6
(g) 35.56% (h) 17.5% (i) 37.65% (f) 11y 16 (g) 3j 11 (h) 72e 6 (i) 14m8
8 (a) 1725 (b) 1875 (c) 2175 (d) 3300 2 (a) a9b2 (b) g4h7 (c) e11f 2 (d) m11n11
9 (a) 1980 (b) 1320 (c) 748 (d) 110 (e) p3q4 (f) t8u10 (g) 5v13w3 (h) 9x3y7
10 (a) $40 (b) $70 (c) 2200 minutes (i) 12a b 9 10 (j) 56c d 14 14 (k) 6e f 7 (l) 54g6h8
10
(d) 300 minutes 3 (a) 72 (b) 35 (c) 23 (d) 5a4 (e) 5g4
11 (a) E (b) B (c) C 2 11 2 e4 f2
(f) 3h (g) 4c (h) 12d (i) ---- (j) ---
12 Any number divisible by 3 between 45 and 84 6 9
inclusive j 3k 3 7 3 2
9-
(k) --- (l) ------ (m) 5m n (n) 6v w
13 (a) 0.5, 50%, 1 : 2 (b) -----
20
, 45%, 9 : 20 3 11
x y2 2 a7b2
18 2---
(c) ------ ,
25
0.72, 18 : 25 (d) 5
, 0.4, 40% (o) ---------- (p) ---------- (q) 6c4d 2 (r) 3e6f 6
4 7
14 3---
(e) ------ , 56%, 14 : 25 (f) , 0.375, 37.5%
25 8 x8y2z2 ab 8 c 6 p2q5r3
(s) --------------- (t) ------------- (u) ---------------
5 9 4
ans w e rs 513
4 (a) C (b) C Exercise 1.5 (p. 27)

5 (a) 22 52 (b) 2 32 7 (c) 22 3 61 1 $1530 2 $179.90 3 B 4 E 5 A
(d) 22 33 5 (e) 22 33 (f) 34 52 6 $527.05 7 D
(g) 22 17 (h) 32 52 7 8 (a) $771 (b) $555.15 (c) $331.35
6 Coefficients must be 2 and 6, 1 and 12 or 3 and 4. (d) $187.50 9 E
Sample answers: 2x7 6y3; x3y 12x4y2
10 (a) 8 --13- % (b) 6 --23- % (c) 22% 11 $713
6y 10
7 (a) x16, x4 - , 6y 3
(b) --------- 12 (a) $1700 (b) $2600 (c) $3450 (d) $4350
y7
(e) $4950 (f) $6000 13 $89.76
t
8 (a) x9 (b) --- (c) 12a8 (d) 2q3 (e) c7 14 Adam: $433.20; Britta: $444.60; Con: $433.20;
3 Deng: $307.80
f3 2x 2 15 (a) $900, $1956.75, $23 481
(f) j 5 (g) --- (h) q6 (i) --------
8 5 (b) $335, $1456.69, $17 480.30
9 (a) A (b) C (c) $622.84, $1245.69, $2708.33
10 (a) a3 + 3a (b) 42k3 7k4 (c) b4 + ab (d) $725, $3152.54, $37 830.50
(d) 45p4 + 5p5 (e) 18x3 + 24x7 (f) 12v3 24v8 (e) $832.50, $1665.01, $43 440
(g) 25xy3 10y9 (h) 45p4 + 18p3q5 (f) $1360, $2956.87, $35 482.40
(i) 15s2t3 6s4 16 $150 000
11 51 5 17 (a) 40 hours (b) 44 hours (c) 50 hours
52 25 (d) 19 hours overtime is exactly the same
18 (a) (i) $78.75 (ii) $1057.50 (b) $2937.50
53 125
19 (a) Option A: $40 000; Option B: $35 714
54 625
(b) $25 000 (c) If Bruce expects sales less than
55 3 125 $25 000 per week he should choose Option A
56 15 625
57 78 125 Exercise 1.6 (p. 36)
58 390 625 1 (a) $683.30 (b) $3123.45 2 $507.92
59 1 953 125 3 (a) $0 (b) $225 (c) $975 (d) $2100
510 9 765 625 (e) $11 460 (f) $13 859.7 (g) $15 360
(h) $23 118 4 B 5 E
511 48 828 125
6 (a) $44 765 (b) $9289.5
512 244 140 625
7 (a) Answers need to be less than $45 550.
513 1 220 703 125 (b) Answer will be less than $9525.
514 6 103 515 625 8 (a) $32 769.04 (b) $31 904.04 (c) $5431.21
(a) 15 625 (b) 78 125 (c) 6 103 515 625 9 (a) $12 210 (b) $1044.46 (c) $234
(d) 1 953 125 (e) 125 (f) 3125 (d) $5754.9 (e) $1635
(g) 15 625 (h) 15 625 (i) 390 625 10 (a) $21 060 (b) 26% (c) $15 720 (d) 20%
(e) $5340 (f) If the income was split with their
Exercise 1.4 (p. 23) spouse/partner each individual would get the benefit
1 (a) 1 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) b2 (e) c3 (f) k of the tax-free threshold. There is a flaw in the tax
(g) 3a4 (h) 8g 11 system as applied to sole income earners.
2 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 3x4 (d) k8 (e) a3 Exercise 1.7 (p. 40)
3f 2 5s 9
(f) 3 (g) ------- (h) ------- 1 $297
4 9
2 (a) $176 (b) $37.80 (c) $132.84 (d) $10.20
3 All answers must contain x3. (e) $2234.40 (f) $453.75
4 (a) 4096 (b) 531 441 (c) a12 (d) b21 3 B 4 $13 427.13 5 B
(e) x9 (f) 70 = 1 (g) k0 = 1 (h) p0 = 1 6 (a) $3.93 (b) $7.59 (c) $1.08 (d) $2.58
5 (a) y17 (b) k27 (c) m20 (d) y23 7 (a) $2.03 (b) $1.04 8 (a) $1.37 (b) $0.23
(e) m 12 (f) f 20
9 8.9% 10 22.8% 11 5.8 years
6 Values for m and n must multiply to give 24. 12 B 13 B
7 (a) 1 (b) 3--5- (c) 4--7- (d) 1 (e) 5--2- 14 (a) 9.0% (b) 14.0% (c) 11.5% (d) 10.0%
5 15 (a) 7.9 years (b) 3.8 years (c) 5.3 years
e6 d q
(f) ---- (g) ------ (h) ------ (d) 2.2 years
6 10 15 16 (a) $200 (b) $1350 (c) $2129.61
8 (a) C (b) B (d) $42 760.85
9 (a) m3 (b) p14 (c) k3 (d) n10 17 $1455.23 18 (a) $45 (b) $2400
10 (a) A (b) C 19 $8036 20 (a) $4.36 (b) $2.71
11 (a) 7 (b) 18 (c) 10 (d) 7 (e) 3 (f) 1 21 (a) (i) $0.74 (ii) $3.29 (b) $2.55
514 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

22 207 days (b) Card B is better if you think you will need to
23 $24 000 24 $36 930.46 25 $4657.14 have some on-going debt associated with your
26 Sample answers: R = 4%, T = 2; R = 8%, T = 1 credit card. With this card you get more days without
27 (a) interest being charged.
Balance
Jul 1 Balance $975 Chapter review (p. 58)
17 Deposit $197 $1172 1 (a) 2 1--- (b) 1-
1 ----- (c) 2 14
------ (d) 33
------
6 20 15 50
28 Withdrawal $641 $531
2 (a) $52.50 (b) $26.24 (c) $237 500 3 E
Aug 1 Deposit $299 $830
4 (a) 12x15 (b) 5x4 (c) 45a7b11 (d) 2a3b2
19 Deposit $862 $1692
5 (a) x12 (b) q26 (c) 4 (d) 7--5-
Sep 6 Deposit $194 $1710
6 (a) $59.15 (b) $101.40 (c) $29.58
(d) $80.28
7 (a) $0 (b) $10 227 (c) $14 694
Oct 16 Deposit $426 $1336
8 (a) (i) $1.11 (ii) $0.58 (b) $0.53
9 C 10 (a) $16 (b) 5 weeks
31 Balance $936
11 (a) $735 (b) $171 12 $7.75
(b) July $531; August $531; September $910; 13 (a) 16 700 (b) 23 380 (c) 40%
October $910 (c) $6.60 14 (a) $105 (b) $94.50 (c) 26% 15 $945.75
(d) July $975; August $531; September $1516; 16 (a) $44 874.80 (b) $43 434.80 (c) $8890.44
October $910 (e) $9.01 (f) 36.5% increase 17 (a) $5750 (b) $958.33 18 $2700
(g) The timing of withdrawals needs to be carefully 19 (a) $2062.50 (b) 10 years 20 $625
considered as even the small changes seen in this 21 (a)
question have resulted in significant increases in the State/
Vic NT SA WA Tas Qland ACT NSW
amount of interest earned. Territory
28 (a) $2250 (b) $17 250 (c) $479.17 (d) 13% Rate (%) 3.83 3.4 3.42 2.92 2.84 2.8 2.76 2.75
(e) $1500 (f) $1000
(g) Part (e) assumes the $15 000 is owed for the (b) $400 000: 4.9% $600 000: 5.28%
whole 3 years whereas part (f) doesnt. (c) (i) $2440 (ii) $4960 (iii) $11 260
(iv) $77 000 (d) (i) $2340 (ii) $3915
Exercise 1.8 (p. 50) (iii) $7590 (iv) $62 490 (e) Certainly all of the
1 (a) $4 (b) $5.50 (c) $10 (d) 15.25 examples shown here indicate that Victoria is higher.
2 (a) (i) $18 (ii) 5 weeks However, NSW seems to collect stamp duty for
(b) (i) $9 (ii) 4 weeks properties of all values while Victoria starts at $20 000.
(c) (i) $60 (ii) 6 weeks 22 (a) $10 794 (b) $8095.50 (c) $1169.80
(d) (i) $34 (ii) 5 weeks (d) $3147 (e) $6477.20
3 (a) $3 (b) $72 (f) Within a further two years
4 (a) $2050.40 (b) (i) $1250 (ii) $1313
Replay (p. 62)
5 Students own answers, but the cost price will
always be seven times the payment. 1 (a) 6 h 45 min (b) 8 h 32 min
6 (a) (i) $1890 (ii) $12 502 2 (a) 55 (b) 2 2 3 (c) 2 3 7
3 (a) 33 (b) 47 (c) 7
(b) $2667.50 (c) 4 years
4 (a) 78 (b) 42 (c) 1
Exercise 1.9 (p. 55) 5 (a) 5 : 2 (b) 11 : 21 (c) 3 : 8
1 (a) $4.21 (b) $3.38 (c) $0.98 (d) $1.74 6 (a) 4
------
15
(b) 7 1--2- (c) 6
(e) $4.78 (f) $1.79 7 (a) 2, 5, 11, 23, 47, 95, 191
2 B 3 (a) $5.97 (b) $5.70 (b) 80, 55, 30, 5, 20, 45, 70
4 (a) $25 (b) $25 (c) $71.25 (d) $62.63 8 (a) 20.2 cm (b) 36 cm (c) 23 cm
(e) $30 (f) $108.75 9 (a) 21.3 cm2 (b) 60 cm2 (c) 26.5 cm2
5 (a) (i) $100 (ii) $1055 (b) (i) $65 (ii) $705 10 (a) x = 11 (b) x = 7 3 1---
(c) x = 15
(c) (i) $120 (ii) $1255 (d) (i) $245 (ii) $2505 1 1 1
6 (a) $893 (b) $226 11 (a) ---
4
(b) ------
13
(c) ------
52
12 5
7 (a) Answers must be $375 or less.
(b) Answers will be $3.14 or less. Chapter 2
8 (a) $5247 (b) $2572 (c) $6590
9 (a) If you were able to pay your credit card bill Prep zone (p. 66)
completely each month then Card A is the better 1 (a) 72.1 (b) 18 210 (c) 15.7123
choice. (d) 0.000 074
2 (a) 6 (b) 32 (c) 0 (d) 140
ans w e rs 515
3 (a) (i) 5 m (ii) 1.6 mm (iii) 15.1 cm Exercise 2.4 (p. 87)
(b) (i) 16 m (ii) 9 mm (iii) 62.1 cm 1 (a) 117 cm2 (b) 120 mm2 (c) 140 mm2
4 (a) E (b) B (c) A (d) D (e) C (d) 66 cm2 (e) 240 cm2 (f) 7.5 m2
5 (a) 112 cm2 (b) 96 cm2 (c) 154 cm2 (g) 27.5 cm2 (h) 130 mm2 (i) 12 km2
(j) 84 mm2 (k) 350 m2 (l) 360 mm2
Exercise 2.1 (p. 68)
2 (a) E (b) A (c) D
1 (a) 3 cm (b) 8500 cm (c) 7500 (d) 140 mm
3 (a) 625 cm2 (b) 96 tiles
(e) 640 000 cm (f) 28 mm (g) 0.78 m
4 (a) 200 cm2 (b) 14.1 cm
(h) 671 cm (i) 9500 m 5 4.5 m2 6 B
2 (a) centimetre (b) metre (c) metre 7 Any product whose product is 320
(d) kilometre (e) millimetre (f) metre 8 1.26 m, 3.16 m 9 586 m2
3 (a) C (b) E (c) B (d) H (e) G (f) F 10 (a) 90 m2 (b) $2070
(g) A (h) D
4 C 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 D 9 12 cm Exercise 2.5 (p. 94)
10 2.25 km: the claim is not correct. 11 $25.90 1 (a) 180 m2 (b) 780 cm2
12 Film for a camera. The film is 35 mm wide. (c) 3.913 m2 or 39 130 cm2 or 3 913 000 mm2
13 (a) 12 m (b) 300 cm 2 (a) (b) 54 cm2
1 (a) 75.6 cm 76.4 cm (b) 1.53 km 1.61 km
(c) 19.3 m 19.9 m (d) 7.59 cm 7.69 cm
(e) 12.3 m 13.3 m (f) 1.089 km 1.091 km
2 (a) (i) 0.000 (ii) 0.05% (b) (i) 0.001 3 (a) 700 cm2 (b) 78 cm2 (c) 1560 cm2
(ii) 0.14% (c) (i) 0.001 (ii) 0.12% (d) 560 mm2 (e) 150 cm2 (f) 720 cm2
(d) (i) 0.009 (ii) 0.87% (g) 1360 cm2 (h) 4320 cm2
3 (a) 84 1.5 m (b) 48 0.9 cm (c) 656 16 cm 4 (a) C (b) E (c) E 5 6550 cm2
(d) 4760 15 m 6 Type 1 uses 352 cm ; Type 2 uses 372 cm2
2
4 (a) 102.4 1.6 cm (b) 150 1 m 7 (a) 60 cm long, 50 cm wide (b) 15 cm
(c) 705 7.5 mm 5 2000 56 cm2 8 Four times larger
6 (a) 15.5 m (b) 8.5 cm 9 Any of these combinations (length, width, height) in
(c) 74.5 mm (d) 76.45 and 76.55 m centimetres: (2,2,119), (4,4,58), (6,6,37), (8,8,26),
7 A 8 (a) B (b) A (10,10,19), (12,12,14), (16,16,7), (20,20,2)
9 (a) length 0.04, width 0.0625 10 (a) 158 m2 (b) 110.86 m2
(b) length 4%, width 6.25% (c) 16.04 1.64 cm2 (c) 9 hours 14.3 minutes
10 (a) maximum 28.8 m, minimum 28.0 m (b) 1.4% 11 (a) 832 cm2 (b) 24 cubes
(c) maximum 50 m2, minimum 47 m2 (d) 84 bags (c) 2304 cm2 (d) 36.1%
11 (a) two cans of paint
(b) maximum 36 m, minimum 32 m Exercise 2.6 (p. 98)
12 (a) 1306 72.4 m2 (b) 35 boxes 1 (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) No (e) No
13 Students own answers (f) No (g) Yes (h) No
14 (a) 2.5% (b) 82 km/h 2 (a) 600 cm3 (b) 1260 mm3 (c) 210 cm3
(c) Too high. Then you are actually travelling below (d) 512 m 3 (e) 28 274 cm 3 (f) 63 m3
the speed limit if the speedometer indicates that you (g) 1080 cm3 (h) 9600 mm3
are driving at the speed limit. 3 (a) 600 cm3 (b) 560 m3
4 (a) E (b) B (c) A (d) A
Exercise 2.3 (p. 82) 5 (a) 12 m3 (b) 12 000 litres = 12 kL
1 (a) 825 cm2 (b) 1853 cm2 (c) 1750 mm2 6 3040 m3 7 50 cups
(d) 506 cm2 (e) 600 cm2 (f) 628 cm2 8 (a) 200 cm (b) 419 days 9 5654.9 cm3
(g) 143 cm2 (h) 240 cm2 10 Any of these combinations (length, width, height) in
2 (a) D (b) C (c) B metres: (1,1,36), (1,2,18), (1,3,12), (1,4,9), (1,6,6),
3 (a) 1408 m2 (b) 176 kg (2,2,9), (2,3,6), (3,3,4)
4 (a) 451 cm (b) 1546 cm2 (c) 62% 11 (a) 15 944 cm3 (b) 62 cm
5 (a) (i) 311.1 m2 (ii) 69.1 m2 (b) 81.8% 12 (a) 76 027 mL (b) 14 451 cm3 (c) 547.4 kL
6 The area of the top of the pizza is 616 cm2, so any
rectangle that gives this area with integer values. Chapter review (p. 102)
Sample answers: 25 25; 22 28; 31 20 etc. 1 (a) D (b) C (c) B (d) E
7 (a) (i) 3 cm (ii) 2 cm (b) They are the same. 2 (a) 6.3% (b) They are the same.
(c) 6662 33.5 cm2

3 (a) 180 cm2 (b) 3848.45 cm2 (c) 1480.44 m2 25 (a) $364 (b) $487.50 (c) $606.25
(d) 12 355.84 cm 2 (d) $649.95 26 $1280
4 (a) 6.51 m2 (b) 500.85 cm2 (c) 315 cm2 27 (a) $2035 (b) 7 years and 1 month
(d) 338 cm2 (e) 162 cm2 (f) 10.935 m2 28 $7809.50
5 (a) 348 cm2 (b) 190.5 cm2 29 Surface area is multiplied by four
6 (a) 360 cm3 (b) 2011 cm3 (c) 1380 cm3 3p 5 q 7
3 3 30 (a) 2 (b) -------------- (c) 5x5y7
(d) 3000 cm (e) 110 mm (f) 450 m3 2
7 (a) 18.3 cm, 25.4 cm (b) 18.7 cm, 25.8 cm 31 (a) Option A: at least $16 000
(c) 87.4 cm, 89.0 cm (d) 465 cm2, 482 cm2 Option B: at least $12 666.67 (b) $6000
8 5.03 cm2 (c) Option A is better if Bettina expects to sell less
9 (a) 61.3 m2 (b) 12.3 m2 than $6000 worth of goods per week, but this is less
10 (a) 143 m2 (b) 14 900 tiles (c) 145 200 L than her minimum expectations.
11 (a) 32 cm (b) 12.16 L (c) 17 cm 32 (a) 21.46% (b) 21.46%
(c) They are equally efficient
Replay (p. 106)
1 STEM | LEAF Chapter 3
1 | 7 8
2 | 5 6 Prep zone (p. 114)
3 | 1 3 4 9 1 (a) equilateral (b) isosceles (c) scalene
4 | 0 2 2 (a) 45.79 (b) 12.23 (c) 4.55
5 | 1 3 (a) 144 (b) 3025 (c) 1406.25
2 (a) 3 h 15 min (b) 10 h 30 min (c) 6 min 4 (a) 9 (b) 13 (c) 16
3 (a) 33 (b) 12 (c) 600 5 (a) 8.06 (b) 25.65 (c) 17.93
4 (a) 212.5 (b) $0.08 (c) 72 6 (a) x=6 (b) x = 81 (c) x = 33
5 (a) 8 (b) 81 (c) 2 7 (a) x = 6 (b) x = 6.24 (c) c = 18.03
6 (a) 1 (b) 3 1--3- (c) 25
7 (a) 15a 12ab (b) 60xy + 17x y (c) 8j 2k Exercise 3.1 (p. 117)
8 (a) 80gh (b) 36k2 (c) 54e3fg 1 (a) Yes (b) No (c) No (d) No (e) Yes
9 (a) 8x 16 (b) 30y 55y2 (c) 3p2 + 4p + 63 (f) Yes (g) Yes (h) Yes (i) No
10 (a) 4(m 7) (b) 7d(ed + 5) (c) (g 3)(f + 5) 2 (a) a b c a2 b2 c2
11 (a) (i) 0.4 (ii) 40% (b) (i) 0.38 (ii) 37.5%
(a) 21 36 42 441 1296 1764
(c) (i) 0.42 (ii) 41.67%
12 (a) x8 (b) x4 (c) x4 (e) 18 24 30 324 576 900
(f) 26 26 36 676 676 1296
Mixed revision one (p. 107) (g) 19 28 34 361 784 1156
1 (a) (i) $83.20 (ii) $883.20 (h) 22 30 37 484 900 1369
(b) (i) $3553 (ii) $13 053
2 (a) 14.29% (b) 75% (c) 12.5% (d) 250% (b) For right-angled triangles, allowing for
3 132 cm2 4 $678.90 5 358 cm2 measurement errors, a2 + b2 = c2.
6 (a) 38.3 cm2 (b) 2045.2 cm2 3 (a) C (b) A (c) D (d) E
7 (a) $14 (b) 4 weeks 4 a b c a2 b2 c 2 a2 + b 2 = c 2
8 (a) 2 cm (b) 2 367 000 cm (c) 7 m (a) 36 36 51 1296 1296 2601 yes
9 (a) $48.50 (b) $77.60 (c) $92.15
(b) 23 33 38 529 1089 1444 no
(d) $145.50
10 (a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 5 (c) 23 36 43 529 1296 1849 yes
11 (a) 178.5 cm2 (b) 92 m2 (c) 198 cm2 (d) 31 36 43 961 1296 1849 no
12 $3.40 (e) 18 39 43 324 1521 1849 yes
13 (a) 60.3 m to 63.7 m (b) 5.645 km to 5.675 km
14 (a) 17.4 cm2 (b) 47.1 cm2 (c) 100 cm2 (f) 23 34 41 529 1156 1681 yes
15 (a) $45 (b) $1890 (c) $10 155 (d) $14 550 (g) 23 34 41 529 1156 1681 yes
16 (a) 7238.2 cm3 (b) 7238.2 mL 5 (h) 22 27 27 484 729 729 no
xy
17 (a) 12g4h4 (b) 120a7b11 (c) --------
3 (i) 9 51 52 81 2601 2704 yes
18 7.1 m2
19 The area is between 1323.875 cm and 1376.375 cm2
2 5 (a) Yes (b) No (c) No (d) Yes (e) Yes
20 216 days 21 $1156.25 22 12 cm, 24 cm (f) Yes (g) Yes (h) Yes (i) Yes (j) No
23 (a) $22 907.02 (b) $22 227.02 (c) $2528.11 (k) Yes (l) No
24 (a) 0.8 m (approx) (b) 12 days
ans w e rs 517
6 a b c a2 b2 c2 2 (a) 25.40 (b) 19.74 (c) 31.43

(a) 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm 9 16 25 (d) 118.76 (e) 11.18 m (f) 17.05 m
3 2.42 m 4 (a) A (b) D
(b) 12 cm 16 cm 20 cm 144 256 400 5 (a) x = 9 (b) x = 9.80 (c) x = 3 (d) x = 8
(c) 60 mm 80 mm 100 mm 3600 6400 10 000 (e) x = 7.48, y = 8.31 (f) x = 6.63, y = 17.32
(d) 7 cm 24 cm 25 cm 49 576 625 6 (a) 14.14 cm (b) 8.49 m (c) 70.71 cm
(d) 24.75 m
(e) 24 mm 90 mm 93 mm 576 8100 8649
a2 + b2 = c2 Exercise 3.5 (p. 140)
7 Students own answers 1 5.83 m 2 A
3 (a) 44.82 m (b) 18.18 m 4 B 5 0.51 m
Exercise 3.2 (p. 124) 6 3.47 m 7 A 8 C 9 11.31 cm
1 (a) 15 m (b) 50 mm (c) 13 cm 10 1.88 km 11 3.14 m 12 11.95 cm
(d) 25 cm (e) 2.5 m (f) 8.5 mm 13 Through mountains $157 429;
2 (a) 12 mm (b) 24 m (c) 24 cm Around mountains $132 500 14 $1621.50
(d) 16 cm (e) 12 m (f) 6 cm 15 A B C D E F A (or the reverse order)
3 (a) 26 (b) 9.43 (c) 15 (d) 17.89 16 6.89 m extra wood; first new design 9.48 m extra;
(e) 19.21 (f) 130 (g) 13.89 (h) 17.03 second design 4.5 m extra. The last design is the
4 (a) C (b) B 5 (a) C (b) A cheapest.
6 (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) No
(e) No (f) Yes (g) No (h) No Chapter review (p. 144)
7 192 cm 1 (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes
8 (b) 19, 180, 181; 36, 323, 325; 60, 221, 229 2 (a) 30 mm, 30 mm, 48 mm, No
(b) 20 mm, 50 mm, 54 mm, Yes
Exercise 3.3 (p. 130) (c) 26 mm, 45 mm, 52 mm, Yes
1 (a) 13 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 39 (e) 26 3 (a) No (b) Yes
(f) 65 4 (a) 20 cm (b) 50 m (c) 30 m
2 (a) 13.60 (b) 13.42 (c) 6.12 (d) 16.74 5 (a) 75 (b) 38.83 (c) 12.5
(e) 8.54 cm (f) 21.26 mm 6 (a) 75 cm (b) 24.60 mm (c) 63.64 m
3 B 4 4.50 m 5 (a) D (b) D 7 (a) 40.82 (b) 10.30
6 (a) 17 cm (b) 34 m (c) 10 cm 8 (a) x = 27.33 (b) x = 78.33 (c) x = 15.23
(d) 5 m (e) 35 m (f) 10 cm 9 (a) 9.64 (b) 13 10 E
7 (a) 9.90 cm (b) 27.46 mm (c) 19.21 cm 11 (a) 3.8 m (b) 6.6 m (c) 4.97 m
(d) 10.20 m (e) 5.52 km (f) 13.89 m 12 Ming wins by 1.58 s 13 7 m 14 132 m
8 C 15 (a) 19.71 m, 10 sleepers (b) $350
9 (a) x = 10 cm, y = 14.42 cm 16 (a) 2 m
(b) x = 12.21 cm, y = 12.81 cm (b) Possiblymany races are won by less than 2 m
(c) a = 9.43 m, b = 8.94 m 17 (a) 4 cm (b) 5.66 cm (c) 21.66 cm
(d) x = 25.61 mm, y = 28.28 mm
(e) a = 5.83 cm, b = 8.37 cm Replay (p. 148)
(f) a = 8.06 cm, b = 9 cm, c = 9.85 cm 1 (a) 197 (b) 35 (c) 65
10 C 2 (a) 5 (b) 47 (c) 55
11 (a) 200 = 14.14 cm; 1.414 = 2. (b) 2 3 64 cm3 4 (a) 90 (b) 55 (c) 168
12 (a) Sample answers 5 (a) 8 (b) 44 (c) 259
1 st
ym 6 (a) 8 (b) ----- (c) ----
3s 3
7 (a) 2--5- (b) 1--3- (c) 12 (d) 19
------
50 m 7
8 (a) x 13 (b) x 3 (c) x 6
Distance
from 1 2 5 10 15 20 25 9 (a) $216.75 (b) more than 160
corner, y m 10 (a) $50 (b) $20.63
Total 11 (a) 140 cm2 (b) 81.7 cm2 (c) 207.5 cm2
distance 50.01 m 50.04 m 50.25 m 50.99 m 52.20 m 53.85 m 55.90 m
swum, x m
Chapter 4
(b) 55.90 m
Prep zone (p. 152)
Exercise 3.4 (p. 135) 1 (a) 14x (b) 8y (c) k2
1 (a) 35 (b) 24 (c) 9 (d) 40 m 2 (a) 4h + 2y (b) 8y3 + 6x2 2x
(e) 48 cm (f) 77 mm 3 (a) 12xy (b) 20k2 (c) 60g3

4 (a) 4x2 (b) 4x2y (c) 2x2 14 (a) 2400 m (b) 10(3y 2) (c) y(2y + 3)
5 (a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 4 (d) (i) 14 m (ii) 702 m (iii) 2849 m (e) 5
6 (a) (i) 20 cm (ii) 25 cm2 (b) (i) 22 m 15 (a) x(x + 3) (b) 10x 12 (c) 3 cm, 4 cm
(ii) 18 m2 (c) (i) 16 mm (ii) 12 mm2 16 Two possible methods are to substitute values for x
and to use areas of rectangles.
1 (a) 7 (b) 21 (c) 2 (d) 8 (e) 0 (f) 21 Exercise 4.3 (p. 163)
(g) 18 (h) 25 (i) 8 (j) 1 (k) 27 (l) 1 1 (a) xy + 5x + 6y + 30 (b) xy + 7x + 4y + 28
2 (a) 13 (b) 31 (c) 20 (d) 3 (e) 18 (c) ce + 3c + de + 3d (d) rt + 8r + st + 8s
(f) 3 (g) 13 (h) 73 (i) 21 (j) 24 (e) ab a + 2b 2 (f) pq 2p + 3q 6
(k) 27 (l) 22 (g) x2 + 4x + 3 (h) y2 + 11y + 18
3 (a) 129 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (e) 95 (i) ax + 3x ap 3p (j) ay + 4a by 4b
(f) 11 (g) 24 (h) 42 (i) 21 (j) 36 (k) mn 6m 2n + 12 (l) km 4k 5m + 20
(k) 53 (l) 67 2 x2 + x 12
4 D 5 A 6 B 3 (a) 2ab 6a + b 3 (b) 3x2 + 5x 2
7 (a) (i) 32 (ii) 41 (iii) 86 (c) 3mn 3m + 2n 2 (d) 4y2 + 2y 2
(b) (i) 197.9 (ii) 294.5 (iii) 3357.7 (e) 10k2 29k 21 (f) 8a2 + 14a 15
(c) (i) 2.4 (ii) 180 (iii) 10 125 (g) 4mp + 4np + mq + nq (h) 7ax + 7kx + ay + ky
8 6.4 joules 9 282.8 cm2 (i) 12p2 11p + 2 (j) 10g2 47g + 9
10 d must be a negative number divisible by 6. (k) a2 b2 (l) p2 q2
11 (a) (i) 5 (ii) 5 (iii) same answers 4 E 5 B 6 D
(b) (i) 65 (ii) 65 (iii) same answers 7 (a) (x + 7)(x + 2) cm2 (b) 204 cm2 (c) 6
(c) (i) (x5 y5)(x5 + y5) (d) x2 + 9x + 14
(ii) 310 210 = (35 25)(35 + 25) = (211)(275) 8 (a) (i) (15 + x) m (ii) (3 + x) m
(iii) (15 + x)(3 + x) m2 (iv) (45 + 18x + x2) m2
Exercise 4.2 (p. 159) (b) New garden bed has (18x + x2) m2 more area.
1 (a) 2x + 10 (b) 8x 16 (c) 9x 18 (c) 40 m2 extra area
(d) 4a + 36 (e) 8b + 24 (f) 3k 12 9 a + b = 1; e.g. --14- + --34-
(g) 2m 6 (h) 5n 30 (i) 3d 18
10 (a) (i) x2 (ii) x 4 (iii) x 2 (iv) (x 2)(x 4)
(j) 7x 7 (k) 4d 32 (l) 6x + 18
(b) 6x 8
(m) 9c + 54 (n) 2x + 10 (o) 5x + 30
3 (a) x2 + 3x (b) m2 + 5m (c) x2 + 9x Exercise 4.4 (p. 168)
(d) s2 7s (e) x2 x (f) x2 6x 1 (a) k2 + 4k + 4 (b) m2 + 10m + 25 (c) d 2 2d + 1
(g) x + 8x (h) x + 4x
2 2 (i) n2 + 9n (d) p2 6p + 9 (e) x2 + 16x + 64
5 (a) 3x2 + 6x (b) 2u2 12u (c) 5x2 5x (f) y2 + 24y + 144 (g) m2 + 2mn + n2
(d) 11m2 + 33m (e) 9x2 + 18x (f) 4x2 + 16x (h) w2 2wk + k2 (i) a2 8a + 16
(g) 2x2 14x (h) 7q2 7q (i) 9b2 + 54b (j) y2 + 12y + 36 (k) x2 + 18x + 81
6 15x + 6 (l) k2 14k + 49
7 (a) 10x + 2 (b) 15q 10 (c) 24x + 30 2 (a) 16y2 + 24y + 9 (b) 4w2 + 36w + 81
(d) 12p + 14 (e) 63 18u (f) 24 32x (c) 9x2 30x + 25 (d) 36k2 12k + 1
(g) 12n2 16n (h) 10r2 35r (i) 10x2 15x (e) 49 28a + 4a2 (f) 9 48d + 64d 2
(j) 12x2 8x (k) 16x 14x2 (l) 35k 30k2 (g) 1 8c + 16c 2 (h) 36 + 84y + 49y2
8 (a) 2x + 10 (b) 3y + 5 (c) 2a2 + 3ab 2a (i) 16g2 8gh + h2 (j) 9a2 + 6ad + d 2
(d) 12p + 6q 3 (e) 6k2 + 21k 4 (k) 4a2 12ab + 9b2 (l) 25m2 + 80mn + 64n2
(f) 10x2 + 20xy 15xz + 5x 3 (a) c2 25 (b) a2 16 (c) k2 64
(g) 2dc 6d 2 + 10df 12d (h) 36y + 7y2 (d) m2 49 (e) x2 y2 (f) c2 d 2
9 (a) 5x + 2 (b) 8 y (c) 2x 11 (d) 5a + 13 (g) 81 x 2 (h) 9 y 2 (i) 1 k2
(e) 2a2 3a + 10 (f) 3x2 + 10x 4 (j) 36 w2 (k) p2 q2 (l) h2 g2
(g) 7y2 26y 10 (h) 9k2 + 27k 4 (a) 4m2 1 (b) 9x2 16 (c) 36b2 49
10 E 11 D 12 A (d) 25y 1
2 (e) 64 25a 2 (f) 9 4d 2
13 (a) x+9 (b) 6x + 18 (g) 16a2 25c2 (h) 9m2 4n2 (i) 4x2 49y2
(c) (i) 48 cm (ii) 130.2 cm (j) 16a2 25b2 (k) 9 c2d 2 (l) 25 j 2k2
(iii) 66 (d) Not possible. 5 B 6 E 7 D 8 A 9 E
No negative values can be 10 (a) (i) True (ii) False (iii) False (iv) True
2x
used, nor can 0. (b) True
(e) 2x(x + 9) cm2 11 (a) (i) x2 + 14x + 49 (ii) 4x2 12x + 9
(f) (2x2 + 18x) cm2 (b) (i) 121 cm2 (ii) 25 cm2
(g) (i) 1160 cm2
(ii) 504 cm2 (iii) 0 cm2; not possible in real life
ans w e rs 519
12 (a) x2 m2 (b) (x2 4) m2 14 5(3a 2b2) 15 (a) 8ab + 12a (b) 4a(2b + 3)
(c) Square playing field is larger by 4 m2. 16 (a) (c + 2)(d + 5) (b) c = d + 3
13 d2 + 2ad + a2 14 4c2 + 12ch + 9h2 17 Sample answers: 3x + 12xy; 6x + 9xb; 12abx + 15cx
15 (a) Filomena: 3x, Stan: 6y (b) 36y2 36xy + 9x2 18 (a) x(4x x + y) (b) x2(5 )
16 (a) --32- m (b) 1 --14- g (c) --32- m 1 --14- g (c) 5 must be greater than zero, so must be
(d) 9---
m2 15
------ mg + 25
------ g2 less than 5
4 4 16
17 S1 = 4R21, S2 = 4R22 Exercise 4.6 (p. 177)

S1 S2 = 4R21 4R22 1 (a) (x + 4)(y + 3) (b) (p + 1)(q + 5)
= 4(R21 R22) (c) (m + 2)(n + 9) (d) (a + f )(b + d)
= 4(R1 R2)(R1 + R2) (e) (p + t)(q + r) (f) (m 3)(k + 6)
18 (R r)(R + r) (g) (p 7)(n + 1) (h) (a 5)(b + 1)
19 Sample answers: a = 5 b = 4; a = 13 b = 5; (i) (m 2)(n 7) (j) (a 6)(b 4)
a = 10 b = 6; any Pythagorean triad where a = length (k) (x + 2)(x 8) (l) (y + 4)(y 6)
of hypotenuse and b = either of the other side 2 (a) (k + 2)(p + 3) (b) (m + p)(n + q)
lengths. (c) (d + 6)(c + 2) (d) (a + k)(d + h)
(e) (x 4)(y + 2) (f) (e 1)(g + 3)
20 (a) 1--2- B2 1--2- b2 (b) 1--2- (B b)(B + b)
(g) (b + 1)(c 1) (h) (y + 3)(x 1)
2
(c) (i) 12b2
12b
(ii) -------------------2 100 = 96% (i) (k 3)(m n) (j) (d 6)(f g)
1---
25b (k) (a 4)(a + 5) (l) (k 2)(k + 5)
2
3 D 4 C 5 A 6 C
Exercise 4.5 (p. 173) 7 (a) de + 2d + ce + 2c (b) (d + c)(e + 2)
1 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3 (e) a (f) q 8 (a) x2 4x + 12 3x (b) (x 4)(x 3)
(g) 3g (h) 4ab (i) m (j) p (k) 5x 9 (a) y2 + 12y + 36 (b) (y + 6)2
(l) 3ab (c) Square of side length y + 6
2 (a) 3(x + 3) (b) 12(y + 2) (c) 6(1 + 7a) 10 Sample answers: 2x + 2a to give (x + a)(x + 2),
(d) 4(1 + 2b) (e) 2(k 3) (f) 4(m 5) xy + ay to give (x + a)(x + y)
(g) 7(4p 1) (h) 4(4k 1) (i) a(3 + b) 11 (a) (a + 7)(b + c + d) (b) c + d = 7.
(j) w(y + 5) (k) 2(a + 2b 4c) Sample answers: c = 1, d = 6
(l) 3(x 5y + 3)
3 (a) 5(2x + 5) (b) 4(2y + 9) (c) 7(2a 5)
(d) 6(2d 3) (e) 9(2 3m) (f) 3(2 5k) 1 (a) (x 4)(x + 4) (b) (y 5)(y + 5)
(g) a(3 + 2b) (h) y(5x + 2) (i) 3g(3f 4h) (c) (d 8)(d + 8) (d) (a 6)(a + 6)
(j) 2b(12ac 5) (k) k(5m 3n + 2gh) (e) (g 1)(g + 1) (f) (k 2)(k + 2)
(l) c(1 + 4b + 2a) (g) (12 h)(12 + h) (h) (7 x)(7 + x)
4 (a) x(x + 3) (b) y(y + 6) (c) k(5 k) (i) (3m p)(3m + p) (j) (c 2e)(c + 2e)
(d) m(8 m) (e) p(4p + 7) (f) a(9a + 5) (k) (5a b)(5a + b) (l) (8f 7g)(8f + 7g)
(g) 3d(2 3d) (h) 2g(11 7g) (i) 2a(ab + 2) 2 (a) 2(x 3)(x + 3) (b) 6(x 2)(x + 2)
(j) 6h(gh + 3) (k) 8xy(2x 5y) (l) 6ab(3 7a) (c) 5(4 y)(4 + y) (d) 3(5 y)(5 + y)
5 (a) 2(m + 6) (b) 4(k + 6) (c) y(y + 3) (e) 7(a b)(a + b) (f) 10(m n)(m + n)
(d) x(x + 1) (e) 4(4a 1) (f) 7(3b 1) (g) 8(x 2)(x + 2) (h) 11(x 3)(x + 3)
(g) 8(3p 5) (h) 2(9w 8) (i) 4(a 3b)(a + 3b)
(i) 3x(2x + 1) (j) 7y(2 + 7y) 3 (a) (4a 3)(4a + 3) (b) (5b 1)(5b + 1)
(k) 2(4d + 2f + 3g) (l) 5(3a + 2b + 1) (c) (4 3p)(4 + 3p) (d) (5 8y)(5 + 8y)
(m) 4x(3x + 4 5y z) (n) 2k(m 2m2 + 3 + 4k) (e) (x 7y)(x + 7y) (f) (n 9p)(n + 9p)
6 (a) (a + 3)(x + 5) (b) (n 2)(m + 9) (g) (2p 9q)(2p + 9q) (h) (3a 7b)(3a + 7b)
(c) (y 1)(4 + w) (d) (x + 5)(3 + y) (i) (2x 7w)(2x + 7w) (j) (9y 11k)(9y + 11k)
(e) (q + 5)(p 2) (f) (f 1)(d 6) (k) (10m 3)(10m + 3) (l) (10a 13b)(10a + 13b)
(g) (2x + 3)(y 1) (h) (3p + 5)(a 1) 4 (a) 3(3a 7b)(3a + 7b) (b) 2(9c 8d )(9c + 8d )
(i) (d 2)(5d 4) (j) (m 6)(3m 7) (c) 7(5x 2)(5x + 2) (d) 5(10y 3)(10y + 3)
7 (a) True (b) False (c) False (d) True (e) 6(6 7m)(6 + 7m) (f) 8(5 4p)(5 + 4p)
(e) False (f) False (g) 10(4p 11q)(4p + 11q) (h) 3(2k 9n)(2k + 9n)
8 (b) 3x 6xy = 3x(1 2y) (i) 5(3y 4p)(3y + 4p)
(c) a(b + 2) 3(b + 2) = (b + 2)(a 3) 5 Two terms, both squares, separated by a minus sign.
(e) 4p + 3k cannot be factorised or 6 C 7 B 8 B 9 (x 9)(x + 9)
4p + 3kp = p(4 + 3k) 10 10(10 3x)(10 + 3x) 11 (8x 3y)(8x + 3y)
(f) 3y2 9y + 12xy = 3y(y + 3 4x) 12 a = b + 1. For example: b = 2, a = 3
9 C 10 B 11 D 12 C 13 A

13 (a) (a b c)(a + b + c) Chapter review (p. 189)

(b) a b c = 10k, k = 1,2,3,... 1 (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 12
Sample answers: a = 19, b = 7, c = 2; a = 10, b = 1, 2 (a) 7 (b) 34 3 E 4 A
c=1 5 (a) 4x + 28 (b) x2 3x (c) 10x2 + 5x
14 (a) --12- g (T2 T1)(T2 + T1) 6 (a) (i) 13x 7 (ii) 18x2 + 19x 6
(b) 1---
2
g (T2 T1)(T2 + T1) = 1--2- g( 1--g- ) (T2 + T1) = 1--2- (T2 + T1) (b) (i) 45 (iii) 358
7 (a) x2 + 10x + 16 (b) 6a2 + 7a 20
Exercise 4.8 (p. 183) 8 (a) x2 + 24x + 144 (b) 25c2 20cd + 4d2
1 (a) (y + 8)2 (b) (b + 7)2 (c) (k 6)2 9 (a) 4(2a + 3) (b) 5k(3 + 4k)

(d) (p 2)2 (e) (x + 5)2 (f) (y + 4)2 (c) pq(5p 3 + 2q r) (d) 6(4a + ab + 12)
(g) (a 9)2 (h) (d 10)2 (i) (c 12)2 10 (a) (5 + x) cm
2 (a) (3f + 4)2 (b) (4d + 5)2 (c) (2x 3)2
(d) (5y 2)2 (e) (4k + 1)2 (f) (3p + 7)2
(g) (8m 5) 2 (h) (6n 1) 2 (i) (3x + 10)2 20 cm
(j) (2w + 9)2 (k) (11y 2)2 (l) (7c 4)2
3 (a) (k + 3m)2 (b) (x + 6y)2 (c) (p 4q)2
(d) (c 5d )2 (e) (5a + b)2 (f) (w + 10z)2
(g) (3m q)2 (h) (x 9y)2 (i) (7m 2n)2 (b) (50 + 2x) cm (c) 2(25 + x)
(j) (3a + 4b) 2 (k) (3c + 11d) 2 (l) (6m 7p)2 (d) 20(5 + x) cm2 (e) 100 + 20x
4 Three terms that follow the pattern a2 2ab + b2 11 (m 2)(k + 8); m = 5, k = 8
5 C 6 D 7 C 8 x + 12 9 5 12 2x + 6 13 5y 3
10 (a) (2x + 5)2 (b) 1 or 4 14 (a) 10 + 2x (b) x2 + 5x
11 (a) (3a 6b)2 (b) a = 2b (c) (i) x + 5x 14
2 (ii) (x + 7)(x 2)
(c) b = 1, a = 2; b = 3, a = 6 (iii) There are no sheep
12 (a) 4x2 5x + 1 (b) 5 must be less than 2x 15 (a)
1---
L21H (b)
1---
L22H (c)
1---
H(L1 L2)(L1 + L2)
3 3 3
(c) (4x 1)(x 1)
(d) x 1 = 0, x = 1; 4x 1 = 0, x = 1--4- (d) (i) 20L22 (ii) 1, 2
Exercise 4.9 (p. 186) Replay (p. 192)

1 (a) 3, 2 (b) 10, 2 (c) 4, 7 (d) 2, 8 1 (a) trapezium (b) rhombus
(e) 2, 24 (f) 1, 7 (g) 5, 3 (h) 2, 12 (c) isosceles triangle
(i) 2, 4 (j) 9, 5 (k) 5, 5 (l) 3, 4 2 (a) 11 (b) 27 (c) 10
2 (a) (x + 1)(x + 4) (b) (x + 3)(x + 5) 3 (a) 0.26 (b) 10.700 (c) 8.600
(c) (x + 2)(x + 7) (d) (x + 1)(x + 6) 4 (a) 47h (b) 3bc 5b (c) 2k
(e) (x + 5)(x + 8) (f) (x + 4)(x + 9) 5 (a) 6m m2 (b) 15p + 10p2 5pq
(g) (x + 6)2 (h) (x + 11)2 (i) (x + 1)(x + 3) (c) 10a + 3 a2
(j) (x + 7)(x + 8) (k) (x + 6)(x + 10) 6 (a) $0 (b) $1200 (c) $12 060
(l) (x + 2)(x + 9) 7 9 months
3 (a) (x 6)(x 2) (b) (x 3)(x 1) 8 (a) 0.3 m (b) 124 500 cm (c) 268.7 mm
(c) (x + 7)(x + 5) (d) (x 5)(x 4) 9 (a) 23.5 cm2 (b) 201.1 m2 (c) 65.4 cm2
(e) (x 4)(x + 1) (f) (x 2)(x + 6) 10 (a) 102 cm2 (b) 40 cm2 (c) 80 cm2
(g) (x 4)(x + 5) (h) (x 7)(x + 6) 11 (a) 3.61 (b) 8.49 (c) 17.29
(i) (x 9)(x + 2) (j) (x 4)(x + 8) 12 (a) 10 cm (b) 5.4 cm (c) 3.5 cm
(k) (x 6)(x + 8) (l) (x 12)(x + 2)
4 (a) 3(x + 2)(x + 4) (b) 2(x + 2)(x + 5) Chapter 5
(c) 6(x 1)(x 3) (d) 4(x 1)(x 6)
(e) 2(x 3)(x + 5) (f) 5(x 2)(x + 6) Prep zone (p. 196)
(g) 4(x 2)(x + 1) (h) 3(x 8)(x + 2) 1 (a) 14 (b) 13 (c) 12 1--2- (d) 12 (e) 5.34
(i) 6(x 4)(x 3) (f) 62.7221
5 C 6 E 7 B 8 length x + 5; width x + 2 2 (a) equilateral (b) scalene and right angled
9 x 2, x 7 (c) scalene (d) isosceles
10 (x + 8)(x 6); for x = 6 the expression is equal to 0. (e) isosceles and right angled (f) scalene
11 (a) 20, 18, 8 3 (a) 42 (b) 40 (c) 54 (d) 4
(b) (x + 4)(x + 5), (x + 6)(x + 3), (x + 8)(x + 1) 4 (a) 64 (b) 25 (c) 53
12 (a) x2 + 11x + 24 (b) (x + 8)(x + 3) 5 (a) 4 : 5 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 5 : 4 (d) 4 : 3
(c) x = 97 (d) x = 97 in x(x + 11) + 24 (e) 3 : 4 (f) 4 : 5
ans w e rs 521
Exercise 5.1 (p. 199) (c) (i) t = 42.13 cm (ii) b = 51.68 cm

1 (a) A (b) (iii) m = 12.47 m
x H 5 (a) D (b) D (c) E
20 O 12
6 Any, as long as the ratio between b and a is 7 : 10.
O Sample answers: a = 10, b = 7; a = 20, b = 14;
H 45 a = 100, b = 70
15
adjacent, hypotenuse 7 160 metres 8 2.95 metres 9 87.53 cm
A
10 5.66 m
opposite, adjacent 11 (a) 2.87 m (b) Angle from the ground could be
(c) (d) reduced to 30 or less
41
H 105 y A Exercise 5.3 (p. 210)
A 7.5 H 1 (a) A (b)
x H
O
20 O 12
adjacent, hypotenuse
O
3.3 H 45
O cosine 15
A
opposite, hypotenuse tangent
(e) (f) (c) (d)
x 5.8 A H 35 10
O 41
O y A
H 105
32 A 7.5 H
H A
opposite, adjacent opposite, hypotenuse O
cosine
2 (a) a (b) f (c) g (d) k (e) n (f) p
3 Students own answers 3.3 O
sine
4 (a) C (b) E (c) E (d) D
e i k o p (e) (f)
5 (b) --- (c) -- (d) -- (e) --- (f) -- x
d g j n q O 5.8 A
H 35
10
6 (a) 13 (b) A O
32
13 H A
5 tangent sine
2 (a) 0.59 (b) 0.81 (c) 0.73
C 3 (a) (i) 0.58 (ii) 0.87 (iii) 0.5 (iv) 0.87
B 12
(v) 1.73 (vi) 0.5 (b) same (c) same
7 (a) (b) H (c) 10 km 4 (a) (i) 0.54 (ii) 1.54 (iii) 0.84 (iv) 0.54
(v) 0.84 (vi) 0.65 (b) same (c) same
7 km
7 km 5 (a) (i) 0.74 (ii) 0.67 (iii) 1.11
(b) (i) 0.74 (ii) 0.67
M 3 km T 6 B 7 C 8 A
M 3 km T 9 (a) A (b) A (c) B (d) C (e) C (f) B
Exercise 5.2 (p. 203) 10 (a) (b) sine

ramp
1 (c) 0.71 (e) 0.71 (g) 1 0.5 m
4
2 (a) (i) 7
------
24
(ii) ---
3
or 1 1--3- (iii) 1.05 25
7- 3--- 21
(b) (i) -----
25
(ii) 5
(iii) ------
29
or 0.72 11 tan ratio 12 sine ratio
3--- 8- 9- 5-
(c) (i) 5
or 0.6 (ii) -----
17
or 0.47 (iii) -----
41
or 0.22 13 (a) (b) 5 (c) -----
13
13
3 (a) (i) x = 10 km (ii) p = 39 cm (iii) n = 0.7 cm
(b) (i) x = 13 cm (ii) y = 6 m (iii) r = 20.8 cm
(c) (i) n = 48 cm (ii) s = 12 km (iii) r = 20.8 m
4 (a) (i) p = 4.33 m (ii) b = 24.01 cm 12
(iii) e = 7.81 m (b) (i) u = 4.7 m 14 sin 42 = 0.669
(ii) q = 72.4 cm (iii) c = 15.4 cm

Exercise 5.4 (p. 214) Mixed revision two (p. 238)

1 (a) 26.63 (b) 7.51 (c) 18.87 (d) 33.27
1 (a) (g 12)(g + 12) (b) 4(3 f)(3 + f)
(e) 4.04 (f) 58.11 (g) 35.08 (h) 0.92
(c) 5(2q 5)(2q + 5)
2 (a) 313.49 (b) 137.73 (c) 34.31 (d) 13.62
2 (a) 30y2 + 72y 5 (b) 13x 9 (c) r2 + 33r
(e) 229.40 (f) 89.71 (g) 8.32 (h) 150.13
3 (a) 8.60 (b) 7.96 (c) 7.31
3 (a) C (b) D
4 (a) 30 (b) 55 (c) 33
4 (a) D (b) E
5 (a) (y 7)2 (b) (3y 4)2 (c) (2x 5y)2
5 The adjacent side divided by the hypotenuse must
6 14.8 m 7 (a) 3 (b) 16 (c) 26
be approximately equal to 0.45.
8 16.89 cm
6 2.40 m 7 1.39 m 8 7.60 m 9 7.01 m
9 (a) xk + 3x 6k 18 (b) k2 13k + 42
10 10.72 m 11 3.70 m 12 47.57 cm
(c) 2h2 + h 10
13 5.52 mm
10 (a) x = 20.9 m (b) y = 12.6 cm (c) g = 23.5 cm
Exercise 5.5 (p. 219) 11 9.8 cm 12 14.89 cm
1 (a) 39 (b) 15 (c) 35 (d) 62 (e) 10 13 (a) 56 8c (b) 12x + x2 (c) 6p2 21p
(f) 41 (g) 11 (h) 78 14 (a) g 16g + 64 (b) 36y + 84y + 49
2 2
2 (a) C (b) D (c) D (c) 49d2 42dw + 9w2

3 54 4 15 5 24 6 44 7 8 15 (a) (x + 5)(x 3) (b) (x 5)(x 4)
8 (a) 31 (b) 4121 m (c) 4(x + 3)(x 2)
9 Students own answers 16 (a) 7(x 7) (b) 11r(r + 4) (c) 4a(3b 8a)
17 16.0 cm 18 (a) (y + 2)(x + 7) (b) (z 3)(z 5)
Exercise 5.6 (p. 229) 19 (x + 7) and (x 6)
1 122.06 m 2 16 3 62.50 20 (a) 2x(3x + 1) (b) 6x2 + 2x
4 D 5 B 6 9.58 m 7 24 21 4.1 m 22 61
8 height of tree distance from car 0.51 23 (a) (y + 3)(x 8) (b) (j 7)(5j + 12)
9 76 m 10 26.17 m 24 (a) tan; 2.5 m (b) sin; 3.05 m
25 90.14 m 26 12.6 cm
Chapter review (p. 232) 27 A B C D E F A (or its reverse);
1 (a) 4---
(b) 9-
----- (c) 60
------ 181.26 m
3 40 11
28 (a) x2 + 4x 21 (b) (x + 7)(x 3) (c) x = 103
2 (a) x = 11.05 cm (b) t = 3.94 cm (d) Students to show the equality of the expressions
(c) p = 10.24 m 29 29.4 m
3 (a) 3--5- (b) 15
------
17
(c) 20
------
29
c e h Chapter 6
4 (a) -- (b) --- (c) ---
a d g Prep zone (p. 244)
5 (a) 0.47 (b) 0.88 (c) 0.53 (d) 0.88 1 (a) P = 5 (b) P = 11 (c) P = 3 (d) P = 13
(e) 0.47 (f) 1.88 (e) C = 5 (f) C = 17 (g) C = 9 (h) C = 7
6 (a) 2.19 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 55
2
(d) 111.9 m (e) 1767 m (f) 68
Y
7 A 8 22.84 cm 9 33.58 m 10 48 3 C
11 1.33 m 12 76.9 km 13 215.44 m 14 46 H A B
2
15 (a) 2.23 cm (b) 15.6 cm2 16 63.4 1

3 E F
Replay (p. 236) 4 2 11 1 2 3X
1 (a) 1 3--4- 15
1-
(b) 1 ----- 5-
(c) -----
12 G
2
2 (a) $62.00 (b) $136.40
3
3 (a) $13.50 (b) $992
4 D
4 (a) (i) $12 (ii) 5 weeks
(b) (i) $33 (ii) 5 weeks
5 (a) 53.1 cm2 (b) 87.0 cm2 (c) 120 cm2 3 (a) x 2 1 0 1 2
6 (a) 46 m2 (b) 288 cm2 (c) 50.1 cm2 y 2 3 4 5 6
7 (a) yes (b) no (c) yes (d) no
8 4.9 m
9 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6
10 (a) 20x + 16 (b) x2 + 5x (c) 6x2 18x
11 (a) 6(2g + 3) (b) wx(1 16x) (c) (2 + p)(5j 7)
12 (a) (x + 5)(x + 2) (b) (x + 5)(x 3)
(c) (x 6)(x 3)
ans w e rs 523
(d) e 0 3 6 9
Y
6 y=x+4 D 5 13 31 49
5
4 (e) B 0 200 400 600
3 R 0 12 24 36
2
(f) F 0 6 12 18
1
C 4 1 6 11
3 2 110 1 2 3 4X
2 (a) Linear b
(b) x 2 1 0 1 2 8
y 4 3 2 1 0
6
Y y=x2
1 1 4
3 2 110
2 3 4X
2
2
4 0 1 2 3 4 5 a
5
(b) Linear (c) Not linear
(c) x 2 1 0 1 2 d f
3 10
y 4 2 0 2 4 3
8
0 6 9 c
3 6
Y
6 4
4 y = 2x
9 2
3
2 0 1 2 3 e
1
(d) Not linear (e) Linear
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6X
1 h k

20 12
2
3
15 10
4
10 8
5
5 6
4
4 (a) x = 6 (b) y = 15 (c) a = 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 g 2
(d) b = 21 (e) c = 12 (f) d = 14
5 (a) g = 19 (b) x = 42 (c) y = 6 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 j
(d) x = 35 (e) b = 12 (f) k = 36
6 (a) 15x 6 (b) 20 6x (c) 15x + 43 (f) Linear q
7 (a) True (b) False (c) False 6
4
Exercise 6.1 (p. 246) 2
4
1 (a) c 0 10 20 30 6 4 220
2 6 f
A 0 400 800 1200
4
(b) P 0 2 4 6
Q 0 $7 $14 $21 3 (a) D (b) B (c) C
4 (a) Number
(c) G 0 4 8 12 of litres 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
J 20 28 76 124 Cost
(dollars) 0 0.95 1.90 2.85 3.80 4.75 5.70 6.65

(c) Yes, as the graph is a straight line 9 Sample answers: A(1, 4) and B(4, 2), A(7, 12) and
(d) (i) $2.85 (ii) $2.28 (iii) $5.42 B(13, 8), A(0, 0) and B(2, 3)
(e) (i) 4 L (ii) 2.6 L (iii) 5.5 L (f) c = 0.95d 10 (a) 320 L (b) 8 min (c) 40 (d) 40 L/min
5 (a) Number of (e) decreasing volume of water
sets of books (f) (i) 160 L (ii) 80 L (iii) 240 L
sold 0 1 2 3 4 5 (iv) (320 40t) L (g) V = 320 40t
Weekly wage Exercise 6.3 (p. 259)
(dollars) 80 180 280 380 480 580
1 (a) (i) y
(c) Yes (d) W = 80 + 100n (e) $880 x=3
6
6 (a) Time 4
(minutes) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 y=x+2

2
3
Distance
cycled 2 12 0 1 2 3 x

(metres) 0 85 170 255 340 425 510 595
(c) 230 m (d) 3.5 min (e) 11.8 min (ii) Y
4 y=x3
(f) d = 85t (g) 3.4 km
2
7 (a) 2
$US
12 3 2 12 0 1
3 X
10 4
6
8
(iii) Y
6 5
4
4 3
2 y = 2x 1
2
1
4 8 12 16 20 $A 3 2 110
1 2 3 X
(b) $US3.70 (c) $US9.20 (d) $A10.50
2
(e) $A18.30 8 Students own answers. 3
4
5
1 (a) 1 (b) --25- (c) 1--3- (d) 0 (e) 2 (f) undefined
6
2 (a) positive (b) negative (c) zero 7
(d) undefined
3 (a) B (b) A (c) A (d) C (e) B
(iv) Y
4 (i) (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 1--3- (d) 0 (e) 2--5- 15
(ii) Graph b (iii) Graph a 12
5 (a) C (b) B (c) A (d) E 9 y = 3x + 6
6 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1 (e) 2 (f) 1 6
(g) 2 (h) 1 (i) 1--5- (j) 5--9- (k) 0 (l) 0 3
3
3
-----
(m) 5 (n) 5 (o) -
14 2 1 0 1 2 3 X
3
7 (a) 1.2 km (b) 20 min (c) 60 m 6
(d) 60 m/min (e) 60 (f) (i) 360 m
(ii) 720 m (iii) 1080 m (iv) 60t m (g) D = 60t (v) Y
8 (a) Distance (m) 12
500 9
400 6
300 2 3
200 0
3 2 1
3
1 3 X
100
6
10 20 30 Time (s) y = 3x + 3
9
(b) 15 m/s (c) 15 (d) D = 15t (e) 795 m

ans w e rs 525
(vi) 3 (a) Y
Y
10 1
8
6
2 1 0 1 2 X
4
1
2
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 X 2
2
4
y = 4x 2
6 (b) The y-coordinate is 2. (c) horizontal
8
4 (a) Y (b) Y
10
12
14
4
(vii)
Y
10
2 0 X
8 0 X
6
4 y=4x
2 6
6 4 2 0 2 4 X (c) Y (d) Y
2
0 X
(viii)
Y 0
12 1 5 X
10
8
6
y=5x 5 (a) All points must have 0 as the y-coordinate.
4
(b) The y-coordinate is 0. (c) y = 0
2 6 (a) All points must have 0 as the x-coordinate.
6
(b) The x-coordinate is 0. (c) x = 0
6 4 22 0 2 4
X
7 (a) (i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii) 1
4 (b) (i) 2 (ii) 3--2- (iii) 3
(b) (i) 2, 2 (ii) 3, 3 (iii) 1--2- , 1 (iv) 2, 6 (c) (i) 3 (ii) 4---
(iii) 4
3
(v) 1, 3 (vi) 1--2- , 2 (vii) 4, 4 (viii) 5, 5 1
(d) (i) 2 (ii) ---
2
(iii) 1
2 (a)
Y (e) (i) 4 (ii) 1---
(iii) 2
2
2 (f) (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 6
(g) (i) 1 (ii) 5 (iii) 5
1
(h) (i) 5 (ii) 2--5- (iii) 2
0 8 (i) (b) 2, 3 (c) 3, 4 (d) 2, 1 (e) 4, 2

2
1 1 2 3 X
(f) 3, 6 (g) 1, 5 (h) 5, 2
1 (ii) gradient (iii) y-intercept (iv) 2, 5
9 (a) Sample answers: y = 5x, y = 5x + 2, y = 5x 1
2
(b) Sample answers: y = 2, y = 2x 2, y = 5x 2
10 (a) D (b) C
11 (a) Steepness or slope or gradient changes
(b) The x-coordinate is 3. (c) vertical (b) y-intercept changes
1 (i) (a) y-intercept 1, gradient 2
(b) y-intercept 2, gradient 3

(c) y-intercept 3, gradient 1 2 (i) (a) y-intercept 4, gradient 2

(d) y-intercept 3, gradient 7 (b) y-intercept 3, gradient 1
(e) y-intercept 4, gradient 1 (c) y-intercept 2, gradient 3
(f) y-intercept 3, gradient 4 (d) y-intercept 1, gradient 4
(g) y-intercept 4, gradient 1 (e) y-intercept 3, gradient 2
(h) y-intercept 6, gradient 2 (f) y-intercept 2, gradient 3--2-
(ii) (a) Y (b) Y (g) y-intercept 1, gradient 2--3-
3 2
(h) y-intercept 2, gradient ---
y = 2x + 1 y = 3x 2
5
1 (ii) (a) Y (b) Y

1
4
1 X
1 X
2 1 X

2

2 x + y = 3

1 X
3
(c) Y y=x+3
(d) Y 2x + y = 4
y = 7x + 3
10
4 (c) Y (d) Y
1 3
3
3x + y = 2

4x y = 1
1 X

2
1 X

1
3
1 X
(e) Y (f) Y
1 X
5 2x y = 3
2
(e) (f) Y 3 3x + 2y = 4
Y
y=x4
3 1 X 2 X
1
1 X
1 (g) Y (h) Y
1
1 X
5 X
3 1 2
y = 4x + 3 3 X 2x 5y = 10
1
4
2x + 3y = 3
(g) Y (h) Y
4 3 (a) Y (b) Y
3 y = 3x
3 y = x + 4 y = 2x
6 2
1 X 1 X
1 X
1 X
y = 6 2x
ans w e rs 527
(c) Y (d) Y (d) mass of

crude oil
(tonnes)
1 X 1 X
1
y = x 50 000 (0, 48 000)

2 y = 2x
40 000
30 000
(e) Y (f) Y
20 000
(8, 16 000)
2 4 10 000
y = 23 x y = 45 x
0 time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (hours)
3 X 5 X
(e) m = 12 000t + 10 000 (f) 16 000 tonnes
(g) 12 hours
(g) Y (h) Y
1 X 1 X 1 (i) (a) 4, 2 (b) 2, 6 (c) 2, 6 (d) 3, 3
(e) 3, 6 (f) 10, 4 (g) 5, 2 (h) 3, 4
4 4x + y = 0 6 6x + y = 0 (i) 23--- , 12---
(ii) (a) Y (b) Y
4 (a) y = 3x + 4 (b) y = x + 5 (c) y = 2x
(d) y = 4x (e) y = 5x + 1 (f) y = 3x 4 6
5 (a) D (b) C
6 (a) B (b) E (c) A (d) B 2 3x + y = 6
x + 2y = 4
7 (a) D (b) A (c) C
4 X
8 Sample answers: (a) (0, 4) (1, 3) (2, 2)
2 X
(b) (0, 2) (1, 2.4) (5, 0) (c) (0, 0.5) (2, 0) (4, 0.5)
9 (a) 50 (b) 25 (c) d = 25t + 50 (d) 25 m/min
(c) Y (d) Y
(e) 550 m
10 (a) 30 (b) 30 km/h (c) d = 100t + 90 X
2 X 3
11 (a) mass of
crude oil 3x y = 6 xy=3

3
(tonnes)
6
120 000
100 000 (8, 106 000)
80 000 (e) Y (f) Y
60 000 X
3 10 X
40 000
4 2x 5y = 20
4x 2y = 12
20 000 6
(0, 10 000)
0 time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (hours)
(b) 12 000 (c) m = 12 000t + 10 000 (g) Y (h) Y
2 2x + 5y = 10
4
5 X 4x + 3y = 12
3 X

(i) Y (d) V
1 630
2 3x + 4y = 2
2 X
3
2 (i) (a) 4, 8 (b) 3, 9 (c) 5, 5 (d) 2, 2

(e) 2, 6 (f) --12- , 2 (g) --4- ,
3
2 (h) --52- , 1
t
(ii) (a) Y (b) Y 42
X 3 X 6 Possible solutions (1, 0) and (0, 3), (1, 0) and (0, 3),
4
(2, 0) and (0, 6)
y = 2x 8 y = 3x 9 7 (a) $7500 (b) 25 months

9 (c) Amount
8
owing ($A)
8000
(0, 7500)
(c) Y (d) Y 7000
6000
5 2
y=x+5 5000
y=x+2
4000
5 X
2 X
3000
(e) Y (f) Y 2000
1000
6 2 (25, 0)
0
y = 6 3x 4 8 12 16 20 24 t (months)
(d) $A = $300t + $7500 (e) $5700 (f) $4200
2 X 1 X Exercise 6.6 (p. 271)
2
y = 2 4x
1 (a) Y (b) Y
y=4
(g) Y (h) Y
5y = 2x 5 4
2 y=2
2 2y = 3x + 4

5 X
1 2
X X
4 X
3
(c) Y (d) x = 1 Y
3 (a) C (b) B x = 3
4 (a) (i) $150 (ii) $100 (iii) $(175 25n)
(b) A = 175 25n (c) $175 (d) 7
(e) A

3 X
175

1 X
n
7
5 (a) 555 L (b) 630 L (c) 42 min
ans w e rs 529
(e) Y (f) Y (c) Y (d) Y

x= 5 y = 5x 4
2 1 4
5
X X
1 X
3 y=
3 y= 6
4
4

6
4
5
2 X
2 (a) y = 6 (b) y = 2 (c) y = 2--3- x (d) y = 3

--- (e) Y (f) Y
4 y = 5x
3 (a) D (b) B (c) E 5
4 (a) Y x=2 (b) x = 3 Y X
1
8 (2, 8) y=8 (3, 4)

2
4 y = 2x
y=4 1 X
(g) Y (h) Y
x=8
2 X 3 X x = 4
(c) x = 5 Y
(d) Y x=3
y = 2x 8 X 4 X
6 (3, 6)
(i) Y (j) Y

( 5, 0) y=0
5 X 3 X
x + 4y = 4 x 3y = 6
1 X
6 X
(e) Y (f) Y 4 2
10 y = 10 x=0
(2, 10) 7
(k) Y (l) Y
(0, 0) 6 X
2 X 1 X 2 2x + 4y = 8
y = 5x 3x 2y = 18
y = 7x

9 4 X
5 (a) Y (b) Y (m) Y (n) Y

2
y = 3x 1 x=0 y=0
y=1 X
1
1
1 X X X
3
1

(o) Y (p) Y 2 (a) a = 2 (b) b = 6 (c) b = 3 (d) d = 1

(e) r = 5 (f) e = 2 (g) e = 4 (h) g = 8
5 X (i) h = 2 (j) p = 5 (k) x = 7 (l) p = 15
3 1
y = 5 2x 4 (m) k = 13 (n) y = 2 3--5- (o) p = 2 3--4-
3 3 3 (a) x = 6 (b) x = 8 (c) x = 27 (d) x = 36
y = 3 4x (e) x = 42 (f) x = 12 (g) x = 36 (h) x = 3 3--4-
1 5 X

(i) x = 10 (j) x = 0 (k) x = 14
(l) x = 15
2 7
(m) x = 8 (n) x = 55 (o) x = 57
4 (a) D (b) B (c) E (d) C
(q) Y (r) Y 5 (a) B (b) C (c) E (d) A (e) D
(f) C
2
6 (a) x + 7 = 19, x = 12 (b) y 5 = 3, y = 8
x+y2=0 x
xy+1=0 (c) 3x = 14, x = 4 --23- (d) --- = 5, x = 20
1 4
(e) 2x + 3 = 13, x = 5 (f) 4x 7 = 12, x = 1 1--4-
2 X 1 X
7 Sample answers: 5, 3, 1, 1, 3, 5
8 (a) x = 5 (b) x = 2 (c) x = 2 (d) x = 1
(s) Y (t) Y
(e) x = 6 (f) x = 4 (g) x = 5 (h) x = 1
4y = 3x (i) x = 2 (j) x = 0 (k) x = 6 (l) x = 2
3 2y = x 9 (a) 63, 65, 67 (b) 48, 50, 52, 54
(c) 84, 91, 98, 105, 112, 119
1
4 X 2 X 1 (a) x=9 (b) x = 6 (c) x = 7 (d) x = 14
(e) x = 9 (f) x = 12 (g) x = 8 (h) x = 4
(i) x=6
6 Students own answers 2 (a) x=4 (b) x = 2 (c) x = 2 (d) x = --17-
7 (a) Y (e) x = 1 (f) x = 6 (g) x = 1 1--2- (h) x = 5
(i) 2 1---
10 7
3 (a) E (b) B
8
4 (a) x = 5--8- (b) x = 1 -----
11-
12
(c) x = 8 --12-
6 (d) x = --1- (e) x = --16- (f) x = -----
8-
(g) x = -----
11-
4 15 14
4 (h) x = 2---
3
(i) 2 5--6-
2 2(4x 1)
5 Sample answer: ---------------------- = 6
5
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 X 6 (a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 88
(b) (0, 0), (3, 6), (3, 10), (2, 10), (2, 3) Exercise 6.9 (p. 285)
(c) Y
1 (a) c = 7 (b) b = 8 (c) a = 6 (d) d = 7
(e) e=4 (f) f = 2 (g) g = 7 (h) h = 6
10 (i) x=2 (j) j = 2 (k) k = 3--2- (l) y = 3
8 2 (a) m=4 (b) n = 2 (c) x = 1 (d) p = 3
(e) y=1 (f) x = 3 (g) a = 0 (h) x = 9
6 (i) p=4
4 3 (a) x=8 (b) x = 10 (c) x = 4 (d) x = 2
(e) x = 3 1--4- (f) x = 5 5--6- (g) x = 1-
-----
11
2
(h) x = -----
27
4
- (i) x = 21 2--3-
3
2 1 0 1 2 3 X 4 (a) b = 22 (b) a = 21 (c) c = 3 (d) d = 8
(e) x = 16 1--2- (f) y = 10 (g) g = 1 (h) k = 1
(d) Yes, the shed will be on the new road.
(i) m = 10 (j) j = 1 1--2- (k) x = 5 1--2-
(l) p = 19 (m) x = 2 --13- (n) y = 26-
-----
1 (a) a = 3 (b) x = 5 (c) b = 4 (d) f = 4 41
(e) h = 2 (f) x = 1 (g) k = --25- (h) p = 2 --14- 5 Students own answers
(i) r = 5--6- (j) x = 4 (k) x = 9 (l) x = 6 6 (a) B (b) D (c) E (d) A
(m) y = 0 (n) x = 3 1--8- (o) x = 6--7- 7 3 8 24 9 1 10 12
ans w e rs 531
Exercise 6.10 (p. 288) (i) 9

8 7
6 5
4 3
2
1
1 (a) k + 4 (b) 3k (c) 3(k + 4) (d) 15
2 (a) x 5 (b) x + x 5 = 17; x = 11 (j) 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
(c) Andrew: 11; Lori: 6
3 length 13 m, width 10 m
(k)
4 Mark: 600 m; Annette: 300 m; Sue: 1200 m 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
5 $1.65 6 16 7 49, 55, 76
8 15 9 11 cm 10 21 (l)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
11 Any number between 23 and 32
12 Gabby 30, Kate 15, Joe 12, Brett 48. 2 (a)
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(b) 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P C+g
1 (a) k = ---- (b) c = y mx (c) h = ------------
m a (c) 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
ac kn + 2
(d) x = ----------- (e) p = --------------- (f) w = u(v + xy)
b m (d) 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
m+n
2 (a) x = z y (b) x = 3a + 2b (c) x = --------------
k
(e)
fc 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
(d) x = --------- (e) x = rt p (f) x = vy + w
d
(f)
kp y mw t mn + k 6
5 4
3 2
1 0 1 2
(g) x = -------------- (h) x = ---------------- (i) x = -----------------
2 r ap 3 Number line must pass over zero and have a closed
gh e n(t kp) y(f b) circle on the left and an open circle on the right.
(j) x = -------------- (k) x = --------------------- (l) x = ------------------
cd m d 4 (a) B (b) D (c) A (d) E
vu
3 (a) t = ------------ (b) (i) t = 4 (ii) t = 2.8 5 (a)
a 250 000 260 000 270 000 280 000 290 000
C (b) p 270 000
4 (a) r = ------ (b) (i) r = 100 (ii) r = 2.61
2 6 0 s 100 7 n5
V
5 h = -------2- ; h = 2
P 2l
6 w = -------------- ; w = 19 8 7c 380 or c 54.29
r 2 9 (a) 50 x 120; 0 y 40
M (b) x + y 120
7 (a) M = DV; M = 84 (b) V = ----- ; V = 1.9
D (c) When x = 80 and y = 40 profit is a maximum
2A ah of $64.
8 b = -------------------; b = 13
h
2(S na)
9 (a) d = ----------------------- 1 (a) x 10 (b) x 5 (c) x 10
n(n 1)
(d) x 35 (e) x 9 (f) x 28
S (n 1) d 2S n(n 1) d
(b) a = --- -------------------- or a = ------------------------------------ (g) x 5 --13- (h) x 5 --25- (i) x 9
n 2 2n
(j) x 8 (k) x 2 (l) x 8 (m) x 4
Exercise 6.12 (p. 295) (n) x 11 (o) x 4 (p) x 8 (q) x 11
(r) x 10
1 (a) 2 (a) y 5 (b) y 6 (c) y 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(d) y 12 (e) y 21 (f) y 12
(b) (g) y 8 (h) y 2 (i) y 4 (j) y -----
1-
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15
(c) (k) y 1---

2
(l) y 3 1--6- (m) y 4 1--3-
5 4 3
2 1 0 1 2 3
(n) y 3 5--6- (o) y 4
(d) 6 5 4
3 2 1 0 1 3 (a) B (b) D (c) B (d) E
4 (a) x 2--3- (b) x -----
3-
(c) x 0 (d) x 0
(e)
11
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 (e) x 4 (f) x 12 (g) x 25
(f) (h) x 4 6--7-
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 (a) y 1 (b) y 3 (c) y 2 --13-
(g) (d) y --1- (e) y 30 (f) y 36
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 3
(h) (g) y 12 (h) y 6

---
7
(i) y 4 -----
13
9
-
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 20C 428; C $21.40 (c) Y (d) Y

7 0.40n + 3.45 5; n 8.75 so n = 1, 2, 3
8 Sample answer: 2x 5 12 + 3x
4
Chapter review (p. 301)
1 (a) Number 0 X
of weeks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 X
Amount x=0
paid ($) 500 590 680 770 860 950 1040
(b) Amount 6 (a) 4, 2 (b) 2, 3

---
2
paid ($)
Y Y
2300 1
2120 1 X
1940 2 X
2
1760 2y = 3x 4
1580 y = 2x 4 2
1400 4
1220
1040
860 (c) 5, 1 (d) 2, --32-
680 Y Y
500
5 2
0
4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Number of weeks
x+y=5 X
2
(c) $1490 (d) 15 weeks (e) A = 500 + 90n 1
(f) $1850
2 5 3 (a) B (b) D 1 X 3x + 2y = 4
4 (e) 0, 3 (f) 0, 5
Y
6 y = 2x + 4 Y Y
y = 3x
4

2 0 1 X
3
2 12 1 2 3 X 3
4
6
x-intercept 2 0 X
1 5
y-intercept 4 y = 5x
m=2
5 (a) (b) 7 (a) Y (b) Y
Y Y
4 2x + 5y = 20
1 X
4x y = 4 10 X
0 y=0 X 2 0 X
4
(c) Y y = 3x + 6 (d) Y
5
y = 5 2x
6
2 12 X
2
X
ans w e rs 533
8 8 (a) x2 + 2x 15 (b) 2x2 13x + 15

(c) Y (c) 12x + 2x 30
2
9 (a) 3(x + 2) (b) 5x(x 2) (c) (g 5)(3 + k)
3 10 (a) b (b) c (c) a
(b)
y=3 11 (a) x = 6.8 cm (b) y = 176.7 m (c) a = 7.0 cm
12 (a) 59 (b) 60 (c) 57

2 1 X Chapter 7
Prep zone (p. 310)
(a) 1 (a) Day Tally Frequency
y = 5x
5
x = 2 M |||| |||| |||| |||| 20
T |||| |||| 9
9 (a) B (b) D (c) A W |||| 5
10 (a) x = 5 (b) x = 1 (c) x = 45 (d) x = 72 Th |||| 4
(e) x = 0 (f) x = 2 1--2- F |||| |||| || 12
11 (a) x = 9 (b) x = 19 (c) x = 1 --29- (d) x = 3 Total 50
12 (a) x = 2 1--6- (b) x = 19 (c) x = 9 (d) x = 1
(b) Frequency
(e) x = 1 1--2- (f) x = 8 1--5-
20
13 (a) B (b) C 18
t+r ks w
14 (a) a = ---------- (b) x = --------------- 16
xy a
14
vu
15 (a) a = ------------ (b) a = 4 12
t 10
16 (a) 8
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6
(b)
4
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
2
(c)
0
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 M T W Th F
Days of the week
17 (a)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
2 Distance
(b) S 8 from home (km)
18 (a) d 1 (b) x 1 (c) y 3 1--3- (d) a 5
19 (a) (0, 0) and (5, 350) (b) 70 (c) 70 m/min 240
(d) d = 70t (e) 560 m 200
20 (a) 21, 22, 23 (b) 22, 24, 26, 28 160
21 length 17 m, width 12 m 120
80
V
22 (a) V = IR; V = 150 (b) R = ---; R = 13.04 40
I 0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
23 2 89 + 16.50n 250; n 4.4 so at least 5 towels am noon pm Time
24 (b) 80 km/h (c) 15 min (d) 100 km/h
(f) 80 km/h (g) D = 80t (h) 22 1--2- min 3 STEM | LEAF
(i) 50 km 3 | 9
4 | 7 8
4(2x 3) 3(3x + 2)
25 ---------------------- = ----------------------- , x = 6 5 | 2 5 7
3 5
6 | 4 6 6 7
Replay (p. 306) 7 | 0 1 1 4 4
1 $447.50 2 (a) $4920 (b) $19 920 8 | 1 2 3 4 8 8
3 (a) $6.42 (b) $8.85 9 | 0 6 9
4 (a) 675 cm2 (b) 67.5 cm2 (c) 30 cm2 4 median = 20.5; interquartile range = 8
5 (a) 184 cm 3 (b) 1007.4 cm 3 (c) 310.8 cm3
6 (a) 35 (b) 144
7 (a) 9.8 m (b) 4.7 m

Exercise 7.1 (p. 312) median = 78.5, mode = 78

1 (a) nominal (b) nominal (c) quantitative (e) One value, at either end of the data set, will have
(d) quantitative (e) quantitative an effect on the mean, but will do nothing to either
(f) quantitative (g) nominal (h) nominal the median or the mode.
2 (i) (c) discrete (d) discrete Exercise 7.3 (p. 321)
(e) continuous (f) discrete
1 (a) STEM | LEAF
(ii) (a) categorical (b) categorical
0 | 5 6 6 7
(g) ordinal (h) categorical
1 | 0 1 3
3 (a) discrete (b) continuous (c) continuous
1 | 5 5 8
(d) discrete (e) continuous (f) continuous
2 | 0 1 2 2
(g) discrete (h) continuous
2 | 6 6
4 Students own answers
5 (a) B (b) A (c) E STEM | LEAF
6 The results are discrete because there is a fixed, 0 | 5 6 6 7
countable number of values possible. There is no 1 | 0 1 3 5 5 8
doubt in the measuring process and no rounding off 2 | 0 1 2 2 6 6
is necessary. (b) STEM | LEAF
7 The height recorded was an approximation that was 2 | 0 0 0 2 4
forced upon the measurer because of the limited 2 | 6 8 8 9 9
accuracy of the measuring device. 3 | 0 1 2
3 | 6 8
1 (a) x = 3, median = 3, mode = 1 STEM | LEAF
(b) x = 3.64, median = 4, mode = 4 2 | 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 8 9 9
(c) x = 14, median = 14, mode = 13 3 | 0 1 2 6 8
(d) x = 35.25, median = 35.5, mode = 36 2 (a) STEM | LEAF
(e) x = 4.67, median = 4, mode = 4 16 | 1 3
(f) x = 4, median = 3, mode = 1 16 | 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 9 9
(g) x = 15.4, median = 14, mode = 13 17 | 0 1 2 2 3
(h) x = 37, median = 36, mode = 36 17 | 8 9
2 (a) C (b) B (c) C 18 | 0 3
3 Julia should tell Sara that the cheapest house in her (b) STEM | LEAF
sample is $194 000, the dearest is $365 000, the most 16 | 1 3 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 9 9
common price is $221 000 (although this only 17 | 0 1 2 2 3 8 9
represented two houses), the middle value of houses 18 | 0 3
is $255 950 and the mean price is $255 950. In 3 (a) 30.5 (b) 58 4 (a) D (b) C
essence, the bulk of the houses in the sample were 5 (a) STEM | LEAF
between about $220 000 and $270 000. With this 4 | 1 2 8
information Sara should be able to decide if she can 5 | 1 6 7 8
afford to live in this area. 6 | 2 3 7 7 8
4 Students own answers 7 | 4
5 138 6 35 7 226 mm each month Median = 58
8 (a) (i) 3, 3, or 3, 4 or 3, 5 or 3, 6 or 3, 7 or 3, 8
(b) STEM | LEAF
(ii) 3, 9 (iii) 3, 3
2 | 2 3 8
(b) Nomedian cannot be 3
3 | 0 1 4 7
9 (a) x = 13.85, median = 14, mode = 14
(b) x = 13, median = 14, mode = 14 4 | 1 2 8
(c) median, mode the same, x smaller 5 | 2 7
10 (a) x = 476.15, median = 470, mode = 470 Median = 35.5
(b) x = 496.92, median = 480, mode = 470 6 (a) STEM | LEAF
(c) Mode the same; mean changed by 21 2 | 0 1 2 3
11 (a) mean = 3.56, median = 3, mode = 2 2 | 7 7 8
(b) mean = 4.44, median = 3, mode = 2 3 | 1 4
(c) The mean increased by just under 25% while the 3 | 8
other two measures stayed the same. 4 | 2
(d) (i) mean = 15.6/16.6, median = 15.5, mode = Median = 27
14 and 16 (ii) mean = 35.22/33.56, median = 35,
mode = 33 and 35 (iii) mean = 103.11/99.89,
median = 102, mode = 101 (iv) mean = 80.5/78.5,
ans w e rs 535
(b) STEM | LEAF but the stem-and-leaf plot does make the
0 | 5 6 7 9 presentation of the data much neater.
1 | 2 3
1 | 5 7 9 Exercise 7.4 (p. 328)
2 | 0 1 4 1 (a) (i) 166 (ii) 38 (iii) 14
2 | 6 8 (b) (i) 156 (ii) 31 (iii) 12
Median = 16 (c) (i) 167 (ii) 41 (iii) 15
2 (a) B (b) D (c) E (d) B (e) E
7 (a) STEM | LEAF
2 | 1 4 8 3 Punter
3 | 0 2 4 5
Lake
4 | 0 5
5 | 0 4 9
(b) Stem 3, which represents actual distances of 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
29 500 to 39 499 km inclusive. runs
(c) Sales representatives in the country will drive Punter is a much more consistent scorer
more kilometres than the city representatives. (interquartile range of 35 compared with 55 for Lake).
8 (a) 31 (b) 72 (c) 35 Punter has a higher median (57) than Lake (45).
9 (a) STEM | LEAF
4 (a) Danielle
0 | 5 6 6 7
1 | 0 1 3 Martina
1 | 5 5 8
2 | 0 1 2 2
2 | 6 6 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184
Median = 15 number of shoes sold per day
(b) STEM | LEAF (b) Danielle sold more shoes (3410); Martina (3342)
2 | 0 0 0 2 4 (c) Danielle has higher median (160) than Martina
2 | 6 8 8 9 9 (148.5) (d) Martina is more consistent
3 | 0 1 2 (interquartile range = 26) than Danielle (45).
3 | 6 8 5 (a)
Median = 28
10 (a) STEM | LEAF 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
8 | 0 3 4 4 6 6 7 9 IQR = 12
9 | 1 1 2 6 6 8 9
10 | 3 3 4 5 7 7 9 (b)
11 | 8
12 | 6 8 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
(b) Median = 96 IQR = 12
11 (a) STEM | LEAF 6 (a)
16 | 1 3
16 | 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 9 9 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150
17 | 0 1 2 2 3 number of chocolate bars
17 | 8 9
(b) interquartile range = 141 128 = 13
18 | 0 3
(b) Median = 169 cm 7 (a)
12 (a) Students own answers
(b) You can add from 7 to 13 new values and still 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
have 24 as the median. IQR = 13
13 (a) 87.15
(b) STEM | LEAF (b)
8 | 0 0 2 3 4
8 | 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
9 | 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 IQR = 9
(c) 87.5 (d) The approximate value is 0.4% larger
than the actual median.
(e) Rounding off does not seem to make a lot of
difference to the value found but the rounding was
not really significant itself. The loss of accuracy is of
no concern. There is no real time saving in this case

8 A
(b) White cars Yellow cars
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
B | 0 | 2 3 8
| 1 | 4 5 8
62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 | 2 | 1 5 6 7 9
kg 8 | 3 | 0 3 4 5 7
Team A has a higher interquartile range (19) than B 9 | 4 | 2 4
(17) and a greater median (76 to 74). 5 | 5 |
9 Students own answers 4 3 1 1 | 6 |
10 (a) There is no left whisker, so it must be the same 9 6 5 2 2 | 7 |
value as the lower quartile. This indicates a cluster of 8 7 2 | 8 |
values at this point. (b) There does not appear to 6 0 | 9 |
be a median. It must be the same as either the lower 2 Red lollies Yellow lollies
quartile or the upper quartile. There will be a cluster LEAF | STEM | LEAF
of values at this point. (c) There are no whiskers. 3 2 1 0 | 2 |
This means there must be clusters of values at both 8 7 7 | 2 |
the lower quartile and the upper quartile. 4 1 | 3 |
11 (a) 8 | 3 |
females
2 | 4 | 2
| 4 | 7 7 8
males | 5 | 1 2 3
| 5 | 6 7 8
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 | 6 | 1 4
| 6 | 8
(b) The following table shows the values calculated
3 (a) Day 1 Day 2
for these data sets. (Not all of them were strictly
LEAF | STEM | LEAF
required by the question.)
1 | 12 | 1 2
mean min lower median upper max IQR 9 9 8 8 6 6 5 | 12 | 6 6 7 8 9
quartile quartile
4 3 3 0 | 13 | 0 3 3
Males 76.37 73.97 75.405 76.15 77.205 79.26 1.8
8 6 | 13 | 6 7 8 9 9
Females 82.00 78.89 81.505 81.9 82.41 83.98 0.905 3 2 2 0 | 14 | 0 0 1 1 4
There is no questionfemales live longer than 6 | 14 |
males! There is only one figure for females that is 0 | 15 |
less than the maximum value for males. This is for (b) Day 1 Day 2
Melton, which also produced a low value for males LEAF | STEM | LEAF
(less than the lower quartile). The female scores are 9 9 8 8 6 6 5 1 | 12 | 1 2 6 6 7 8 9
much more tightly bunched than the malesthis is 8 6 4 3 3 0 | 13 | 0 3 3 6 7 8 9 9
confirmed by the IQR. 6 3 2 2 0 | 14 | 0 0 1 1 4
(c), (d) & (e) Students own answers 0 | 15 |
(f) We would not expect every sample to give 4 Essendon Richmond
exactly the same results but given the differences LEAF | STEM | LEAF
between the data sets it would be surprising if any 8 | 6 |
sample gave the male life expectancy as greater than 9 7 4 | 7 |
that of females. 8 6 2 | 8 | 4 5
4 2 | 9 | 2 5 5
Exercise 7.5 (p. 335) 5 2 | 10 | 3 4 4 7
1 (a) Blue cars Red cars 5 | 11 | 6 8
LEAF | STEM | LEAF 0 | 12 | 2 9
8 3 2 | 2 | 5 Kim Paul
7 4 1 0 | 3 | LEAF | STEM | LEAF
8 2 1 | 4 | 1 2 8 4 4 | 1 | 1 3 4
7 2 | 5 | 1 6 7 8 8 7 6 | 1 | 6 8
| 6 | 2 3 7 7 8 4 2 1 0 | 2 | 1 3 4
| 7 | 4 8 5 | 2 | 7 8
2 | 3 | 4
| 3 | 6
ans w e rs 537
6 Profits
(b) Rugby players weight (cm)
($ dollars 1000) Eels | |Broncos
7 | 7 | 8 8
40 computer type 1
3 1 0 0 | 8 | 0
35 computer type 2 8 6 5 | 8 | 6 6 7 7 9
30 3 1 | 9 | 0 1 2 2 3
25
7 6 5 | 9 | 5 5 7 7 8 8
20
15 4 4 1 0 0 0 | 10 | 1 1 3 3 4
10 5 5 5 5 | 10 | 5 7 9
5 0 | 11 | 2
0 | 11 |
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Months 0 | 12 |
7 Numbers of cars (c) For the Eels
sold 1000 Height: mean = 183.6, lower quartile = 180,
Sterling cars median = 185, upper quartile = 187.5
16 Slick cars Weight: mean = 95.64, lower quartile = 85.5,
14 median = 97, upper quartile = 104.5
12
10 For the Broncos
8 Height: mean = 184.2, lower quartile = 181,
6 median = 184.5, upper quartile = 189
4 Weight: mean = 94.8, lower quartile = 88,
2 median = 95, upper quartile = 102
0 As far as height is concerned the shortest player is a
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year
Bronco and the tallest is an Eel. The mean slightly
8 Number sold favours the Broncos in height, but the median
slightly favours the Eels. However, the Eels are
40 Shrimp Real Estate slightly more spread out.
35 As far as weight is concerned both the lightest and
30 Blacks Property Developers
the heaviest players are Eels. The stem-and-leaf plot
25
20 shows the concentration of Broncos players in the
15 mid-weight range. The Broncos are slightly lighter
10 than the Eels.
5 11
0 Number of New car sales
Houses Land Units
Type of real estate vehicles
45 000
9 Group A Group B
40 000
LEAF | STEM | LEAF 35 000
3 1 | 16 | 0 1 4 30 000
9 9 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 | 16 | 7 9 9 25 000
3 2 2 1 0 | 17 | 0 0 0 3 3 3 20 000
9 8 | 17 | 7 7 7 9 9 15 000
3 0 | 18 | 0 0 2 10 000
10 (a) Rugby players height (cm) 5 000
0
Eels | |Broncos
Holden
Toyota
Ford
Mitsubishi
Nissan
Hyundai
Mazda
Honda
Subaru
| 16 | 8
4 1 0 | 17 |
5 | 17 | 5 6 8 8
4 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 | 18 | 0 0 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 YTD March 2002 YTD March 2001
9 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 5 5 | 18 | 5 5 5 8 8 8 9 9 9
Holden and Toyota have seen the biggest increases
2 0 | 19 | 0 0 1 2 2
in 2002 compared to 2001. Ford is relatively stable
5 | 19 |
while Mitsubishi and Honda sales have fallen, with
the drop for Honda being more significant than the
drop for Mitsubishi. It would appear that total sales
are upthe increases for Holden and Toyota should
more than compensate for the relatively small drops
seen for a number of manufacturers.

12 (a) whole of Victoria. For all types of dwelling they are

Motorcycle accidents Deaths
Number quite close to both the mean and median rental price.
1400 Minor injuries
1200 Serious injuries Exercise 7.6 (p. 344)
1000
800 1 (a) Frequency
7
600
6
400
200 5
0 4
1999 2000 2001 Year 3
2
(b) The small number of fatalities compared to the
1
number of minor injuries makes this difficult to
draw. (c) The number of fatalities is on the 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
increase with this pattern repeated for serious Number of staff absent
injuries. There is a slight decline in the number of
minor injuries. The significance of any of these (b) Frequency
8
changes is not really shown in the graph because of 7
the scale required to fit in the number of deaths. 6
13 Students own answers, but note it would be easiest 5
to start from the median value and keep adding 4
values either side to get the desired result. 3
14 (a) 2
Rent ($) Rental prices Victoria 2001 1
400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
350 1br flat 2br house
2br flat 3br house Number of flaws
300
250 (c) Frequency
200 6
150 5
100 4
50 3
0
2
Inner Melbourne
Inner-eastern Melbourne
Southern Melbourne
Western Melbourne
Northwestern Melbourne
Northeastern Melbourne
Outer-eastern Melbourne
Mornington Peninsula
Geelong
Bendigo
Southeastern Melbourne
Ballarat
0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of goals
2 (a) Frequency
7
6
5
4
(b) The trend is quite consistent: one bedroom flats 3
are the cheapest, followed by two bedroom flats, 2
then two bedroom houses, with three bedroom 1
houses being the most expensive. Inner Melbourne
is clearly the most expensive in each category. The 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of staff absent
prices at the bottom end of the market are quite
close across several regions. The further out from (b) Frequency
Melbourne, the cheaper the rent is a basic trend 8
coming through. The following table gives the mean 7
and median prices (to the nearest dollar) for each 6
type of dwelling. 5
4
1br 2br 2br 3br 3
at at house house 2
Mean $119 $167 $183 $194 1
Median $113 $155 $172 $189
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Both Western Melbourne and Outer-eastern Number of flaws
Melbourne would do a good job of representing the
ans w e rs 539
3 (a) Frequency 5 (a) Frequency

25 6
20 5
15 4
10
3
5
2
911 1214 1517 1820 2123 2426 1
Number of students
(b) Frequency 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
7 Height of students (cm)
6
5 (b) Frequency
4 6
3 5
2 4
1 3
2
04 59 1014 1519 2024 2529
Number of patrons 1
(c) Frequency 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
8 Arm span (cm)
7
6 (c) Frequency
5 12
4 10
3 8
2 6
1
4
02 35 68 911 1214 1517 2
Number in queue
160 170 180 190 200 210 220
4 (a) Frequency Maximum length jumped (cm)
25
20 6 (a) Frequency
6
15 5
10 4
3
5 2
1
911 1214 1517 1820 2123 2426
Number of students 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
Height of students (cm)
(b) Frequency
7 (b) Frequency
6 6
5 5
4
4
3
3
2
2 1
1
04 59 1014 1519 2024 2529 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
Arm span (cm)
Number of patrons

7 (a) Frequency (e) Frequency

8 20
7
16
6
5 12
4 8
3
4
2
1
162.5 167.5 172.5 177.5 182.5 187.5 192.5 197.5
Mass of individual oranges (g)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of days absent (f) Frequency
9
(b) Frequency 8
7 7
6 6
5
5
4
4
3
3 2
2 1
1
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Maximum temperature (C)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of brothers and sisters 8 (a) B (b) A
9 (a) A (b) D (c) C
(c) Frequency 10 (a) Distance (km) Frequency
16
01.9 5
12 23.9 7
45.9 4
8 67.9 5
89.9 3
4
1011.9 1
f = 25
3 8 13 18 23 28 33 (b) and (c)

Number of bird species sighted Frequency
7
(d) Frequency 6
20
5
16 4
12 3
2
8
1
4
01.9 23.9 45.9 67.9 89.9 1011.9
Distance (km)
75 125 175 225 275 325 375 425
Value of house ($000)
ans w e rs 541
(d) Distance (km) Frequency (c) There seems to be some variation from the rule
02 5 for these data.
24 7 (d) 186 cm; this is quite close to what the rule of
46 4 thumb would predict.
68 5 2 (a) and (b)
810 3 Head
1012 1 circumference
f = 25 (cm) Birth weight vs head circumference
38
(e) and (f)
Frequency 37
36
7
6 35
5 34 y = 0.0019x + 28.273
4
33
3
2 32
1 31
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Birth weight (g)
Distance (km) (c) (i) 36 cm (ii) 4330 g (iii) 38 cm
(g) You cannot tell if the distances have been (d) There seems to be a fair bit of variation from the
rounded off to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or if line of best fit predictions.
they are really continuous values. If the question 3 (a)
said the data had been rounded off then there would 200 m (s)
be no confusion. 100 m vs 200 m
23.5
23
12 (a) 47 (b) 8090
22.5
(c) It is somewhere in the range 8090; you
cannot be more precise than this. 22
(d) It is somewhere in the range 140150; you 21.5
cannot be more precise than this. (e) 19 21
20.5
Exercise 7.7 (p. 350) 20
The answers to this Exercise are based on the equation 19.5
of the line of best fit given in Excel. If the graphs are 9 10 11 12 13
hand-drawn then different answers would be expected.
100 m (s)
They could be some distance from the answers given
here. The scatter plot shows there is a close connection
1 (a) and (b) between the times for these two distances. You could
use one to predict the other with some confidence.
19 year
(b)
height (cm)
Male height predictor 5000 m (s)
192 100 m vs 5000 m
18
190 17
y = 1.6128x + 34.61
188 16
15
186
14
184 13
182 12
11
180
10
178 9 10 11 12 13
100 m (s)
176
88 90 92 94 96 98 This scatter plot indicates that there may be a
30-month height (cm) connection between the times for the two races but
it is not as strong a connection as for the other two 5 (a)

distances. Predictions could probably be made about Mean Temp C
the other time given one of them but not with as New Zealand 19712000
13.5
much confidence.
(c) The 100 m and 200 m are both sprints. The 13
record holder could be the same person, in fact. The
12.5
5000 m is a different type of race altogether. Some
countries seem to produce sprinters and others 12
produce middle to long distance runners. This effect
11.5 y = 0.00005x + 12.519
is being seen in the data.
4 (a) 11
Height (m) 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Olympic High Jump Year
2.5
(b) A straight line does not seem to do much of a
2 job at all. The data appears to be cyclic with a
number of warm years followed by a number of cold
1.5 y = 0.0057x 8.9838 years and so on. The straight line just goes through
the middle of the data. It doesnt seem to be able to
1 cope with the annual fluctuation seen in these
0.5 temperatures.
(c) The Excel equation predicts constant
0 temperatures of around 12.5C.
1892 1908 1924 1940 1956 1972 1988 2004 (d) The actual figures are relatively close to the
Year predictions. This perhaps indicates that the long-
term mean surface temperature for New Zealand
1988: 2.35 m 1992: 2.37 m
will remain around 12.5C. However, it does
1996: 2.39 m 2000: 2.42 m
nothing about predicting how far individual years
(b) Most of these predictions are quite close, with
might be from the long-term average.
the 1996 value matching the prediction. The 1992
value is not close to predicted. Chapter review (p. 357)
1 (a) continuous (b) discrete
Height (m) 2 (a) 10th value (b) 11th and 12th values
Olympic High Jump
3 (c) 55th value
3 (a) (i) 2 (ii) 4 (iii) 4.23
2.5 (b) (i) 130 and 149 (ii) 133 (iii) 133.83
2 4 (a) 76 (b) 171.5
y = 0.0058x 9.251 5 (a) (i) Median = $1050
1.5 (ii) Range = 1450 550 = 900
1 (iii) Interquartile range = 1250 900 = 350
(b) (i) Median = $950
0.5 (ii) Range = 1300 600 = 700
0
(iii) Interquartile range = 1000 700 = 300
1892 1908 1924 1940 1956 1972 1988 2004 (c) (i) Median = 205 km
(ii) Range = 235 170 = 65
Year
(iii) Interquartile range = 230 180 = 50
(c) 2000: 2.35 m (d) (i) Median = 165 km
(d) The prediction was exact. The problems come (ii) Range = 230 140 = 90
from the fact that the height at the next Olympic (iii) Interquartile range = 170 150 = 20
Games will not always be higher than the previous 6 minimum = 7, lower quartile = 13, median = 17,
games (e.g. as in 1992), but the line of best fit upper quartile = 20.5, maximum = 25
predicts it will rise every time.
7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
ans w e rs 543
7 Cobram Foster 3540 6

LEAF | STEM | LEAF 4045 4
8 | 1 |
4550 5
9 7 0 | 2 |
4 2 2 | 3 | 3 (b) Frequency
8 5 2 | 4 | 6
5 | 5 | 5 5
| 6 | 2 2 4 8 4
| 7 | 4 9 3
| 8 | 5 2
| 9 | 5 1
| 10 |
| 11 | 7 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5
Weight of oranges (kg)
8 (a) 169, 167, 167, 180, 167, 169, 165, 183, 161, 179,
163, 178, 171, 170, 137, 165, 172, 166, 172, 168 11 (The answers to this have been completed using the
rule for the line of best fit generated by Excel. If a
Height Frequency hand-drawn line of best fit is used then the answers
131140 1 will be different.)
141150 0 (a) and (b)
151160 0 Price ($) Carats vs Cost
161170 12 1000
900
171180 6
800
181190 1 700 y = 3713.5x 251.8
600
(b) Frequency 500
(heights) 400
300
12 200
10 100
8 0
6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
4 Carats
2 (c) $490.90
0
130 140 150 160 170 180 190 Height (cm) 12 (a) (i) 24.6 (ii) 10 (b) (i) 23.1 (ii) 16.5
(c) (i) 26.7 (ii) 18.5 (d) (i) 74.4 (ii) 45.5
9 (a) Class interval Frequency (e) In each case the mean is quite a bit higher than
03 5 the median. This is because the top four countries
47 7 have done significantly better than the other six in
the table. Those results drag the mean towards
811 5
them. The median is not affected by the size of
1215 7 individual results and in these cases probably gives a
1619 4 more meaningful result.
13 (a) STEM | LEAF
(b) Frequency 1 | 9
7
2 | 1 9 9
6 3 | 3 3 5 5
5 4 | 2 3 8 9
4 5 | 3
3 (b) Median = 35 (35 000 km)
2 Interquartile range = 45.5 29 = 16.5
1
(c)
1.5 5.5 9.5 13.5 17.5
Number of cars 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
km (000)
10 (a) Class interval Frequency
2025 4
2530 3
3035 3

14 Astros Comets 16 (a) Wetlands Flood Plains

LEAF | STEM | LEAF LEAF | STEM | LEAF
6 | 13 | 8 | 1 |
3 | 14 | 7 0 9 7 0 | 2 |
6 5 4 6 0 | 15 | 2 4 4 2 2 | 3 | 3
6 | 16 | 3 8 8 5 2 | 4 |
0 | 17 | 5 3 5 | 5 | 5
Astros Comets | 6 | 2 2 4
LEAF | STEM | LEAF | 7 | 4 9
6 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 5
3 | 14 | 0 7 | 9 | 5
6 6 5 4 0 | 15 | 2 4 | 10 |
6 | 16 | 3 8 | 11 | 7
0 | 17 | 3 5 (b) Frequency
Median (Astros) = 155; Median (Comets) = 154 (rainy days)
Astros: QL = 146.5, QU = 161
Comets: QL = 143.5, QU = 170.5 120 Wetlands
110
Astros 100 Flood Plains
90
Comets 80
70
130 140 150 160 170 180 60
height (cm) 50
40
Astros have very similar heights in their team; there 30
is greater variation in height in the Comets. Overall 20
the average height is much the same (medians 10
similar). On average Comets are probably slightly 0
taller. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Past 10 years
15 (a) Employee 1 Employee 2
Mondays 12 10 17 Amount (litres) Consumption per head
120 of population
Tuesdays 6 6
100
Wednesdays 2 4
Thursdays 3 3 80
Fridays 7 7 60
40
(b) Frequency Employee 1 20
12
10 Employee 2
0
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/2000
8
6
4
2
0 Beer Wine
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
The consumption of both types of alcoholic beverage
Days of the week
has been relatively stable with a slight decrease
(c) Employee 1 took off more Mondays and fewer evident in the average consumption of beer and a
Wednesdays than Employee 2. slight increase in the consumption of wine. Beer
made a very slight comeback in 1996/97 but then
continued its downward trend while wine fell a little
in 1993/94 but continued to increase after that.
18 (a) discrete
ans w e rs 545
(b) Height (cm) Frequency (d) The prediction for 2000 is actually worse with
145149 8 the additional data because the 1988 result has
dragged the line of best fit down a bit.
150154 4 20 Juanita is 42, Carlos is 44, Carmelita is 20,
155159 3 Enrico and Mercedes are 10 and Christos is 6.
160164 5 21 The following table shows the values calculated for
these data sets. (Not all of them were strictly
165169 3
required by the question.)
170174 2
mean min lower median upper max IQR
(c) and (d) quartile quartile
Males 59.51 39.42 51.68 58.39 73.19 76.12 21.51
Frequency
Females 63.98 40.37 53.47 63.38 78.63 82.79 25.16
8
(a) females
6
males
4 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
(b) There is no questionfemales live longer than
2 males! The male scores are more tightly bunched
than the femalesthis is confirmed by the IQR. The
difference between males and females is greater at
150154
155159
165169
170174
145149
160164
Height (cm)
the top end of the scale. There is little difference
between the lower quartile valuesless than two
19 (a) years but by the time we look at the upper quartiles
the difference is out beyond five years. This is also
Time (s) Women's 100 m sprint reflected in the larger measures of spread for the
12.4 females. From the raw data we saw that the
12.2 countries that have a low male life expectancy also
12.0 have a low female life expectancy. However, the
11.8 y = -0.0194x + 49.41 differences there are not as great as the differences
11.6 between the two rates for countries where the values
11.4 are relatively higher.
11.2 (c), (d), (e) Student answers.
11.0 Replay (p. 364)
10.8 1 (a) 7 (b) 10 (c) m4
1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2 $367.20 3 $640.75
Year 4 (a) 22.02 (b) 15.5
Predictions: 198810.8 s; 199210.8 s; 5 (a) (x + 4)(x 4) (b) (3x 10)(3x + 10)
199610.7 s; 200010.6 s (c) 4(2x + 10) = 8(x + 5)
(b) The predictions are not very accurate. The graph 6 (a) 0.8 (b) 53
points have flattened out towards the end and this 7 (a) 1--3- (b) 1
makes it difficult to make good predictions.
(c) 8 (a) d = 8--3- (b) t = 2 (c) f = 16
ty k er ds
Time (s) Women's 100 m sprint 9 (a) x = ------------- (b) x = ----------- (c) x = ----- + wq
12.4
fgh ku y
12.2 10 (a)
12.0
11.8 y = -0.0188x + 48.143 3 4 5 6 7 8
11.6
11.4 (b)
11.2 5 4 3 2 1
11.0
10.8 (c)
10.6 2 1 0 1 2
10.4
1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
200010.5 Year

Mixed revision three (p. 366) 12 (a) discrete (b) continuous (c) discrete
13 (a) b = 4 (b) a = 15 (c) m = 4
1 (a) y-intercept = 7; gradient = 5
14 (a) x-intercept = 12; y-intercept = 4
(b) y-intercept = 7; gradient = 2
(b) x-intercept = 10; y-intercept = 15
(c) y-intercept = 8--5- ; gradient = 2--5-
(c) x-intercept = 7--2- ; y-intercept = 7--5-
2 (a) Y (b) Y
15 (a)
3 2 1 0 1
3 y=x+3
(b) 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 0 X 0 5 X
x=5 (c)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4
(c) Y 16 (a) x = 12 (b) x = 0.25 (c) x = 0.66
y = 2x 1 17 (a) Distance Frequency
(1, 1)
0.01.0 2
1.02.0 4
0 X 2.03.0 6
1 3.04.0 3
4.05.0 4
5.06.0 3
3 (a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 7
4 (a) 5th (b) 6th and 7th (c) 20th and 21st (b) Frequency
6
5 (a) a = 7--3- (b) t = 5 (c) r = ----- 8
27
-
5
6 Christie has $30, Justin has $15 and Andrew has $18 4
n+m v(u j)
7 (a) x = -------------- (b) x = ------------------ (c) x = k-- gh 3
p d r 2
8 (a) Y 1
20 0
16 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5
Distance (km)
12
8 18 (a) 5 goals (b) 4.5 goals 19 5.2 cm
4 20 (a)
(25 , 0)
2 0 2 4 X 40 50 60 70 80 90
(b) Y (b) 26.5
10 21 (a) a = 3 (b) x = 12 (c) p = 2 16
------
31
8 22 66, 82 and 32 23 A
6 24
4 Rainfall (mm) 1999 vs 2002
60
2
50
420
4 8 12 16 20 24 X 40
30
(c) Y 20
4
10
2 0
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
September
August
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 X 1999 (mm)
2002 (mm)

2 Month
2002 has certainly been much drier than 1999. Two

4 months, January and April, were almost identical but
months such as February and August reveal the
9 (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 2 2--5- 10 56
stark contrast between the months.
11 (a) x 7 (b) x 3 (c) x 4
ans w e rs 547
25 (a) A scatterplot of the data indicates that there is 4 Pairs must add to 137
no real connection between the figures. There are 5 (a) 120 (b) 100 (c) x = 75; y = 30
too many points well away from the expected places (d) x = 86; y = 8 (e) x = y = 100
for a connection to exist. (b) Not all samples (f) p = q = 61; r = 119
would necessarily give the same results. Any (g) a = 60; b = 70; c = 50; d = 130
particular sample could be biased. (h) a = b = c = f = 60; e = d = 120
Q( Rn 1 ) (i) x = q = 70; y = 70; z = 40
26 (a) P = -----n- A + ------------------------
1
(b) $87 590
R R1 (j) a = 55; b = 45; c = 80; d = 45
(k) a = 120; b = 50; e = 60; c = d = 70
Chapter 8 (l) m = 105; n = 38; p = q = 67; r = 75
Prep zone (p. 372) 6 a = 89, b = 80, c = 55
1 Students to draw own angles Exercise 8.4 (p. 386)
2 (a) acute (b) obtuse (c) reflex (d) reflex 1 (a) Trapezium ABCD (b) Kite ADCB
3 (a) 35 (b) 245 4 D (c) Parallelogram ABCD (d) Rhombus ABCD
5 a = 46, b = 46, c = 46 7 (a) B (b) C (c) D
6 (a) 163 (b) 64 (c) 70
8 (a) (b)
1 (a) Triangles: AED; ABD; BCD
Quadrilaterals: ABCE; ABCD; ABDE
(b) Triangles: CBD; CAG (c)
Quadrilaterals: BEFA; BDGA; DEFG
(c) Triangles: CBD; BAF; BDF; DFE; CAE
9 51
Quadrilaterals: CBFD; DBAF; BDEF; CBFE; BDEA;
CDFA Exercise 8.5 (p. 388)
(d) Triangles: BGA; FEH; DCF; BFA; DEF; BCA; DCE; 1 (a) 120 (b) 140 (c) 220 (d) 44
BGC; DHE; BFD; DHC; BFC; CHF; AGF; CGF; ACF; (e) 45 (f) 51
CEF; ACE 2 (a) D (b) C (c) C
Quadrilaterals: ABDE; ABDF; EDBF; ABCF; DCFE; 3 (a) 60 (b) 164 (c) x = z = 75; y = 105
CGFH; ABCE; EDCA (d) a = 42; b = c = 138 (e) 115 (f) 112.5
2 3 triangle 8 octagon (g) x = 70; y = 75 (h) m = 93; n = 119
(i) x = 23; y = 140; z = 137
4 quadrilateral 9 nonagon
(j) a = 32; b = 50; c = 58
5 pentagon 10 decagon (k) a = 61; b = 34 (l) k = 36; p = 29.5
6 hexagon 11 undecagon 4 The sum of x and y should be 180.
7 heptagon 12 dodecagon 5 (a) 100 (b) y = 40; x = 85
(c) x = 70; y = 110; z = 130
3 (a) D (b) A (c) D 6 Three, because the four angles must add to 360 so
4 Many answers including traffic signs, coins and they cannot all be less than 90.
company logos. 7 A parallelogram contains two pairs of parallel sides.
Exercise 8.2 (p. 378) This definition also covers both a rhombus and a
rectangle. A rectangle is not necessarily a rhombus
1 (a) 65 (b) 121 (c) 35 (d) 22
because a rhombus must have all equal sides and a
(e) a = 48; b = 84 (f) m = 29; n = 122
rectangle may have equal sides (a square) but
(g) 79.5 (h) 73.5 (i) x = 60, y = 60, z = 60
generally doesnt.
2 (a) 66 (b) 71.5 (c) 20 (d) 30
8 (a) no, because it has a curved side
(e) 18 (f) 10 (g) 61 (h) 135
(b) no, not a closed figure
(i) 40 (j) 33 (k) 24 (l) 16
(c) no, this is actually two triangles
3 B 4 (a) D (b) A
(d) yes, a closed straight-sided figure with four
5 (a) a = 115; b = 40 (b) x = 121; y = 4
sides
(c) p = 134; q = 29 (d) m = 118; n = 38
(e) p = 45; q = 90 (f) 31 Exercise 8.6 (p. 393)
6 28 7 25 1 (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes (d) yes
8 Pairs of values add to 113 2 (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes (d) yes
Exercise 8.3 (p. 382) 3 (a) D (b) E
4 (a) partial (b) perfect (c) partial
1 (a) 128 (b) 61 (c) 61 (d) 45
(d) partial
(e) 100 (f) 36.5
6 Yes, depending upon how it is drawn.
2 D 3 (a) C (b) C (c) D (d) D

7 Not true. Concave, irregular quadrilaterals are Replay (p. 418)

examples of quadrilaterals which will not tessellate. 1 (a) $705 (b) $90.05
8 All triangles will tessellate. xy xy
2 (a) A = ----- (b) A = ----- (c) A = --12- h (a + b)
Exercise 8.7 (p. 397) 2 2
Students own answers. 3 9.86 m
4 (a) (y + 7)(y + 3) (b) (d + 3)(c + 4)
Exercise 8.8 (p. 398) (c) (t 4)(t 5)
1 (a) 1 : 1000 (b) 1 : 10 000 (c) 1 : 100 000 5 (a) 33 (b) 57 (c) 70
2 (a) B (b) C (c) B 6 (a) a = 8.5 cm (b) p = 30.4 cm
3 (a) C (b) C (c) y = 39.3 cm
4 (a) 400 km (b) 4 km (c) 400 m (d) 4 m 7 (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1--2-
(e) 20 cm (f) 16 cm 8 (a) x = -----3-
55
(b) x = 13
------ (c) x = 13
------
4 3
5 (a) 1 : 1 000 000 (b) 1 : 10 000 000 9 (a) (i) 3.13 (ii) 2 (iii) 2
(c) 1 : 4 000 000 (b) (i) 15.64 (ii) 16 (iii) 11
6 (a) 1 : 4 000 000 (b) (i) 200 km (ii) 80 km 10 STEM | LEAF
(iii) 24 km (iv) 600 km (c) (i) 2 cm 1 | 2 2
(ii) 5 mm (iii) 0.5 mm (iv) 4 mm 1 | 5 6 7 9 9 9
7 A scale factor of 1 : 10 000 is as small as could be 2 | 0 2 2 3
used and still be seen, and 1 : 5000 is as large as 2 | 5 5 6 6 9 9
could fit in the rear seat of a car. 3 | 0 0 2 3 4 4
Exercise 8.9 (p. 403) 3 | 5 5 5 5 6 7 7 9
1 (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1.6 4 | 1 2 2 3 4
2 (b) 0.5 or 2 : 1 3 (b) 1 : 2 4 | 5 6 6 6
11
1 (a) SSS (b) ASA (c) RHS (d) SAS
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
2 cf; ae; bd 4 Sides of different length
12 frequency
1 (a) 14 (b) 8 (c) 7.5 5
(d) 20 4
2 (a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 5 5--9- (d) 26 2--5- 3
3 (a) B (b) A (c) D (d) E
2
5 5.25 m 6 316 2--3- cm 7 7.2 m
8 (a) Measure these three distances: from the stick to 1
the tree, the stick to the place on the ground you 0
look from, and the length of the stick. Use similar 1 2 3 4 5 score
triangles to find the height of the tree.
(b) The ground must be level, you need a clear view Chapter 9
of the tree, scouts may not be old enough to
understand this maths. Prep zone (p. 422)
1 (a) (i) 4 (ii) 5 (iii) 10
Chapter review (p. 413) (b) (i) 10 (ii) 18 (iii) 0 (iv) 0
1 C 2 (a) (i) $16 (ii) $75 (b) (i) 4.5 m (ii) 3.2 m
2 (a) x = 139 (b) x = 77 (c) x = 36 3 (a) 3x2 + 12x (b) x2 + 7x + 10
(d) a = 66.5, b = 113.5, c = 37.5 (c) x2 4x 21 (d) x2 25
3 (a) x = 30 (b) x = 34 (c) x = 16 4 (a) x(x + 2) (b) (x 4)(x + 4) (c) (x + 6)2
4 (a) B (b) D (c) A (d) C 5 (a) (x + 2)(x + 5) (b) (x 2)(x 3)
5 (a) x = 134 (b) x = 103 (c) x = 103 (c) (x 14)(x + 1)
(d) x = 43 (e) a = 53, b = 127, c = 127
(f) p = 93, q = 130 Exercise 9.1 (p. 425)
6 (a) False (b) True (c) False 8 105 km 1 (b) (c) (f)
9 (a) B (b) C 10 (a) 0.4 (b) 2.5 2 (a) Yes
11 (a) SSS (b) SAS 12 B 13 (a) 5 (b) 9 (b) r 0 1 2 3 4 5
14 They are all the same distance from the epicentre.
r2 0 1 4 9 16 25
17 12.6 m
18 (a) yes (b) no (c) yes (d) yes V = 3r 2 0 3 12 27 48 75
19 triangle, square
ans w e rs 549
(c) V 7 (a)
80 9 h
70 8
V = 3r2 h = d2 + 6d
60 7
50 6
40 5
30 4
20 3
10 2
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 r
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 d
(d) (i) 18.8 m3 (ii) 43.3 m3
(e) (i) 3.2 m (ii) 4.7 m (f) 30 m3 (b) 6 m (c) 9 m (d) 5 m (e) 5 m
(f) 6.75 m (g) 3.6 m (h) (i) Yes (ii) No
3 (a) t 0 1 2 3 4 5
8 (a) h
h 125 120 105 80 45 0
100
(b) h 80
140 60
120 40
100 20
80 h = 125 5t2 0 p
40 80
60
40 (b) 100 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 5027 cm2
20 9 (a) 0 (b) 64 cm3 (c) 6 min (d) 20 cm3
(e) 0 t 6, 0 V 132
0 1 2 3 4 5 t
(c) 125 m (d) 5 s (e) 96 m (f) 29 m 1 (a) (i) (1, 4) (ii) x = 1 (iii) 3 (iv) 1 and 3
(g) 3.2 s (h) 4.5 s (i) 35 m (b) (i) ( 3--2- , 1) (ii) x = 3--2-
(j) fifth second i.e. between t = 4 and t = 5 s (iii) 0 (iv) 3 and 0
4 (a) B (b) E (c) A 2 (a)
5 (a) Any expression like x2 + 2x x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
(b) Any expression like x + 5 y 12 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5 12
6 (a) S (x, y) (-4, 12) (-3, 5) (2, 0) (-1, 3) (0, 4) (1, -3) (2, 0) (3, 5) (4, 12)
140
(b) Y
120 y = x2 4
100 12
80 10
60 S = 3t2 30t + 135 8
40 6
20 4
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 t
4 3 2 12 0 1 2 3 4
X
(b) 135 km/h (c) 60 km/h (d) 72 km/h
4
(e) 72 km/h (f) 2.4 min; 7.6 min
(g) 0.5 min; 9.5 min (c) (0, 4) (d) minimum (e) x = 0 (f) (0, 4)
(h) 0 t 1.35 and 8.65 t 10 (g) (2, 0) and (2, 0) (h) 6.2 (i) 1.4; 1.4
(j) 3; 3 (k) 5; 3; 3 (l) 0; 2; 2
3 (a) x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
y 20 8 0 4 4 0 8 20

(b) Y (ii) Y
8 12
y = 2x2 6x y = x2 + 3x 10
4 8
4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1-40 1 2 X
6 4 24 0 2 4 X
-8
-12 8
-16 12
-20 16
(c) ( 1 1--2- , 4 1--2- ); maximum turning point (iii) Y

(d) (3, 0); (0, 0) (e) 2; 1 (f) 4; x = 2, 1
(g) x = 4, 1 (h) x = 3, 0 6
4 y = x2 + 2x + 3
4 (a) x 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
y 10 4 0 2 2 0 4 10 18

4 2 0 2 4 6 X
2
(b) Y
20 y = x2 x 2 4
16 6
12 (b) (i) x = 5, 2 (ii) x = 0, 4
8 (iii) x = 1 (iv) x = 6, 3 (v) x = 2
4
1 (vi) x = 1, 3 (vii) x 5.5, 2.5
0
(viii) x 0.6, 3.4 (ix) x 1.4, 3.4
3 2 1
4 2 3 4 5 X 9 (a) x2 + 3x + 2 (b) x 1.4; the solution x 4.4 is
8 not feasible for a length measurement.
(c) length 3.4 cm, width 2.4 cm
(c) ( 1--2- , -2 1--4- ); minimum turning
point
(d) (1, 0); (2, 0); (0, 2) Exercise 9.3 (p. 437)
(e) (i) x = 1, 2 (ii) x = 2, 3 (iii) x 1.6, 2.6 1 (a) (i) narrower (ii) wider (iii) wider
(iv) x = 0.5 (v) no real x values (iv) narrower (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) 4
5 (a) C (b) C (c) A (ii) --15- (iii) 7 (iv) --23- (d) (i) narrower
6 Students own answers (ii) wider (iii) narrower (iv) wider
7 (a) Y 2 (a) up 4 units (b) down 7 units
(c) down one unit (d) up 2 units
20
(e) down 8 units (f) up 5 units
y = x2 + 6x + 10 16
(g) up --12- unit (h) down --34- unit
12 3 (a) 5 units to the right (b) 4 units to the left
8 (c) 1 unit to the left (d) 7 units to the right
4 (e) 6 units to the left (f) 3 units to the right
(g) 2--3- unit to the right (h) 3--2- units to the left
7 6 5 4 3 2 14 0 1 X
4 (a) (i) dilation factor 2, moved right 1 up 3 (ii) (1, 3)

8 (b) (i) reflected in x-axis, dilation factor 3, moved left
(b) (3, 1) (c) no x-intercepts, (0, 10) 2 down 1 (ii) (2, 1)
(c) dilation factor 4, moved left 3 down 2 (ii) (3, 2)
(d) (i) x = 3 (ii) x = 6, 0 (iii) no real x values
(d) (i) dilation factor 1--3- , moved left 5 up 3 (ii) (5, 3)
(iv) x 6.7, 0.7
(e) (i) moved left 4, down 3 (ii) (4, 3)
8 (a) (i) Y (f) (i) dilation factor 2, moved left 3 up --12- (ii) (3, --12- )
4 y = x2 + 4x 5 (a) C (b) B (c) A (d) D
3 (e) E (f) E (g) D
2 6 (a) C (b) B (c) E (d) B
1
2 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 X
2
ans w e rs 551
7 Reection in Translation in Translation in

Dilation x-axis x-direction y-direction
(a) y = (x + 1)2 + 2 1 unit left 2 units up
(b) y = (x 3)2 + 1 3 units right 1 unit up
(c) y = (x 4)2 5 4 units right 5 units down
(d) y = (x + 2)2 7 2 units left 7 units down
(e) y = x2 6 invert 6 units down
(f) y = x 2 2 invert 2 units down
(g) y = (x 2)2 + 3 invert 2 units right 3 units up
(h) y = (x 5)2 + 2 invert 5 units right 2 units up
(i) y = 5x2 +4 by factor of 5 (narrower) 4 units up
(j) y = 3x2 5 by factor of 3 (narrower) 5 units down
(k) y = 2(x + 5)2 3 by factor of 2 (narrower) 5 units left 3 units down
(l) y = 5(x 6)2 4 by factor of 5 (narrower) 6 units right 4 units down
(m) y = --12- (x 3)2 + 1 by factor of 1
---
2
(wider) 3 units right 1 unit up
(n) y = (x +
3
---
4
4)2 +6 by factor of 3
---
4
(wider) 4 units left 6 units up
(o) y = 3(x + 6)2 4 by factor of 3 (narrower) invert 6 units left 4 units down
(p) y = 4(x + 1)2 3 by factor of 4 (narrower) invert 1 unit left 3 units down
8 Students own answers 4 (a) x = 5, x = 5 (b) x = 9, x = 9 (c) x = 2, x = 2

9 (a) y = (x + 2)2 + 5 (b) (0, 9) (d) x = 4, x = 4 (e) x = 6, x = 6 (f) x = 3, x = 3
5 (a) x = 7 (b) x = 4 (c) x = 8
Y
(c) (d) x = 2 (e) x = 1 (f) x = 3
10
9 6 (a) x = 0, x = 2 (b) (i) x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
8 (ii) (x + 1)2 = 0 (iii) x = 1
7 7 (a) x = 2 (b) x = 6 (c) x = 3 (d) x = 1
6 (e) x = 0, x = 5 (f) x = 0, x = 3
5 (g) x = 0, x = 1 (h) x = 0, x = 2 (i) x = 4
(2, 5) 4 (j) x = 5 (k) x = 7 (l) x = 9
3 8 (a) D (b) B (c) B (d) A
2 9 (1, 0), (4, 0)
1 10 (a) (12, 0) (12, 0) (b) (0, 0) (4, 0) (c) (6, 0)
3 2
1 0 1 2 3 X 11 Students own answers

1

2 Exercise 9.5 (p. 448)
1 (a) x = 2 or x = 1 (b) x = 6 or x = 3
10 (a) y = 5(x 3)2 + 2 (b) y = 1--3- (x 4)2 2
(c) x = 4 or x = 7 (d) x = 1 or x = 9
(c) y = (x + 2)2 + 3
(e) x = 5 or x = 6 (f) x = 4 or x = 2
Exercise 9.4 (p. 445) (g) x = 8 or x = 3 (h) x = 7 or x = 1
1 (a) x = 0, x = 11 (b) x = 0, x = 8 (i) x = 5 or x = 9 (j) x = 4 or x = 8
(c) x = 0, x = 5 (d) x = 0, x = 1 (k) x = 5 or x = 3 (l) x = 2 or x = 8
(e) x = 4, x = 1 (f) x = 2, x = 6 (m) x = 6 or x = 2 (n) x = 1 or x = 2
(g) x = 3, x = 7 (h) x = 4, x = 1 (o) x = 1
(i) x = 0, x = 6 (j) x = 0, x = 5 2 (a) x = 6 or x = 2 (b) x = 4 or x = 3
(k) x = 7, x = 2 (l) x = 3, x = 10 (c) x = 4 or x = 7 (d) x = 1 or x = 8
2 (a) x = 8, x = 8 (b) x = 2, x = 2 (c) x = 4 (e) x = 5 or x = 10 (f) x = 7 or x = 6
(d) x = 7 (e) x = 1 (f) x = 9 3 (a) x = 4 or x = 3 (b) x = 6 or x = 2
(g) x = 5, x = 5 (h) x = 10, x = 10 (c) x = 7 or x = 9 (d) x = 8 or x = 3
(i) x = 1, x = 3 (j) x = 8, x = 7 (k) x = 0 (e) x = 3 or x = 2 (f) x = 3 or x = 5
(l) x = 0 (g) x = 10 or x = 5 (h) x = 3 or x = 9
3 (a) x = 0, x = 6 (b) x = 0, x = 1 (c) x = 0, x = 2 (i) x = 6 or x = 11 (j) x = 1 or x = 5
(d) x = 0, x = 5 (e) x = 0, x = --12- (f) x = 0, x = 3 (k) x = 8 or x = 2 (l) x = 7 or x = 3
4 (a) x = 5 or x = 2 (b) x = 1 or x = 3
(c) x = 4 or x = 7 (d) x = 7 or x = 1

(e) x = 4 or x = 4 (f) x = 3 or x = 3 Y
(g) x = 6 or x = 1 (h) x = 7 or x = 6
(i) x = 0 or x = 12 y = x2 + 2x + 3
5 (a) A (b) E (c) B (d) B (e) B (f) C 4
6 t = 0, t = 50 seconds 3
8 (a) 5C (b) t = 2, t = 8 (c) 10 am, 4 pm
1 0 1 3 X
1 (a) (i) (ii) (0, 15) (iii) (3, 0), (5, 0)
(iv) (4, 1)
Y (e) (i) (ii) (0, 25) (iii) (5, 0), (5, 0)
(iv) (0, 25)
15
y = x2 8x + 15 Y

5 0 5 X
y = x2 25

25
0 3 5 X
(4, 1) (f) (i) (ii) (0, 9) (iii) (3, 0), (3, 0)
(b) (i) (ii) (0, 8) (iii) (2, 0), (4, 0) (iv) (0, 9)
(iv) (3, 1)
Y y = x2 9
Y
3 0 3 X
y = x2 6x + 8

9
0 2 3 4 X
1
2 (a) Y
(c) (i) (ii) (0, 12) (iii) (2, 0), (6, 0) y = x2 10x + 21
(iv) (2, 16)
21
Y (2, 16)
12
y = x2 + 4x + 12
5
0 3 7 X
4
(b) Y
2 0 6 X
(d) (i) (ii) (0, 3) (iii) (1, 0), (3, 0) 12
y = x2 8x + 12
(iv) (1, 4)
4
0 2 6 X

4
ans w e rs 553
(c) Y (i) Y
y = 3x + 6x 2

2 1 0 4 X

3 1 0 1 X
3 y = x2 + 2x 3
3
4
(j) Y
(d) Y
y = 2x2 8x
0 2 4 X
5 2 0 1 X
5 y = x2 + 4x 5 8
9 (k) Y
y = x2 16
(e)
Y
9
4 0 4 X
8
y = x2 + 2x + 8

16

2 0 1 4 X (l) Y
y = x2 1
(f) Y 1 0 1 X
y = x 2x + 15
2
1615 1
(m) Y
5 1 0 3 X
y = x2 + 10x + 16
16
(g) Y
y = x2 4x
0 2 4 X 0 X
8
5 2
(h) Y (n) Y
7

6
3 0 X y = x2 + 8x + 7
y = x2 + 6x 7 4 1 0
X
9
9

(o) Y (t) Y
y = x2 5x
6 14
y = x2 6x 5
4
0
5
3 1 0 X 5 1
22
X
5 (u) Y
y = x2 + 7x 12
1
4
3 4 X
(p) Y
y = x2 + 4x 3
1
0 12
1 2 3 X
3 (b), (c), (e)
4 (a) E (b) B 5 C
3
6 h
h = t2 + 10t
25
(q)
Y
y = x2 + 6x + 9
9
0 5 10 t
3 0 X
(a) 10 s (b) 25 m
7 (a) T
(r) Y (4, 31)
31
y = x2 + 10x + 25 T = 0.5h2 + 4h + 23
25
23
5 0 X
0 h
(s) Y 2 4 6 8 10
(b) 23C (c) 3 h and 5 h (d) 31C
(e) 4 hours
y = x2 + 3x
2 14
0 3
3 X
2
ans w e rs 555
8 (a) 4 (a) B (b) B (c) D (d) B

Y
10 5 3s 6 y=3 7 after 2 min and after 8 min
9 8 7
8 9 (a) 6 cm (b) 14 cm by 10 cm (c) 36 cm2
7 (d) 104 cm2 (e) 64 cm2
6 10 10, 10
5 11 Students own answers
4
3 Chapter review (p. 462)
2
1 1 Y
y = x2 2x 8
0 X 8
1 2 3 4 5
4
4 240
2 4 6 X
(b) The graph does not touch or cross the x-axis
(c) Answers can be checked on graphical calculator. 8
Exercise 9.7 (p. 457) (a) (2, 0), (4, 0), (0, 8)
1 length 12 cm, width 7 cm 2 x = 12 (b) (1, 9), minimum turning point (c) x = 1
3 4 or 5 (d) 5 (e) 3, 5 (f) 3, 5 (g) 2, 4
2 (a) A (b) E (c) B
3 Reection in Translation in Translation in
Dilation x-axis x-direction y-direction
(a) y = (x 1)2 + 3 1 unit right 3 units up
(b) y = x2 +4 invert 4 units up
(c) y = (x + 2)2 1 invert 2 units left 1 unit down
(d) y = 3(x 4)2 + 2 by factor of 3 (narrower) 4 units right 2 units up
(e) y = 1--2- (x 1)2 + 1 by factor of 1
---
2
(wider) 1 unit right 1 unit up
(f) y = 2(x + 2)2 2 by factor of 2 (narrower) invert 2 units left 2 units down
4 (a) x = 0 or x = 4 (b) x = 7 or x = 1 (b) Y

(c) x = 4 or x = 4 (d) x = 3 y = x2 + 2x + 15
(e) x = 0 or x = 8 (f) x = 6 16
15
5 (a) x = 5 or x = 7 (b) x = 3 or x = 2
(c) x = 9 or x = 1 (d) x = 1 or x = 8
(e) x = 4 or x = 1 (f) x = 1 or x = 3
6 (a) x = 1 or x = 5 (b) x = 6 or x = 1
(c) x = 3 or x = 4 (d) x = 3 or x = 3
3 1 5 X
(e) x = 8 or x = 4 (f) x = 4 or x = 3
7 (a) Y
(c) Y
y = 3x2 + 9x
y = x2 + 8x + 12
12
3 1 12 X
6 34
6 4
2 X

4

(d) Y Replay (p. 466)

1 (a) 104 cm2 (b) 37.5 m2 (c) 103.5 cm2
4 2 Students own answer
3 (a) 35 (b) 52 (c) 61 4 1.2
y = x 4x + 4
2
5 (a) Y (b) Y
x=5
2 X
y=0
0 5 X 0 X
8 (a) B (b) C
9 (a) t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (c) Y (d) Y
x = 2
h 1 6 9 10 9 6 1
y=3
(b) h 3
10 h = t2 + 6t + 1 2 0 X
8 0 X
6
4
2 6 (a) m = 6 (b) n = 6 (c) a = 2
7 (a) x 12 (b) a 30 (c) y 7
0 t 8 (a) (i) 3.4 (ii) 3 (iii) 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(b) (i) 18.45 (ii) 21 (iii) 21
(c) 9 m (d) 1.3 s (e) t: 2 t 4 (f) 10 m
(g) 5.9 s 9 frequency
5
10 (a) h h = d2 + 6d
4
9
3
0 score
0 d 1 2 3 4 5
3 6
10 (a) a = 60 (b) x = 35 (c) p = 12
(b) 9 m (c) 6 m
11 (a) 10 x (b) A = x(10 x)
Chapter 10
(c) A (m2) (5, 25)
Prep zone (p. 470)
1 (a) --4- (b) --2- (c) --4- (d) --3-
5 3 7 4
A = x2 + 10x 9- 11 17 5---
2 (a) -----
10
(b) ------
12
(c) ------
30
(d) 8
4 7 5
3 (a) ---
5
(b) 1 (c) ---
8
(d) ---
6
4 (a) 0.71 (b) 0.44 (c) 0.75 (d) 1.25
5 (a) 12.5% (b) 40% (c) 15% (d) 133.3%
6 (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (b) spade, club, diamond, heart
(c) black, red
0 10 x (m) 7 (a) 1--2- (b) 3--8- (c) 7--8-
(d) length 5 m, width 5 m (e) 25 m2
12 length 12 cm, width 5 cm 13 25, 25 Exercise 10.1 (p. 471)
14 y = (x 3)2 + 5 1 13-
----- 2 Elliot: 3-
-----
10
; Kris: 19
------ ;
75
Austin: 67-
--------
150
27
3 C 4 E
ans w e rs 557
5 (a) B (b) C (c) E 14 (a) 1-

----- (b) 22
------ (c) 1---
(d) 4-
----- (e) 1---
45 45 5 45 9
6 (a) --1- (b) --1- (c) --5- (d) 1 (e) 0 (f) --1- 13 1---
7 7 7 7 (f) ------ (g) (h) 0 (i) --4- (j) --2-
15 3 5 9
(g) 1, as expected, as these three outcomes cover all 15 (a) 28.3% (b) 20.2% (c) 8.5%
possibilities. (d) 36.2% (e) 24.5% (f) 11.8%
7-
7 (a) -----
26
(b) 15
------
26 26
3-
(c) ----- 26
9-
(d) ----- 13
5-
(e) ----- (g) 15.9% (h) 5.8% (i) 5.7%
(f) 0 16 Sample answers:
8 (a) 50 (b) (i) 1
--- (ii) 6
------ (iii) 1
------ (iv) 23
------
(a) (b) (c)
5 25 50 25
low
red
1--- 4---
(v) (vi) (c) (i) 0.20 (ii) 0.24 (iii) 0.02 blue re
yel
en
ue
2 5
red
d
gre
bl
(iv) 0.92 (v) 0.50 (vi) 0.80 (d) (i) 20% gre
red brown
br
orange green red en n
(ii) 24% (iii) 2% (iv) 92% (v) 50% ow ow
wn
brown
br n
red
bro
(vi) 80%
10 (a) (i) 72.1 years (ii) 72.8 years (iii) 73.8 years 17 Students own answers, but: 5050 = 50%;
certain = 100%; impossible = 0%
(iv) 76.7 years (v) 80 years (vi) 84.6 years
(b) As you get older your expected age at death Exercise 10.4 (p. 486)
1 1 3 21
increases. 1 (a) ---
5
(b) ------
25
(c) ---
5
(d) ------
25
(c) 1--4- (half of a half) 2 (a) Prawn, Lamb; Prawn, Fish; Prawn, Beef; Prawn,
(d) Insurance companies; it helps them set the Pork; Prawn, Poultry; Oysters, Lamb; Oysters, Fish;
Oysters, Beef; Oysters, Pork; Oysters, Poultry;
premiums for policies.
Pt, Lamb; Pt, Fish; Pt, Beef; Pt, Pork, Pt,
11 The coach is wrong. Pr(success) = 2--3- for every throw Poultry; Satay, Lamb; Satay, Fish; Satay, Beef; Satay,
12 6- = --3-
(a) -----
14 7 Pork; Satay, Poultry
1-
(b) The dimensions of the cube do not matter, (b) (i) -----
20
(ii) --25- (c) --35-
Pr(square face down) = 0.638 1
3 (a) -----
- 7
(b) -----
- (c) 1--4- (d) 3--4-
16 16
(c) You could make a cube and roll it a large number
of times to check the results. 4 (a) A (b) C (c) D
5 (a) FGI,M FMI, FBoI, FDI, FGB, FMB, FBoB, FDB,
Exercise 10.2 (p. 475) FGGr, FMGr, FBoGr, FDGr, etc.: 36 in total
1 (a) experiment 4; 0.17 (b) experiment 5; 0.06 1
(b) (i) -----
- (ii) 4--9- (iii) 2--3- (iv) 2--3- (v) 4--9- (c) 1
---
36 9
(c) experiment 1; 0.17 (d) experiment 2; 0.10 1- 1-
(e) peach; experiment 2; 0.05 6 (a) 48 (b) (i) -----
48
(ii) -----
12
(iii) 1--3- (c) 12
(f) pear; experiment 4; 0.25 7 Students own answers
2 (a) E (b) B 8 (a) H, T (b) 2 (c) HH, HT, TH, TT (d) 4
3 (a) D (b) B (e) HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT
(c) Die 1, Die 4, Die 2, Die 3, Die 5 (f) 8
(d) Die 4, Die 5, Die 3, Die 2, Die 1 (g) Yes. To find the number of events for a
4 Students own answers combination you multiply together the number
5 Students own answers possible for each event within the combination.
6 Students own answers 9 (a) 38 = 6561 1 -
(b) -----------
6561
Exercise 10.3 (p. 480) (c) There is only one way it can happen: GGG
15 8 1
(d) What is the probability that all the faces will be
1 (a) ------
23
(b) ------
23
(c) ------
23 blue? and What is the probability that all the faces
2 (a) 4---
(b) 5-
----- (c) 1-
-----
will be red?
9 18 18 (e) The complementary question to the statement
3 (a) 5-
----- (b) 8-
----- (c) 1-
----- in (b) would actually be: What is the probability that
13 13 13
not all of the faces are green?
7 1 999
4 ---
8
5 (a) ------------
1000
(b) ------------
1000
--1- --3- 11-
6 (a) (b) (c) ----- (d) --3-
3 5 15 5 1 (a) --3- (b) --1- (c) --1- (d) --5- (e) --1- (f) --5-
8 8 2 8 2 8
3- 5-
7 B 8B 9 ----- 10 ----- 4 1 7
10 12 2 (a) ---
5
(b) ---
2
(c) ------
10
11 (a) --1- (b) --2- (c) --1- (d) --1- (e) --5- (f) --1- 7--- 5--- 2---
3 3 6 3 6 2 3 (a) 9
(b) 9
(c) 3
12 (a) C (b) A (c) D 1--- 1--- 5--- 2---
1--- 11 1--- 4--- 1---
4 (a) (b) (c) (d)
13 (a) 4
(b) ------
20
(c) 1 (d) 5
(e) 5
(f) 2
3 2 6 3

1- 8- 3--- 7- 1--- 7- 1- 3- 2--- 7- 1---

5 (a) -----
15
(b) -----
15
(c) 5
(d) -----
30
(e) 3
(f) -----
30
3 (a) -----
10
(b) -----
10
(c) 0 (d) 5
(e) -----
10
(f) 2
6 B 4 (a) 36 (b) (i) 1---
(ii) 11
------ (iii) 3---
(iv) 1---
9 12 4 4
1--- 1--- 3--- 7- 3-
7 (a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 4
(d) -----
26
(e) -----
13 3 1 5 1 7
3 15 12 3 11
5 (a) ---
8
(b) ---
2
(c) ---
8
(d) ---
2
(e) ---
8
(f) ------
52
(g) ------
52
(h) ------
13
(i) ---
4
(j) ------
13
1- 14- 28- 10-
4- 15 6 (a) (i) ----- (ii) ----- (iii) ----- (iv) -----
(k) -----
13
(l) ------
26
29 29 29 29
(b) (i) 0.03 (ii) 0.48 (iii) 0.97 (iv) 0.34
2- 5- 4-
8 (a) -----
13
(b) -----
26
(c) -----
13
7 (a) Station Panel
Sedan Wagon Coupe van
(d) You can write out the sample space or use
Pr(either) = Pr(left) + Pr(right) Pr(both) White
1-
Black
(e) -----
26
(f) 11
------
13
(g) 21
------
26 13
9-
(h) ----- Red
9 Students own answers Yellow
Silver
10 (a) red die
1 4 2
(b) (i) ------ (ii) --- (iii) ---
1 2 3 4 5 6 20 5 5
1-
8 (a) ----- (b) 1--6- (c) 1--4-
1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 5, 1 6, 1 36
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 2 6, 2 9 (a) Students own answers, but will probably

indicate the use of a die to test each egg. A cracked
blue die
3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3 5, 3 6, 3
egg could be represented by a 1, for instance.
4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4 5, 4 6, 4 (b)(d) Students own answers
5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 5, 5 6, 5 10 (a) green die
6 1, 6 2, 6 3, 6 4, 6 5, 6 6, 6 1 2 3 4 5
(b) (i) 1
--- (ii) --1- (iii) 5-
----- (iv) 5-
----- 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 5, 1
6 6 36 18
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 2
blue die
11 5 7 5 7 5
(c) (i) ------
36
(ii) ------
18
(iii) ------
18
(iv) ------
18
(v) ------
18
(vi) ------
12 3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3 5, 3
(d) Yes, but C and D are the only mutually exclusive 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4 5, 4
pair
5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 5, 5
Exercise 10.6 (p. 501) 2 19 2 21
1 Answers will vary according to the results of the (b) (i) ------
25
(ii) ------
25
(iii) ---
5
(iv) ------
25
simulation but Anil should get approximately 19 21 4- 4---
(v) ------
25
(vi) ------
25
(vii) -----
25
(viii) 5
19 sleep-ins.
(c) NoPr(5 on green) + Pr(3 on blue)
2 (a) Answers will vary according to the simulation
Pr(5 on green or 3 on blue)
results but the table should approximately be
(d) and (e) Students own answers
A boy
Two Two and Replay (p. 507)
girls boys a girl
1 (a) 415.6 cm2 (b) 266.1 cm2 (c) 9.2 mm2
Number of families 10 10 20 2 (a) (x + 7 )2 (b) (x 3)2 (c) (2x + 5)2
Estimated probability 1
---
4
1
---
4
1
---
2 3 41.6 m
(b) There should be approximately twice as many 4 Erin is 8 and Joanne is 32
families with a boy and a girl as there are families 5 (a)
with two boys. Only one outcome produces two 0 1 2 3 4
boys (a boy then a boy) whereas for a boy and a girl (b) 8 6 4
2 0
there are two outcomes (girl/boy or boy/girl).
3 (a) (i) 1.1 (ii) 4.4 (iii) 6.6 (iv) 24.24
(c)
(b) In the long run a 5 occurs once every six rolls. 1 0 1 2 3
The other five numbers will average out to be 6 (a) continuous (b) discrete
1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 = 16. (c) discrete (d) continuous
4 (a) Students own answers 7 (a) 120 (b) 160 (c) 118
(b) 6 (c) no upper limit in theory 8 (a) 42 (b) 24
(d) Probably let each face of a die represent one of 9 (a) x = 0 or 7 (b) x = 0 or 3 (c) x = 4 or 4
the animals (e)(f) Students own answers 10 (a) x = 3 or 5 (b) x = 4 or 2 (c) x = 3 or 5
Chapter review (p. 504) 11 x = 11 or 12
10 3- 1---
1 ------
13
2 (a) -----
20
(b) 4
ans w e rs 559
Mixed revision four (p. 509) (b) Y
1 Triangles: ABC, AGC, GDF, DFE 20

Quadrilaterals: ABCG, GDEF, FDCA
2 (a) x = 75 (b) y = 10 (c) p = 152 10 8
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 X
6-
3 (a) -----
19
(b) 10
------
19
(c) 15
------
19

20
4 (a) Y (b) Y
40
5 4
60
4 3

80
3 2 y = 2x2

100
2 y = x2 + 1 1
1 2 1 0 1 2 X
(c) Y

2 1
0 1 2 X
12
2---
5 (a) 5 (b) 5 8
1 1 3
6 (a) ---
5
(b) ---
2
(c) ------
10 4
7 (a) x = 0 or 9 (b) x = 5---
3
or 3--2- (c) x = 4
0 X
8 (a) x = 6 (b) y = 40 (c) t = 10
8
6
4 2 2 4
4
9 (a) RHS (b) SAS
9-
10 (a) -----
16
(b) 3--4- (c) 11
------
16 8
11 (a) 65 (b) 245 (c) 70
16 (a) 12 (b) 15
12 (a) 1--6- (b) 0 (c) 1--2-
17 It has been flipped/reflected over the x-axis.
13 (a) rst die 18 7.15 m
19 (a) x = 4 (b) w = 1 (c) h = 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 20 Students to produce their own construction
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 2 6, 2 21 (a) 2.4% (b) 22.7% (c) 26.3% (d) 33.3%
3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3 5, 3 6, 3 22 Students to produce their own construction
second dice
2- 7-
5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 5, 5 6, 5 23 (a) -----
13
(b) -----
26
(c) 3--4- 13
4-
(d) -----
7 1, 7 2, 7 3, 7 4, 7 5, 7 6, 7 24 (a) 1 : 1 000 000 (b) 1 : 500 000
(c) 1 : 2 000 000
11 1, 11 2, 11 3, 11 4, 11 5, 11 6, 11 25 The number could be 8 or 10
13 1, 13 2, 13 3, 13 4, 13 5, 13 6, 13 26 a = 360 (f + g + h); b = 360 (e + g + h);
1--- 5- 1-
c = 360 (f + e + h); d = 360 (f + g + e)
(b) (i) 2
(ii) -----
36
(iii) -----
18 So, a + b + c + d = 1440 (f + g + h + g + h + e + h + e
14 (a) 1 : 250 000 (b) 1 : 1 000 000 + f + e + f + g)
= 1440 3(e + f + g + h)
15 (a) Y
10 = 360
27 (a) y = 3(x 4)2 2
8 (b) Dilated by a factor of 2, reflected in the x-axis,
6 and moved 7 units up.
28 Need to draw a spinner with 31 equal pieces: 16
4
green, eight blue, four brown, two pink and one red.
2

4
2 0 2 4 X
2
4
6
8
10

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HMZVELS9EN-Answers Page 513 Monday, June 30, 2008 1:14 PM

4 (a) C (b) C Exercise 1.5 (p. 27)

514 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

516 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

6 a b c a2 b2 c2 2 (a) 25.40 (b) 19.74 (c) 31.43

518 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

17 S1 = 4R21, S2 = 4R22 Exercise 4.6 (p. 177)

520 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

13 (a) (a b c)(a + b + c) Chapter review (p. 189)

Exercise 4.9 (p. 186) Replay (p. 192)

Exercise 5.1 (p. 199) (c) (i) t = 42.13 cm (ii) b = 51.68 cm

Exercise 5.2 (p. 203) 10 (a) (b) sine

522 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

Exercise 5.4 (p. 214) Mixed revision two (p. 238)

2 (a) C (b) D (c) D (c) 49d2 42dw + 9w2

524 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

(b) 15 m/s (c) 15 (d) D = 15t (e) 795 m

0 8 (i) (b) 2, 3 (c) 3, 4 (d) 2, 1 (e) 4, 2

526 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

(c) y-intercept 3, gradient 1 2 (i) (a) y-intercept 4, gradient 2

1 (ii) (a) Y (b) Y

(c) Y (d) Y (d) mass of

100 000 (8, 106 000)

80 000 (e) Y (f) Y

528 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

2 (i) (a) 4, 8 (b) 3, 9 (c) 5, 5 (d) 2, 2

(e) Y (f) Y (c) Y (d) Y

2 (a) y = 6 (b) y = 2 (c) y = 2--3- x (d) y = 3

5 (a) Y (b) Y (m) Y (n) Y

530 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

(o) Y (p) Y 2 (a) a = 2 (b) b = 6 (c) b = 3 (d) d = 1

Exercise 6.10 (p. 288) (i) 9

(c) (k) y 1---

(h) (g) y 12 (h) y  6

532 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

6 20C 428; C $21.40 (c) Y (d) Y

(b) Amount 6 (a) 4, 2 (b) 2, 3

8 8 (a) x2 + 2x 15 (b) 2x2 13x + 15

534 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

Exercise 7.1 (p. 312) median = 78.5, mode = 78

536 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

538 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

12 (a) whole of Victoria. For all types of dwelling they are

3 (a) Frequency 5 (a) Frequency

540 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

7 (a) Frequency (e) Frequency

3 8 13 18 23 28 33 (b) and (c)

it is not as strong a connection as for the other two 5 (a)

7 Cobram Foster 3540 6

544 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

14 Astros Comets 16 (a) Wetlands Flood Plains

546 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

548 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

7 Not true. Concave, irregular quadrilaterals are Replay (p. 418)

550 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

(c) ( 1 1--2- , 4 1--2- ); maximum turning point (iii) Y

7 Reection in Translation in Translation in

8 Students own answers 4 (a) x = 5, x = 5 (b) x = 9, x = 9 (c) x = 2, x = 2

552 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

554 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

8 (a) 4 (a) B (b) B (c) D (d) B

4 (a) x = 0 or x = 4 (b) x = 7 or x = 1 (b) Y

556 HEINEMANN MATHS ZONE 9

(h) (g) y 12 (h) y 6

7 Cobram Foster 3540 6