GIS Technology Selection for Visualization of
Economics Independence Modeling of Former
Woman Migrant Worker (WMW)
Kusrini1, Muhamad Idris Purwanto2, Kusuma Chandra Kirana3, Arif Dwi Laksito4
1,2,4
AMIKOM Yogyakarta University
2
Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University
Jl. Ringroad Utara Condong Catur Depok Sleman
Yogyakarta 55283 Indonesia
Abstract- The high number of WMW from Gunung Kidul
and the problems they face, prompting the need for an
effort to take action to create economic independence of
former WMW. On the other side, the vast potential of
waqf (endowment) utilization can be optimized to be an
asset to push economics independence of former WMW. A
visualization is required to facilitate the decision-making
process. It visualized either primary data or outcome
result information of decision support system model in the
form of GIS. There are two approaches of GIS
implementations to be analyzed in this paper, the first is by
using ArcGIS software in processing an analog map into
digital, and the other by using the services from Google
Map and Google Map API. By taking into account the
application capability, the support needed for
implementing the method, infrastructure and data held by
Departemen Agama Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, then
Google Maps is selected as the method for visualization.
Keywords: GIS, Cash Waqf, DSS, Former WMW
I. INTRODUCTION
Gunung Kidul Regency is located in the Daerah Istimewa
Yogyakarta(DIY) Province. The regency has a vast coastal
area. This area has a high poverty rate. This sad fact occurs
due to the barren land and supported by low education levels.
This situation triggers people of Gunung Kidul to work as
housemaid either domestically or going abroad from their
country. Gunung Kidul is also well-known in DIY province as
the biggest regency in producing migrant workers.
Most of the reason the Woman Migrant Worker (WMW)
working abroad is about the economy. Poverty and
unemployment have made them recklessly leaving to work for
their life, even though they do not have sufficient knowledge
to work overseas. Some of them indeed managed to achieve a
significant income to build their familys economic life but the
number that failed is not small. The risk faced by WMW that
going abroad is very large; it is torture. This situation should
become a serious concern not only by government but also by
intellectuals and public figures.
Based on the result of in-depth interview conducted by
research team to former WMWs in several villages in Gunung
Kidul, they working abroad as a housemaid for more than five
years long on average. The incomes that they get from the job
are mostly used for only consumptive purposes. That
explained why after they become unable to work again due to
their age, they just go back into poverty. This phenomenon
occurs in many WMW throughout Indonesia. Only a few
among those who managed to achieve economic
independence.
From this situation background, the writers then conducted
a study that digging the data of number and distribution of
poor people and WMW in Gunung Kidul. The collected data
also including education background, age, and profession of
the WMWs. The writers also explored the interests and the
talents of WMWs observed. From the data collected, the
writers modeled a decision support system for determining
suitable job for former WMWs, determined the distribution of
cash waqf potential, and waqf form to support economic
independence of former WMWs.
Waqf is a legal act of a wakif that separate and/or give a
portion of his belonging to be utilized permanently or for an
adequate period for the need of worship and/or public welfare
according to syariah[1]. Another definition for waqf is the
dedication of a specified asset (mawquf) by a settlor (waqif)
into the administration of a mutawalli through a legal
instrument (waqfiyyah) such that the income or usufruct of
that asset benefits a stated beneficiary (mawquf alaih) or is
used for a stated purpose[2].
The properties that may be used as a waqf consists of
immovable and movable goods. These objects can be in the
form of land, buildings, plants, money or lease rights [1].
From this definition, it can be inferred that waqf is not always
in the form of land as most cases, but can also be in the form
of cash waqf.
In order to reach the waqfs objective and function, goods
waqf can only be allocated to: 1) the facilities and activities of
worship 2) education and health facilities and activities; 3)
assistance to the poor, abandoned children, orphans,
scholarships; 4) advancement and economic improvement of
the people; and/or 5) others public welfare advancement that is
not contrary to the sharia and positive law[1]. From this
points, then the waqf allotment is highly possible to support
economic independence for former WMWs.
Today the majority of Indonesian Muslims perceive that
the waqf for religion activities is more important than the one
that is purposed for social empowerment. For the most of the
time, the waqf funds are allocated for religious areas, such as
the construction of the mosque, mushala, cemetery and so
forth. Whereas for empowerment purposes, such as education,
economic empowerment, and public welfare, have not yet
considered important.
A wakif usually only donate assets in the form of lands or
school buildings to Nazhir, and close their eyes to their
operating costs and their economic development. As a result,
many Islamic educational foundations, based on waqf, just
closed down or abandoned, because they have ran out of
operational funds.
From the data collected, it is known that the waqf potential
in Indonesia is very big, because of the number of Muslim in
Indonesia is the highest among the countries in the world. The
count of land waqf in Indonesia is 304.407 location, with land
area of 46.194,98 Ha[3] and distributed like as shown in
Figure 1[3]
Figure 1. Distribution of Utilization of Waqf Land [3]
However, this potential has not been able to give a
significant role to the public welfare and empowering people
economy. The research of waqf by the PBB UIN Syahid
Jakarta to 500 Nazhir respondents in 11 provinces showed that
the waqfs in Indonesia, are mostly managed by individuals
(66%) than the organization (16%) and legal entities (18%). In
addition, the goods waqf mostly fell into unproductive (77%)
than productive (23%). Another common finding also shows
the greatest utilization of property waqf was the mosque
(79%), and mostly located in rural areas (59%) than urban
areas (41%) [4].
Money waqf, in its form, has been viewed as one solution
that can make waqf more productive. Money waqf can be
flexibly managed to increase public welfare.
Data obtained and outputs of the model will be visualized
in the form of geographic information systems (GIS). GIS is a
tool / media to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze, and
display geographic attributed data (geospatial data) to support
the decision-making process in the planning and management
of natural resources, environment, transport, urban and
administrative problems [6]. Geographic information system
has been widely used for visualization such as for building an
irrigation tunnel in some areas in Majalengka, Cirebon and
Indramayu [7] and for the visualization of clinical data that
contains baby birth data at a specific region [8]. GIS can also
be used to support the decision-making process, as was done
for the decision-making system on water management that is
related to the condition of water flooding or landslides [9], the
decision-making for controlling flood disaster in Quanzhou
[10] and for geographic analyzing of patent data is in local
scale [11].
There are many methods that can be used to implement
GIS such as Falahahs research that designs a system running
on web based application using some GIS softwares, namely
ArcGIS, Quantum GIS, PostGIS, GeoServer, OpenLayers and
using PostgreSQL database [6] and the research conducted by
Tradigo using an open source GIS namely Geomedica that
developed by the Bioinformatics Laboratory of the University
Magna Graecia. The system uses the services of Google Map
and Google Map API to present, manipulate and visualize
geographic data [7].
In this paper, the study outlined the selection of GIS
implementation method for visualize the distribution of poor
people, former WMWs and their backgrounds, and finished
with advices in decision-making in relation to the cash waqf
amount and form distribution.
II. RESEARCH METHOD
In analyzing the appropriate method to be used to
implement GIS support in visualizing and supporting the
decision-making, the authors assessing the ability of each
method. The writers also analyze the support needed to
implement the method. Furthermore, the writers evaluate the
infrastructure and data owned by Departemen Agama of
Kabupaten Gunung Kidul as the main stakeholders of this
system. Of these three variables, the writers determine which
method is the most feasible.
In a previous study conducted by Falahah, ArcGIS
software is used in processing maps from analog into digital
form. ArcGIS is a software developed by ESRI (Environment
Science & Research Institute) which is desktop based and
running on the Windows platform. The application is used to
compile, write, analyze, shared, mapping and publish spatial
information. The Framework (system) consists of ArcMap,
ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox, ArcGlobe, ArcReader, and
ModelBuilder with some level of functionality. ArcInfo is a
full functionality professional desktop GIS software (including
geoprocessing tools) [6].
Steps being taken by Falahah are to use a basic map in
.dwg format (AUTOCAD) and then process it using ArcGIS
into .shp. Based on the processing result, the map is then
divided into several of layer parts that provide the information
to be displayed. The next step is to reformat the map into
PostgreSQL using PostGIS shapefile and the DBF Loader. held in this study. The regional information has already been
The spatial data is then processed using GeoServer and available on the Population Agencys official website of
displayed on a web page using OpenLayers. The map used Yogyakarta Province. Information obtained from the website
QuantumGIS as coloring node. is in the form of the coordinates of the sub-districts and
Meanwhile, Tradigo used Google Map to visualize villages in the Yogyakarta Province as shown in Figure 3.
geographic data. Google Map is a web-based service for
mapping and cartography with a relatively fast loading.
Google Maps can also display maps in tiled view and provide
an API (Application Programming Interface) script that is rich
and easy to be developed [11].
The system architecture of the method performed by
Tradigo is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 3. Coordinate data of Yogyakarta Province[12]

Related parties that use this information are located in

different places, so it is needed a system that can be used by
them quickly and accurately. The option to use of web-based
applications is selected in this study.
The absence of a digital map in the existing data, requires
this method to display existing spatial data that are ready to be
Figure 2. Tradigos Method Architecture [7]
integrated with the existing data. The selected Google Maps
allows us to display the map and Google Maps API as a
The Preprocessing process consisted of normalization and
service is used to manipulate the data within the Google Maps.
selection of data from various resources. Geocoding stage
The use of Google Maps does not require Map Server to
is done by inserting the geographic information into
display the map data. Instead it is done by just using the
address field in the spatial DB. The next stage is making a
available APIs to use that kind of service. However, it is still
request to to Google Maps as the geocoding engine.
needed a web server and server side scripting to display the
Query Engine module is roled to perform filtering on
webpage to the user and to perform query into database that
information needed and to translate the data from Spatial
the result is visualized in the map view.
DB into Java Object Collection to be ready to be
The Google Maps is easy to be integrated into webpage.
processed on the map. The Graphical Interface module is
The service can simply to be used by using Javascript library
designed for users to search the data and ready to be
that is located on Google servers (as shown in Figure 4) [13].
shown on the map in the webpage.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION <script async defer

src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?k
ey=YOUR_API_KEY&callback=initMap"></script>
Information to be visualized in GIS application are the
geographic distribution number of poor people, the geographic
distribution number of former WMW and the distribution of Figure 4. Google Maps service script
former WMW from their social background such as education
level, age, job interest, talent, and so on. Beside that, this By using the available functions of Google Maps library,
application will model a DSS for determining the most the map can be displayed as HTML elements. Additional
possible job from the former WMWs background in order to necessary information can be added to visualize the
determine the format of waqf to be distributed. distribution data of cash waqf. Figure 5 is an example of the
The output of the DSS is in the form of distribution information displayed on Google Maps containing marker of a
potential of former WMW job and cash waqf distribution region and windowed information of data taken from database
including the form. The output will also be visualized in GIS query result.
application.
Regional information in Gunung Kidul only in the form
form of sub-district and village names only. There is no
information in the form of analog maps obtained from the
field studies, so the processing of map data to digital is not

Figure 5. Google Maps display in webpage
IV. CONCLUSION
From the results of the study of the two methods in GIS
implementation, Google Maps is selected as the solution
to visualize information based on the field data and meet
the user requirement in accessing the cash waqf
information. This selection meets the three formulated
variables, namely:
1. The Google Maps method is more appropriate in
displaying the maps that is ready to use.
2. The support from the Google Maps API allows this
research to add geographic information to the maps
on Google Maps in simple way.
3. The requirement for user access that located in
different places to use an online-based system and
Google Maps can be directly used in webpage
without additional investment of software / hardware.
In the future research, it is planned to create a decision-
making system in determining cash waqf in the sub-
districts and villages in Gunung Kidul. The visualization
using GIS is expected to help stakeholders to obtain
information more easily.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The witers would like to express their gratitude to Universitas
AMIKOM Yogyakarta and Dirjen Kementerian Riset
Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia that
have been supported the funding of this research. The
appreciation is also extended to Dinas Sosial, Tenaga Kerja
dan Transmigrasi Gunungkidul and Kementerian Agama
Kabupaten Gunungkidul that have supported the research by
providing related data.
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