INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERA QUMICA E

INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS

LABORATORIO DE PROCESOS DE SEPARACIN POR MEMBRANAS

Y LOS QUE INVOLUCRA UNA FASE SLIDA

PRCTICA: SECADOR DE CHAROLAS

ALUMNO:
Potrero Domnguez Tania Isabel

PROFESOR:
Escobar Ballesteros Pedro

GRUPO:
3IV92

SECCIN:
B

EQUIPO:
6
TABLA DE DATOS EXPERIMENTALES
TEMPERATURA ENTRADA SALIDA

Bulbo hmedo 20C 20C

Bulbo seco 22C 22C

Muestra rea=A=
( ) () () ()
1
Rectngulo 0.001125 2.8 0.46 0.41
manzana
2
Tringulo 0.000673 1.69 0.25 0.24
manzana
3
Rombo 0.000242 0.79 0.12 0.12
manzana
4
Cuadrado papa 0.0009 2.43 0.56 0.46
5
Tringulo papa 0.000384 1.37 0.28 0.24
6
Rectngulo 0.000756 4.64 2.14 1.46
papa

No. de Tiempo Peso (g) Peso (g) Peso (g) Peso (g) Peso (g) Peso (g)
corridas M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 M-5 M-6

0 0 2.8 1.69 0.79 2.43 1.37 4.64

1 5 1.96 1.07 0.38 1.73 0.92 3.87

2 10 1.54 0.79 0.21 1.42 0.72 3.51

3 15 1.23 0.57 0.13 1.19 0.59 3.2

4 20 0.98 0.37 0.12 1.0 0.5 2.91

5 25 0.78 0.26 0.12 0.85 0.41 2.65

6 30 0.65 0.25 0.12 0.73 0.36 2.47

7 35 0.52 0.25 0.12 0.63 0.3 2.3

8 40 0.46 0.25 0.12 0.56 0.28 2.14

CLCULOS

Humedad del slido base seca

=

Muestra 1, rectngulo manzana

(2.8 0.41) 2
1 = = 5.83
0.41
(1.96 0.41) 2
2 = = 3.78
0.41
(1.54 0.41) 2
3 = = 2.76
0.41
(1.23 0.41) 2
4 = = 2.0
0.41
(0.98 0.41) 2
5 = = 1.39
0.41
(0.78 0.41) 2
6 = = 0.90
0.41
(0.65 0.41) 2
7 = = 0.59
0.41
(0.52 0.41) 2
8 = = 0.27
0.41
(0.46 0.41) 2
9 = = 0.12
0.41
Muestra 2, tringulo manzana

(1.69 0.24) 2
1 = = 6.04
0.24
(1.07 0.24) 2
2 = = 3.46
0.24
(0.79 0.24) 2
3 = = 2.29
0.24
(0.57 0.24) 2
4 = = 1.38
0.24
(0.37 0.24) 2
5 = = 0.54
0.24
 (0.26 0.24) 2
6 = = 0.083
0.24
(0.25 0.24) 2
7 = = 0.042
0.24
(0.25 0.24) 2
8 = = 0.042
0.24
(0.25 0.24) 2
9 = = 0.042
0.24

Muestra 3, rombo manzana

(0.79 0.12) 2
1 = = 5.58
0.12
(0.38 0.12) 2
2 = = 2.17
0.12
(0.21 0.12) 2
3 = = 0.75
0.12
(0.13 0.12) 2
4 = = 0.083
0.12
(0.12 0.12) 2
5 = =0
0.12
(0.12 0.12) 2
6 = =0
0.12
(0.12 0.12) 2
7 = =0
0.12
(0.12 0.12) 2
8 = =0
0.12
(0.12 0.12) 2
9 = =0
0.12

Muestra 4, cuadrado papa

(2.43 0.46) 2
1 = = 4.28
0.46
(1.73 0.46) 2
2 = = 2.76
0.46
(1.42 0.46) 2
3 = = 2.087
0.46
(1.19 0.46) 2
4 = = 1.59
0.46
(1.0 0.46) 2
5 = = 1.17
0.46
(0.85 0.46) 2
6 = = 0.85
0.46
 (0.73 0.46) 2
7 = = 0.59
0.46
(0.63 0.46) 2
8 = = 0.37
0.46
(0.56 0.46) 2
9 = = 0.22
0.46

Muestra 5, tringulo papa

(1.37 0.24) 2
1 = = 4.71
0.24
(0.92 0.24) 2
2 = = 2.83
0.24
(0.72 0.24) 2
3 = = 2.0
0.24
(0.59 0.24) 2
4 = = 1.46
0.24
(0.5 0.24) 2
5 = = 1.083
0.24
(0.41 0.24) 2
6 = = 0.71
0.24
(0.36 0.24) 2
7 = = 0.5
0.24
(0.3 0.24) 2
8 = = 0.25
0.24
(0.28 0.24) 2
9 = = 0.17
0.24

Muestra 6, rectngulo papa

(4.64 1.46) 2
1 = = 2.18
1.46
(3.87 1.46) 2
2 = = 1.65
1.46
(3.51 1.46) 2
3 = = 1.40
1.46
(3.2 1.46) 2
4 = = 1.19
1.46
(2.91 1.46) 2
5 = = 0.99
1.46
(2.65 1.46) 2
6 = = 0.82
1.46
(2.47 1.46) 2
7 = = 0.69
1.46
 (2.3 1.46) 2
8 = = 0.58
1.46
(2.14 1.46) 2
9 = = 0.47
1.46

Delta

Muestra 1, rectngulo manzana

2 2
= (3.78 5.83) = 2.05

2 2
= (2.76 3.78) = 1.02

2 2
= (2.0 2.76) = 0.76

2 2
= (1.39 2.0) = 0.61

2 2
= (0.90 1.39) = 0.49

2 2
= (0.59 0.90) = 0.31

2 2
= (0.27 0.59) = 0.32

2 2
= (0.12 0.27) = 0.15

Muestra 2, tringulo manzana

2 2
= (3.46 6.04) = 2.58

2 2
= (2.29 3.46) = 1.17

2 2
= (1.38 2.29) = 0.91

2 2
= (0.54 1.38) = 0.84

2 2
= (0.083 0.54) = 0.46

2 2
= (0.042 0.042) =0

2 2
= (0.042 0.042) =0

 2 2
= (0.042 0.042) =0

Muestra 3, rombo manzana

2 2
= (2.17 5.58) = 3.41

2 2
= (0.75 2.17) = 1.42

2 2
= (0.083 0.75) = 0.067

2 2
= (0 (0.083)) = 0.083

2 2
= (0 0) =0

2 2
= (0 0) =0

2 2
= (0 0) =0

2 2
= (0 0) =0

Muestra 4, cuadrado papa

2 2
= (2.76 4.29) = 1.53

2 2
= (2.087 2.76) = 0.67

2 2
= (1.59 2.087) = 0.49

2 2
= (1.17 1.59) = 0.42

2 2
= (0.85 1.17) = 0.32

2 2
= (0.59 0.85) = 0.26

2 2
= (0.37 0.59) = 0.22

2 2
= (0.22 0.37) = 0.15

Muestra 5, tringulo papa

 2 2
= (2.83 4.71) = 1.88

2 2
= (2.0 2.83) = 0.83

2 2
= (1.46 2.0) = 0.54

2 2
= (1.083 1.46) = 0.38

2 2
= (0.71 1.083) = 0.37

2 2
= (0.5 0.71) = 0.21

2 2
= (0.25 0.5) = 0.25

2 2
= (0.17 0.25) = 0.08

Muestra 6, rectngulo papa

2 2
= (1.65 2.18) = 0.53

2 2
= (1.4 1.65) = 0.25

2 2
= (1.19 1.4) = 0.21

2 2
= (0.99 1.19) = 0.2

2 2
= (0.82 0.99) = 0.17

2 2
= (0.69 0.82) = 0.13

2 2
= (0.58 0.69) = 0.11

2 2
= (0.47 0.58) = 0.11

Velocidad de secado

=

Muestra 1, rectngulo manzana
 2
0.41 2.05
= = 149.42 = 0.0025
0.001125 2 5 2 2

2
0.41 1.02
= 2
= 74.35 2 = 0.0012 2
0.001125 5

2
0.41 0.76
= = 55.40 = 0.00092
0.001125 2 5 2 2

2
0.41 0.61
= 2
= 44.46 2 = 0.00074 2
0.001125 5

2
0.41 0.49
= 2
= 35.72 2 = 0.00060 2
0.001125 5
2
0.41 0.31
= 2
= 22.60 2 = 0.00038 2
0.001125 5

2
0.41 0.32

= = 23.32 = 0.00039
0.001125 2 5 2 2
2
0.41 0.15
= 2
= 10.93 2 = 0.00018 2
0.001125 5

Muestra 2, tringulo manzana

2
0.24 2.58
= 2
= 184.012 2 = 0.0031 2
0.000673 5

2
0.24 1.17
= 2
= 83.45 2 = 0.0014 2
0.000673 5

2
0.24 0.91
= 2
= 64.90 2 = 0.0011 2
0.000673 5
 2
0.24 0.84
= = 59.91 = 0.0099
0.000673 2 5 2 2

2
0.24 0.46
= 2
= 32.81 2 = 0.00055 2
0.000673 5

2
0.24 0
= = 0 = 0
0.000673 2 5 2 2
2
0.24 0
= 2
=0 2 =0 2
0.000673 5

2
0.24 0
= = 0 = 0
0.000673 2 5 2 2

Muestra 3, rombo manzana

2
0.12 3.41
= = 338.18 = 0.0056
0.000242 2 5 2 2

2
0.12 1.42
= 2
= 140.83 2 = 0.0023 2
0.000242 5
2
0.12 0.067
= 2
= 6.65 2 = 0.00011 2
0.000242 5
2
0.12 0.083
= = 8.23 = 0.00014
0.000242 2 5 2 2

2
0.12 0
= = 0 = 0
0.000242 2 5 2 2

2
0.12 0
= 2
=0 2 =0 2
0.000242 5
 2
0.12 0
= = 0 = 0
0.000242 2 5 2 2

2
0.12 0
= 2
=0 2 =0 2
0.000242 5

Muestra 4, cuadrado papa

2
0.46 1.53
= 2
= 156.4 2 = 0.0026 2
0.0009 5

2
0.46 0.67
= 2
= 69.49 2 = 0.0012 2
0.0009 5

2
0.46 0.49
= = 50.09 = 0.00083
0.0009 2 5 2 2

2
0.46 0.42
= = 42.93 = 0.00072
0.0009 2 5 2 2
2
0.46 0.32
= 2
= 32.71 2 = 0.00055 2
0.0009 5

2
0.46 0.26
= 2
= 26.58 2 = 0.00044 2
0.0009 5
2
0.46 0.22
= 2
= 22.49 2 = 0.00037 2
0.0009 5

2
0.46 0.15
= = 15.33 = 0.00026
0.0009 2 5 2 2

Muestra 5, tringulo papa

2
0.24 1.88
= = 235 = 0.0039
0.000384 2 5 2 2
 2
0.24 0.83
= = 103.75 = 0.0017
0.000384 2 5 2 2

2
0.24 0.54
= 2
= 67.5 2 = 0.0011 2
0.000384 5

2
0.24 0.38
= = 47.5 = 0.00079
0.000384 2 5 2 2

2
0.24 0.37
= 2
= 46.25 2 = 0.00077 2
0.000384 5

2
0.24 0.21
= 2
= 26.25 2 = 0.00044 2
0.000384 5

2
0.24 0.25
= 2
= 31.25 2 = 0.00052 2
0.000384 5

2
0.24 0.08

= 2
= 10 2 = 0.00017 2
0.000384 5

Muestra 6, rectngulo papa

2
1.46 0.53
= 2
= 204.71 2 = 0.0034 2
0.000756 5

2
1.46 0.25
= 2
= 96.56 2 = 0.0016 2
0.000756 5

2
1.46 0.21
= 2
= 81.11 2 = 0.0014 2
0.000756 5
2
1.46 0.2
= = 77.25 = 0.0013
0.000756 2 5 2 2
 2
1.46 0.17
= = 65.66 = 0.0011
0.000756 2 5 2 2
2
1.46 0.13
= = 50.21 = 0.00084
0.000756 2 5 2 2

2
1.46 0.11
= 2
= 42.49 2 = 0.00071 2
0.000756 5

2
1.46 0.11
= = 42.49 = 0.00071
0.000756 2 5 2 2

+
=

Muestra 1, rectngulo manzana

2
(5.83 + 3.78) 2
= = 4.805
2
2
(3.78 + 2.76) 2

= = 3.27
2
2
(2.76 + 2.0) 2
= = 2.38
2
2
(2.0 + 1.39) 2
= = 1.695
2
2
(1.39 + 0.90) 2
= = 1.145
2
2
(0.90 + 0.59) 2
= = 0.745
2
2
(0.59 + 0.27) 2

= = 0.43
2
2
(0.27 + 0.12) 2
= = 0.195
2
 Muestra 2, tringulo manzana

2
(6.042 + 3.46) 2
= = 4.751
2
2
(3.46 + 2.29) 2

= = 2.875
2
2
(2.29 + 1.38) 2
= = 1.835
2
2
(1.38 + 0.54) 2
= = 0.96
2
2
(0.54 + 0.083) 2
= = 0.312
2
2
(0.083 + 0.042) 2

= = 0.0625
2
2
(0.042 + 0.042) 2

= = 0.042
2
2
(0.042 + 0.042) 2

= = 0.042
2

Muestra 3, rombo manzana

2
(5.58 + 2.17) 2
= = 3.875
2
2
(2.17 + 0.75) 2

= = 1.46
2
2
(0.75 + 0.083) 2
= = 0.417
2
2
(0.083 + 0) 2

= = 0.0415
2
2
(0 + 0) 2
= =0
2
2
(0 + 0) 2
= =0
2
 2
(0 + 0) 2
= =0
2
2
(0 + 0) 2
= =0
2

Muestra 4, cuadrado papa

2
(4.28 + 2.76) 2

= = 3.52
2
2
(2.76 + 2.087) 2

= = 2.424
2
2
(2.087 + 1.59) 2
= = 1.839
2
2
(1.59 + 1.17) 2
= = 1.38
2
2
(1.17 + 0.85) 2
= = 1.01
2
2
(0.85 + 0.59) 2

= = 0.72
2
2
(0.59 + 0.37) 2
= = 0.48
2
2
(0.37 + 0.22) 2
= = 0.295
2

Muestra 5, tringulo papa

2
(4.71 + 2. .83) 2

= = 3.77
2
2
(2.83 + 2.0) 2

= = 2.415
2
2
(2.0 + 1.46) 2

= = 1.73
2
2
(1.46 + 1.083) 2
= = 1.272
2
 2
(1.083 + 0.71) 2
= = 0.897
2
2
(0.71 + 0.5) 2
= = 0.695
2
2
(0.5 + 0.25) 2
= = 0.375
2
2
(0.25 + 0.17) 2
= = 0.21
2

Muestra 6, rectngulo papa

2
(2.18 + 1.65) 2
= = 1.915
2
2
(1.65 + 1.40) 2

= = 1.525
2
2
(1.40 + 1.19) 2
= = 1.295
2
2
(1.19 + 0.99) 2

= = 1.09
2
2
(0.99 + 0.82) 2
= = 0.905
2
2
(0.82 + 0.69) 2
= = 0.755
2
2
(0.69 + 0.58) 2
= = 0.635
2
2
(0.58 + 0.47) 2
= = 0.525
2
 TABLA DE RESULTADOS

Muestra 1, rectngulo manzana

No. Tiempo X N
corrida (min)
0 0 5.83 -2.05 149.4 4.805
1 5 3.78 -1.02 74.35 3.27
2 10 2.76 -0.76 55.4 2.38
3 15 2 -0.61 44.46 1.695
4 20 1.39 -0.49 35.72 1.145
5 25 0.90 -0.31 22.6 0.745
6 30 0.59 -0.32 23.32 0.43
7 35 0.27 -0.15 10.93 0.195
8 40 0.12

Muestra 2, tringulo manzana

No. Tiempo X N
corrida (min)
0 0 6.042 -2.58 184 4.751
1 5 3.458 -1-17 83.45 2.875
2 10 2.292 -0.91 64.9 1.835
3 15 1.375 -0.84 59.91 0.96
4 20 0.5417 -0.46 32.81 0.312
5 25 0.0833 0 0 0.0625
6 30 0.0417 0 0 0.042
7 35 0.0417 0 0 0.042
8 40 0.0417

Muestra 3, rombo manzana

No. Tiempo X N
corrida (min)
0 0 5.583 -3.41 338.2 3.875
1 5 2.167 -1.42 140.8 1.46
2 10 0.75 -0.067 6.65 0.417
3 15 0.0833 0.083 -8.23 0.0415
4 20 0 0 0 0
5 25 0 0 0 0
6 30 0 0 0 0
7 35 0 0 0 0
8 40 0
 Muestra 4, cuadrado papa

No. Tiempo X N
corrida (min)
0 0 4.283 -1.53 154.6 3.52
1 5 2.761 -0.67 69.49 2.424
2 10 2.087 -0.49 50.09 1.839
3 15 1.587 -0.42 42.93 1.38
4 20 1.174 -0.32 32.71 1.01
5 25 0.8478 -0.26 26.58 0.72
6 30 0.587 -0.22 22.49 0.48
7 35 0.3696 -0.15 15.33 0.295
8 40 0.2174

Muestra 5, tringulo papa

No. Tiempo X N
corrida (min)
0 0 4.708 -0.53 235 3.77
1 5 2.833 -0.25 103.8 2.415
2 10 2 -0.21 67.5 1.73
3 15 1.458 -0.2 47.5 1.272
4 20 1.083 -0.17 46.25 0.897
5 25 0.7083 -0.13 25.25 0.695
6 30 0.5 -0.11 31.25 0.375
7 35 0.25 -0.11 10 0.21
8 40 0.1667

Muestra 6, rectngulo papa

No. Tiempo X N
corrida (min)
0 0 2.178 -0.53 204.7 1.915
1 5 1.651 -0.25 96.56 1.525
2 10 1.404 -0.21 81.11 1.295
3 15 1.192 -0.2 77.25 1.09
4 20 0.9932 -0.17 65.66 0.905
5 25 0.8151 -0.13 50.21 0.755
6 30 0.6918 -0.11 42.49 0.635
7 35 0.5753 -0.11 42.49 0.525
8 40 0.4658
 GRFICA DE VELOCIDAD DE SECADO

Velocidad de secado vs Xpromedio

400

350

300

250
Velocidad de secado

Manzana, rectngulo

200 Manzana, tringulo

Manzana, rombo
150 Papa, cuadrado
Papa, tringulo
100 Papa, rectngulo

50

0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-50
Xpromedio

OBSERVACIONES

Se seleccionaron diferentes figuras al cortar los pedazos de papa y manzana;

rectngulos, tringulos, rombos y cuadrados. Tambin se tuvieron diferentes
grosores en cada una de ellas.
Las figuras de manzana y papa se colocaron en el mismo nivel del secador de
charolas.
Existe un margen de desviacin de la realidad debido a que al sacar las muestras para
pesarlas existe un descontrol en el rgimen de operacin, lo cual causa errores en los
resultados.
Las muestras de manzana fueron las primeras en mantener un peso de slido hmedo
constante.
CONCLUSIN
El secador de charolas es un equipo utilizado para eliminar lquido contenido en una sustancia.
Se puede decir que las muestras a medida que pasa el tiempo van teniendo una velocidad de secado
relativamente constante, esto depende del tamao y grosor de ellas. Como las muestras de manzana
en forma de tringulo y rombo; eran pequeas y delgadas, favoreciendo as que el secado se llevara
a cabo de manera ms rpida. Caso contrario a la muestra de papa en forma de rectngulo, era grande
y gruesa, lo que no permiti que se tuviera gran prdida de humedad.
Con la grfica de velocidad de secado obtenida se puede comparar con la grfica que se tiene en el
manual de prcticas; todas las muestras pasan por un periodo de velocidad decreciente para despus
llegar a un periodo de velocidad constante, en este caso no se aprecia de manera muy clara dicho
periodo, por lo que, no se sabe exactamente como se comportaran las velocidades de secado de las
muestras si stas presentaran la misma rea.