NR ‘he many unique values provided by stainless steel make it a powerful candidate in material selection. Engineers, specifiers and designers often underestimate or overlook these values because of what is viewed as the higher initial cost off stainless steel. However, over the total life of a project, stainless is often the best value option. WHAT IS STAINLESS STEEL? Stainless steel is essentially a low carbon steel which contains cheornium at 10! tr niore by weight, is this addition of chromium thar gives the stl its unique stainless, corsosion resisting properties The chromium content of the sted :llows the formation of a cE avisible, carrosion- igh, adherens, Film on the steel surface. IFdams, sisting chromium oxide zed mechanically or chemically this film is self-healing, provided that oxygen, even in very small amounts, is present. The corrosion resistance and other useful properties of the stel are enhanced by inereasedl chromium con- tent and the addition of ether clements such as molybdenum, nickel and nitrogen, There are more than 60 grades of scainless steel, However, the ice group can be divided into five classes. Fach is identified by the allying elenwents whieh aller their nsicrostructare and for which each is named BENEFITS OF STAINLESS STEEL Corrosion resistance — lower alloyed grades resist corrosion in atmospheric and pure water environments, while high-alloyed grades can resist corrosion in most acids, alkaline solutions, and chlorine bear- ing environments, properties which are utilized in process plants. Fire & heat resistance — spacial high chromium and nickel-alloyed grades resist scaling and retain strength at high temperatures, Hygiene — the easy cleaning ability of stainless makes it he first choice for strict hygiene conditions, such as hospitals, kitchens, abattors and other food processing plants Aesthetic appearance —the bright, easily maintained surface of stainless steel pro: vides a modern and attractive appearance. GRADES/APPLICATIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL 400 Series Martensitie — Typical grade: 410 Seraight chromium (12-18%), magnetic and ean be hardened by eat reatment, Typical use: Fasteners, pump shafis 400 Series Fervitic — Typical grade: 430 Seraight chromium (12-18%), “low” carbon, may hat treatable, Typ use: Appliance grim, cooking atensils 200/300 Series Austenitic Typical grade: 304 Chromium (17-25%)/ Nickel (8-25%}, non-magnetic, noe heat treatable. Can develop high strength by cold work, Additions of molybdensin (up to 798) can inetease the corrosion resistance Liypical use: Food equipment, chemical equipment, architectural applications Precipitation Hardening Chromium (12-2 Typical grade: (7-4 JoNNickel (3-996), martensitic or austenite Develop strength by precipitation hatdeninyg reaction daving heat treatunent. Typical use: Valves, gears, pe iipament Duplex — Typical grade: 2205 Cliromniuns (18-2540)/Nickel (4-7%) and up 10 49% molybde ‘num, More resistane to stress corrosion eracking than austenitic, yet tougher than fully fret alloys. "Typical use: Pipelines, prev sare vessel, shaft Strength-to-weight advantage — the work-hardening property of austenitic grades, that results in a significant strengthening of the material from cold- working alone, and th high strength duplex grades, allow reduced material thickness over conventional grades, there fore cost savings. Ease of fabrication —modem steel-making techniques mean that stainless can be cut, welded, formed, machined, and fabricated as readily as traditional steels. Impact resistance —the austenitic microstructure ofthe 300 series provides high toughness, from elevated temperatures to far below freezing, making these steels particularly suited to cryogenic applications Long term value when the total lifecycle casts are considered, stainless is often the least expensive material option. SPECIALTY STEEL INDUSTRY i OF NORTH AMERICA TEL oy eo 0) 920355 Fe a} naseCLASSIFICATION OF STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCT FORMS* Dimensions wea Description Thickness ‘Wid Diameter or Sze Sheet ‘Go ad cu gs Mil iises Now 1,20 & 2B lander (Gone) 24° & over (609.6) = Pol finishes Not 346,78 swith Sip ‘Gal Gnsed coll orc gtr vader 24° (609 Ge Pol finishes Ne 3.4, 6,7 88 ll wid Pe Fla roled 0 Fged ‘Save (676mm) er WF Sd) = Thr or Fished rounds aqua. xtagons and hexagons = es Ye 8 over (6351) Hot ished as YS ov G.182) 4° 35mm) co — Cal ined roonds sues ‘czgons and hexagons _ ald isd ae — 30 nel. (254m) over" (127mm) 2 & ver (95300 - Wie Gal ites only Round squse, octagon, hago (25400) fc wire 0.10" {0.2540m) fe 19 (139m) 4 8 under (12.700) under (:76men) ander "(2 53a) Tipe & Tabing | Seal disor dacarons with dieing sposicasions, ar avalable For infomation on sandand sine const yor foal Sel Sense Center forthe SSIS, Transions Nac considered "wandand” shapes bu of potently wide Ieee Goersnly Tid nao approsinatcly 6 7 (16S tman) Gamaer cee orstrcral “Tngot, Sab ad Hor Bands ls valle STANDARD MECHANICAL SHEET FINISHES Unpolished or Rolled Finishes Now A roggh dul suse which rule om hu ling ‘hicks Fallow by annealing in dscling No. 21> A dall ih which rss fom cold eli lowed by ancaingad ksi, and ny perhaps fil igh rl pase drag npishad toll. A 2D fini s sed where ayprance sf no concen, No. 201A light old alll Sis esl in the same miner as No, 209 Finny erp thar the anced al deselect veccives fina ight alls throng pls ell. This the general pares old alla Ain scam bein an 2 pty seen phi. Polished Finishes: 1No.} An ntti polish rice beso by Finishing wih. HN abesive, Goncrly ase where semis pole tice is requied. ANo. 3 finish usually recives atonal polishing luvin ibicion, Ne. No Ne ‘A pols skis obesns by inishing with 120-150 mesh alone, lowing ini ring wih nae abrasives Tu ea ipral-purpone bight Fs with x vine "rac which prove rr flection 2 ul sain Fisch ving lar fet dha No 4 Sih, I rsh y Timp brshing the No Fins in a mtn of Avaxve and o- Ieis use For achiscural applications and tmantition where high lr asa nd go cone ich brigher Finishes, A highly fective Finish dat soba by bufing find pound faa, uc ott the exten a compel removing the i” Hin ‘used cil fo ancicatsal and wevamenal pups ae mow reeves uti obtained by poling with successively Fine abrasives and hating exemivy uni al gr fits foes relminary grinding operations ar enone It sen for Applistions wach a meme an estos wise hear ested) Rough tured {o) Pele or bls leaned and pickled (a) Cold dean oe cal old fe) Centers ground (6) Palisa Annealed and cold {@) Cold drown or col olla worked to high (e) Centres ground renslenrengh'™* (6 Polished Surface Gnshes th, and (Pare applieble o round bas only Bar of the i ies since which are highly hardenable such ax “ype 414, 420, 4208 431, 440A, 4408 and 440C, are annealed bene ‘ough turning. Other hardenable grades, wich ax Types 403,410, 416 and 4168, may ao require annealing depending on thei vompostion and 7 Produced in Types M2, 3038e, 304 and 316 ‘CONDITIONS & FINISHES FOR BAR ‘CONDITIONS & FINISHES FOR PLATE Condon Surface Finer [Goodion apd Fahl Description and Remarks -Hor wo only a) Sele oor owed fcading spor condoning Hos ‘Seale oe emove No rad Plats nov {8 Rough unal™ troomeded fr fal we nth conon® {0 Peel or lan pil sv anne Salen vm. Us of ples in his colton Anno iho) Sele or cmved esl po condoning or haste i penny confined eos eng picaon. ‘Scie impairs comovion reine.” orld, annealed Condon and fi Te ete, blast corrosion reiting and mow st exiting, ne o pickled __apicatons Hot rolled, annealed Smoother nish for apelin applions dca and temper lpwsal hy commonly pected For Hot lled, sancald Smo Gish with grea fico fom we escaed old clled, —_impeeecion than the above snneald,dexaled, optionally temper sed [Hor rll annealed or Polished Bias refer osha Fes. ae erated, urice [deaned and phe “Surface inspection ivnotpeacical on plaice whi Bave aot boon pickle or rie dese