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2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2243
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Literature review
Sr Name of
no. Authors Remark
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2244
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Steps Used here are: cluster is the point to which the sum of distances from all the
objects in that cluster is minimized.
Color space transformation: That is RGB image is
transferred in to gray scale image using formulae Feature Extraction using GLCM:-
Image enhancement: The Image enhancement 1. GLCM generation. Before applying GLCM method to input
process involves noise reduction and contrast images, we must be sure that we can get texture feature for
adjustment. The value colour plane had its intensity leaf part only. So we convert all pixels outside the leaf using
adjusted so that the darker parts of the image goes mask to (NaN) Not a Number, to be ignored during GLCM
Darker to aid the image segmentation process . calculation. After that, GLCM has been calculated using the
following angles (0, 45, 90, 135). So that, we have got 4
Image Segmentation:- GLCM.
Segmentation means partitioning of images into 2. Texture feature calculation. The GCLM that generated in
various part or region and extracting meaningful region the last step were then used to evaluate the texture features.
known as region of interest (ROI).The level to which A number of texture features may be extracted from the
subdivision is carried depends on the problem being solved GLCM . In this work 7 texture features, as shown in equation
.Segmentation can be stopped when the region of interest in (1) to equation (7), have been extracted as follow: Calculate
an application have been separated. Segmentation exactitude GLCM using the following angles (0 , 45 , 90, 135), so we
determines success or failure of computerized analysis got 4 GLCM.
operation. So algorithm picked for segmentation should
perform best for given requirement. The segmentation can Contrast:
be done using various methods like Otsu method, k-means
clustering, converting RGB image into HIS model etc. CONTRAST = (1)
K-means clustering Entropy:
Clustering is a method to divide a set of data into a specific
number of groups. Its one of the popular method is k-means ENTROPY= (2)
clustering. In k-means clustering, it divides a collection of
data into a k number group of data11, 12. The algorithm is Mean:
also significantly sensitive to the initial randomly selected
= / (3)
cluster centres.It classifies given set of data into k number of
disjoint cluster. K-means algorithm consists of two separate Where: =(Sometimes call the x-bar) is the symbol for the
phases. mean.
In the first phase it estimates the k centroid and in the =is the symbol for summation.
second phase it takes each point to the cluster which has
closest centroid from the data point. There are different x =is the symbol for the scores.
methods to define the distance of the nearest centroid and
one of the most used methods is Euclidean distance. Once N =is the symbol for the number of score.
the grouping is done it recalculate the new centroid of each
cluster and based on that centroid, a new Euclidean distance Correlation:
is evaluated between each center and each data point and
assigns the points in the cluster which have minimum
Euclidean distance. Each cluster in the partition is defined by CORRELATION =
its member objects and by its centroid. The centroid for each (4)
Variance:
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2245
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
(5)
We express our heartfelt gratitude to our guide Prof. B.J.
Inverse Difference Moment: Chilke of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dept.
SDCOE, for their valuable guidance, co-operation and timely
help.
(6)
REFERENCES
Skewness:
[1] Mr. Dalgade Viren Suryakant. Nitrogen Deficiency
Calculation of Leaves Using Artificial Neural Network
(7) Proceedings ofVescomm-2016 4th National Conference
on Recent Trendes in VLSI, Embeded System, Signal
Processing and Communication.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2246
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2247