CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

GROUP 5
Facilitator : Jose Rizal, S.Si., M.Si
Leader : Indah Permata Lillahi
Sekretary : Fegi Dwi Putra
Syeri Febriyanti
Members : Hafiz Hadi
Fiqih Anansyah
Lintang Vidyaningrum
Rafida Aulia
Romauli Hutabarat
Vidya Meila Ningsih
Merina Selvira

MEDICAL FACULTY
UNIVERSITY OF BENGKULU
2012
 CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Trigger :

Eleven members of the World Healt Organization (WHO) declared the Southeast Asian
region's commitment and investment in the development of disaster management program.
The declaration was echoed by the health Ministers of state teams that participated in the
65th meeting of the WHO Regional Committee held on 5-7 September 2012 in Yogyakarta.
Investment disaster in Indonesia is one example of this commitment. Disaster response
system reinforced by the related agencies, as well as the public, especially after the tsunami
disaster in Aceh (2004), the eruption of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta (2010). Experts both
rescue teams and medical teams from WHO member countries to Participate in helping to
deal with the disaster victims. The team must have different cultures and languages, but can
be united in a society the rescue. System communication and rescue course using
technology tools simple to sophisticated. In communicating the different teams can use
verbal and nonverbal communication to the public and fellow team.

Terminology :

Declaration : clear and concise statement about something

Investment : investment in a business or company in order to gain
advantage
WHO : World Health Organization
Regional Committee : a person who is charged to lead the function of a
specific task within a given area
Search and Rescue team : Team search and resque
Commitment : an agreement to do something
The health care team : a group of people consisting of medical personnel
Verbal Communication : communication that have messaging in both written
and spoken word
Nonverbal communication: communication that have messaging form of gesture
and body movements

Identify the problem:

Communication in the different of cultural background and language

Analysis of the problem:

DEFINITION BENEFIT

TIME & PLACE

IMPACT
Cross-Cultural Communication

FACTOR
STAGES

WAY

Hypothesis:

Cross cultural communication is essential in disaster

Question :

1. What is the definition of cross-cultural communication?

Cross-cultural communication is communication between people of different

cultures (whether in race, ethnic, or the differences between socio-economic). Cross-
cultural communication occurs when a message must be understood by members of
a culture to consume members of other cultures (Samovar & Porter, 1994)

2. What is the differences of cross-cultural communication and social communication ?

Cross-cultural Communication
Communication that occurs between people who have different cultures
((whether in race, ethnicity, or the differences between socio-economic).
Social Communication
Communication to build self-concept, for survival, self-actualization, to obtain
happiness, avoid stress and addiction, among others, through an entertaining
communication, and build relationships with other people.

3. Explain the theory in cross-cultural communication?

DR. Liliweri Alo said that there are at least three sources that can be used to
generalize the theory of cross-cultural communication, namely:

Theories of intercultural communication that is built over the expansion of the

theory of communication that are specifically designed to explain the
communication intra / inter-cultural.
New theories formed from the results of research in the field of intercultural
communication.
Theories of intercultural communication obtained from the generalization of the
theory of science, including the social processes that are isomorphic.

Gundykunst (1983) suggests that there are five approaches in science

communication is assumed to explain the cross (inter) cultural. The five approaches
are:

Theory of Communication by implicit cultural analysis. A culture that shape does

not appear as an object, but he is "listed" or "implied" in the values and cultural
norms of a society, such as language.
Rule Role Theory Analysis. From various studies it is known that there is a wide
variety of application of the principles of the theory of "the rules of the role".
Some of the prominent issues such as: What are the basic properties owned by a
community.
 The theory of cross-cultural interaction analysis There are several approach
science communication is often used to describe the interaction between
cultures
Exchange Theory. The essence of this theory say that interpersonal relationships
could be continued and discontinued. The greater the gains from the greater
interpersonal relations opportunities are passed
Theory of a reduction in the level of certainty of Berger (1982) states that one of
the main functions of communication is a function of the information that is to
reduce the level of uncertainty communicator and communicant.

4. What are the benefits of cross-cultural communication?

Cross-cultural Communication encourage international.

For example, promote the sharing of information and experience and assist in
the deployment of the methodology adopted by the organization. Furthermore,
cross-cultural heterogeneity of the team have been found to encourage
innovation
Cross-cultural Communication profitable formal organizations sharing common
goals. This ensures that everyone remains focused on the same goals and
objectives of keeping up-to-date. Encourage individuals to collaborate
internationally, rather than working only in their home country, helping the
organization to ensure that all of its members to share knowledge. Access to a
variety of information to help everyone to keep their work up-to-date and high
quality.
Cross-cultural Communication promotes continuous improvement.
As Social Identity
In the process of intercultural communication, there are several individual
communication behaviors used to express social identity. Behavior is expressed
through actions speak both verbally and nonverbally. Of language behavior that
can be detected and social identity, as it is known ethnic origin, religion or level
of education.
As Social Integration
The core concept of social integration is to accept unity interpersonal, intergroup
but still recognizes the differences of every element. It should be understood
that one purpose of communication is to give the same meaning to the message
that is shared between the communicator and the communicant. In the case of
intercultural communication that involves cultural differences between
communicators with the communicant, the social integration is the ultimate goal
of communication. And the main principle in the exchange process of
intercultural communication message is: I treat you as you treat your culture and
 not the way I want. Thus the communicator and the communicant can promote
social integration on their relationship.
Increase Knowledge
Interpersonal and intercultural communication often gain knowledge together,
learn the culture of each.

Solve our problem

Sometimes we communicate with others to escape or give solution to the
problem we are facing. Communications options as we call it communication
function creating a complementary and symmetrical relationships.
Supervision
The practice of intercultural communication between the communicator and the
communicant watch each other work culture. In any process of intercultural
communication function is useful to inform the "development" of the
environment. This function is mostly done by the mass media routinely
disseminate developmental events occurring around us even though it happened
in a different cultural context.
Socialization value
To teach and introduce the cultural values of a community to other communities.
Entertain
frequently appeared in the process of intercultural communication. For example,
watching a hula dance and the "Hawaian" in a city park located in front of Zaw
Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii. Entertainment is included in the category of
intercultural entertainment.

5. When is cross-cultural communication done?

Communication across cultures done when a message producer

(communicator) is a member of a culture and the recipient (communicant) is a
members of other culture. As it is known that strongly influence the culture of
communication and culture are responsible for all treasury communication behavior
and the meaning of every person. Consequently, if there are two people of different
cultures, they will be different treasury has and will cause difficulties in
communicating.
So, a little more communicators should understand the cultural background
of the communicant. And lack of understanding between cultures with each other,
will meambantu much on the cross-cultural communication.
6. Are there differences in cross-cultural communication by the coverage point?

There is no difference in cross-cultural communication based on the coverage

area. Because basically do cross-cultural communication between two people /
cultures more different. The difference lies in the cultural background of people
doing cross-cultural communication.

7. What are the factors supporting cross-cultural communication?

Increase your knowledge

There is no better preparation for intercultural communication in addition to
studying other cultures. There are some easy ways to do. Viewing documents or
film represents the reality of a culture, explore magazines or websites about
culture, chat and even chat with people from different countries. This section can
help you to deal with fear so that they can interact in a way that is effective in
intercultural communication. Then, you will be able to choose the right
information to communicate
Educe ambiguity
All interactions in the communication contains vagueness and ambiguity. In this
situation a very large uncertainty requires effective communication techniques.
For example, active listening, checking perceptions, more specific, and see the
feedback.
Accepting differences
To communicate between cultures you have to accept that there is a difference
between yourself with other people from other cultures.
Stereotype Your Opponent
Stereotypes, especially when it is below consciousness, can create serious
communication problems. Stereotyping can also make you ignore the unique
characteristics of each individual.
Set Your Communication
Intercultural communication only takes place at the level when one can
understand the words and nonverbal from others. Since no two people who
share a system of symbols which is really the same meaning, the setting will
make all interpersonal interactions into intercultural interactions.
Reduce Ethnocentrism You Have
Ethnocentrism is the tendency for the evaluation of the values, beliefs, and
culture perlilaku you have to be more positive, logical, and natural than those
owned by the other cultures. It was also explained that the forms of patriotism
and willingness to sacrifice the benefits of a group.
8. What are the factors inhibiting cross-cultural communication?

Ethnocentrism, is defined as a belief in the inherent superiority of a group or

culture itself; ethnocentrism may be accompanied by a sense of disgust at people
who do not bunch. Ethnocentrism tends to look down on others who are not a
bunch of strangers and considered. Ethnocentrism view and measure foreign
cultures with their own culture. (Mulyana: 2000; 70)
Stereotypes, that generalize people based on little information and assumptions
formed by the people of their membership in a group.
Prejudice, is an unfair attitude disparage a person or group. Some experts tend to
think that stereotype is synonymous with prejudice, such as Donald Edgar and
Joe R. Fagi. It could be argued that the stereotype is a cognitive component
(beliefs) of the prejudice, while also dimensionless prejudice behavior. Thus,
prejudice is a consequence of the stereotypes, and observed more than
stereotypes.
Racism, emphasis on race or racial considerations emphasized. Sometimes this
term refers to a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories. If the
term racism usually refers to the nature of individual and institutional
discrimination, racism often refers to a social or political movement that
supports the theory of racism.

9. How to overcome the inhibiting factor for cross-cultural communication?

Be open to differences in the other person talking

Empathize-put yourself in the position of the other person who comes from a
certain cultural
Be supported by communicating descriptive, not evaluative, spontaneous, not
strategic,
Communicate a positive attitude
Treat people from different cultures are equal, avoiding a superior attitude
Be confident and calm in situations that you have not experienced
Establishing closeness will help resolve differences
Perform management interactions behave sensitive to differences in the way
took over
Use the power of expression to communicate and make interactions with a
smile
Oriented on the other hand steering the conversation to the other person

10. How do cross-cultural communication?

 The way to communicate on any areas that have different cultures, languages and
even races have different ways. This communication can be done with verbal and
nonverbal.
Verbal: knowing the local language
Nonverbal: know the cultural background

11. What are the stages of cross-cultural communication?

stages of adjustment
stages of acculturation
stages of communication strategy: consolidation, integration, and
implementation

Then they watched, listened, remembered, and ask what it means, selanjunya
understood and practiced

12. What is the impact if the cross-cultural communication fails?

Communication between cultures is important to connect the individual

sector in certain regions of different cultural backgrounds. Because of differences in
cultural background could lead to misunderstandings between individuals when they
communicate with each other, because, as we know that either verbal or non-verbal
language of a particular individual in a different area.
While our own as social beings who can not live without interacting with
other people, what would happen if we can not equate interpersonal understanding
each other personally, and more than that, each country is definitely going to
interact with other countries and therefore there the mass media and Internet sites
can connect the country to other countries to get to know each other is doing, and
therefore it is important for us to study intercultural communication that we know
and understand how we interact with people who different cultural background with
us. So that we can interact effectively.

Lack of understanding cultural differences that affect communication practices

Unable to communicate between people of different cultures
Cant identify the difficulties that arise in communication
communication problems caused by cultural differences can not be resolved
reduced ability to communicate effectively
 Reference

http://skpm.fema.ipb.ac.id

http://azmia08.student.ipb.ac.id

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/komunikasisosial

http://student-research.umm.ac.id/index.php/dept_of_communication_science/article/view/6767

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_antarbudaya

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racialism

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/racialism

repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/.../24729/.../Chapter%20II.pdf