INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

STUDY OF POWER DISTRIBUTION IN BHEL,RC-PURAM

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the award of

Degree of Bachelor of Technology

In
Electrical & Electronics Engineering

NSubmitted By

B.Dileep Kumar
3210514111

SUBMITTED TO:
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
SCHOOL OF TECHNNOLOGY, GITAM UNIVERSITY
BENGALURU - 561 203.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Industrial Training Report entitled "Study of power Distribution in
BHEL RC-Puram" is an authentic record of my own work as requirements of Industrial Training
during the period from 9/5/2017 to 7/6/2017 for the award of degree of B.Tech. in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering at School of Technology, GITAM University, Bengaluru.

(B.Dileep Kumar)

(3210514111)

Date: ____________________

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
(16 Times New Roman, bold)

The Student is free to acknowledge all those he feels he should acknowledge on the basis of the
guidance and help provided during industrial training. It is customary to acknowledge the
University Management / respective School Dean for giving the candidate an opportunity to
carry out his /her studies at the University.

Reg. No. 3210514111

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 ABSTRACT
(16 Times New Roman, bold)

It is the condensed version of the report, useful for documentation purpose. It should contain aim
of the work, methods used, important results obtained and major conclusions. The write up
should be self contained and list of references need not be there. The abstract should occupy
maximum one page in A-4 size, typed in one-and-half space. The bottom line should contain key
words which could be used for documentation.

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 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
LIST OF TABLES (if any) page No
LIST OF FIGURES (if any) page no
NOMENCLATURE page no

CHAPTER 1 HEADING Page No's

1.1 Subheading 1
1.2 Subheading page no
1.3
1.3.1 Subheading
1.3.2
1.4
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.2.1
1.6

CHAPTER 2 HEADING
2.1 subheading page no

CHAPTER 3 HEADING
3.1 subheading page no

And so on

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Heading Page no

Table 1.2 Heading Page no
Table 2.1 Heading
Table 2.2 Heading

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Heading Page no

Figure 1.2 Heading Page no
Figure 2.1 Heading
Figure 2.2 Heading

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 NOMENCLATURE

Symbol heading

Diesel Power plant:

Diesel engine is the prime mover, which drives an alternator to produce
electrical
energy. In the diesel engine, air is drawn into the cylinder and is
compressed to a
high ratio (14:1 to 25:1). During this compression, the air is heated to a
temperature
of 700900C. A metered quantity of diesel fuel is then injected into the
cylinder,
which ignites spontaneously because of the high temperature. Hence, the
diesel
engine is also known as compression ignition (CI) engine.
A typical oil engine has:
1. Cylinder in which fuel and air are admitted and combustion occurs.
2. Piston, which receives high pressure of expanding hot products of
combustion and
the piston, is forced to linear motion.
3. Connecting rod, crankshaft linkage to convert reciprocating motion
into rotary
motion of shaft.
4. Connected Load, mechanical drive or electrical generator.

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5. Suitable valves (ports) for control of flow of fuel, air, exhaust gases,
fuel injection,
and ignition systems.
6. Lubricating system, cooling system
In an engine-generator set, the generator shaft is coupled to the Engine
shaft.
The main differences between the gasoline engine and the diesel engine
are:
A gasoline engine intakes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it and
ignites the
mixture with
a spark. A diesel engine takes in just air, compresses it and then injects
fuel into the
compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel
spontaneously.
A gasoline engine compresses at a ratio of 8:1 to 12:1, while a diesel
engine
compresses at a ratio of 14:1 to as high as 25:1. The higher compression
ratio of the
diesel engine leads to better efficiency.
Gasoline engines generally use either carburetion, in which the air and
fuel is
mixed long before the air enters the cylinder, or port fuel injection, in
which the fuel is

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injected just prior to the intake stroke (outside the cylinder). Diesel
engines use direct
fuel injection to the diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder.
DG set can be classified according to cycle type as: two strokes and four
stroke.
However, the bulk of IC engines use the four stroke cycle. Let us look at
the principle
of operation of the four-stroke diesel engine
Four Stroke - Diesel Engine
The 4 stroke operations in a diesel engine are: induction stroke,
compression stroke,
ignition and power stroke and exhaust stroke.
1st : Induction stroke - while the inlet valve is open, the descending
piston draws in
fresh air.
2nd : Compression stroke - while the valves are closed, the air is
compressed to a
pressure of up to 25 bar.
6|Page
3rd : Ignition and power stroke - fuel is injected, while the valves are
closed (fuel
injection actually starts at the end of the previous stroke), the fuel ignites
spontaneously and the piston is forced downwards by the combustion
gases.

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4th : Exhaust stroke - the exhaust valve is open and the rising piston
discharges the
spent gases from the cylinder.
Figure
Since power is developed during only one stroke, the single cylinder
four-stroke
engine has a low degree of uniformity. Smoother running is obtained
with multi
cylinder engines because the cranks are staggered in relation to one
another on the
crankshaft. There are many variations of engine configuration.
INTRODUCTION
World Economic growth is driven by energy, whether in the
form of finite resources such as coal, oil and gas or in
renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar and
biomass or its converted form. This energy generation and
consumption strengthens the nations industries, vehicles,
homes and offices. It also has significant impact on the
quality of the countrys air, water, land and forest resources.
For future growth to be both rapid and sustainable, it needs to
be as resource efficient and environmentally benign as
possible.
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY & IMPORTANCE
OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

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The growth in installed power generating capacity has not
kept pace with the projected demand. To solve this problem,
it is necessary to set up more power plants and most of these
power plants will be either fossil fuel based or hydro electric
units. However, the conventional power stations cause
enormous damage to be environment due to pollution and
other side effects.
Renewable energy sources energy source are wonderful
options because they are limitless. These will not be
exhausted though fossil fuel will be gradually exhausted in
course of time. Also another great benefit from using
renewable energy is that most of these sources do not pollute
the environment; the way burning of fossil fuels dose.
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Large multi-megawatt PV plants, approximately to 50 MW,
are now in operation in the world.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is known to be an important energy
source for developing countries like India. Its importance is
now being reaffirmed even by developed countries in view of
its renewable and environment friendly character. In our
country also, optimum utilization of solar energy could not
only lead to savings in conventional energy but also result in
many indirect benefits. In India 2MW solar PV now are
commercially operated by independent power producer. But
till now solar technology is expensive compared to other

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technology and significant financial assistance from
government is needed to the developers and operators of new
plants.
In view of this, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
Sources has been promoting electricity generation from Solar
PV in Mega-Watt level. These projects are covered under the
Grid Interactive Solar PV Power Generation Projects of
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources, Govt. of
India. The Ministry initiated the programme to establish as a
viable and environment friendly electricity generation option.

BENEFITS OF GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PV

POWER PLANT:-
(a) Power from the sun is
clean, silent, limitless and
free
(b) Photovoltaic process
releases no CO2, SO2 or NO2
gases which are normally
associated with burning finite
fossil fuel reserves and dont
contribute to global warming.
Photovoltaics are now a
proven technology which is
inherently safe as opposed to

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 other fossil fuel based
electricity generating
technologies.
(d) No fuel is required for
generation, so fuel cost of
power generation is zero.
(e) Solar power shall
augment the needs of peak
power needs
(f) Increase the grid
reliability i.e., voltage and
frequency
(g) Solar Powered Grid
Connect Plants can act as tail
end energizers, which in turn
reduces the transmission and
distribution losses.
(h) Provides a potential
revenue source in a diverse
energy portfolio
(i) Assists in meeting
renewable portfolio standards
goals
(j) Generation of electricity
from Solar PV is totally free

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 of Green House Gas
emission.

BASIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:-

Solar Photovoltaic power generator consists of solar
modules in series and parallel connections, these convert
solar radiations into DC electrical power at the pre-
determined range of Voltages whenever sufficient solar
radiation is available. The individual crystalline solar cells
are connected together in a module (in series connection),
which are hermetically sealed to survive in rugged
weather conditions and ensures optimum performance
during its ling life In order to achieve a higher system
voltage, modules are installed in a row arrangement,
called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage
of lesser installation work, higher efficiency of the entire
plant and usage of smaller cross section cables. Calculated
no. of strings is connected in parallel by cables in Junction
Boxes. These junction boxes not only act as a junction
point but also monitor each string output which will be
fed to the central monitoring and analysis system. Outputs
from many such junction boxes are connected in parallel
in the Main Combiner Box (MCB). This Main Combiner

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Box output is fed to the central inverters/Power Control
Unit (PCU) to invert solar generated DC power in to
conventional 3 phase AC power. Central inverter or PCU
operate on MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) mode
to ensure maximum output from the solar generators at
different ambient conditions. Central inverters use higher
system voltages to reach very high plant efficiency.
Furthermore, installations can be expanded with additions
of more modules without problems. AC power from
inverters will be fed to LV panel which in turn will be
stepped up through transformer. Power at 11kv/22Kv will
be transmitted by overhead transmission line to grid.

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