Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
mPOS 101
What merchants need to know about
mobile point-of-sale technology
For large retailers, mPOS provides a way to improve customer service for Robin Arnfield has been a technology
example, through line busting and to respond to showrooming. An associ- journalist since 1983. His work has
ate with an mPOS device can engage a customer in conversation and show been published in ATM Marketplace,
them the features of a product using their device, and then take the order and Mobile Payments Today, ATM & Debit
capture the payment, Aite Group senior analyst Thad Peterson said. News, ISO & Agent, CardLine, Bank
Technology News, Cards International
This report provides guidance to micro-, small, medium-sized and large and Electronic Payments International.
merchants on the options available in the mPOS market, including over- He has covered the United Kingdom,
views of the leading vendors. It also reviews key issues that merchants European, North American and Latin
need to be aware of, such as security and EMV compliance. American payments markets.
Security
Any merchant deploying mPOS technology needs to be aware of the re-
sponsibility to ensure the security of customers transactions.
Mobile devices face many of the same threats PCs do, including malicious
apps, viruses and other types of malware. Because of Androids open-platform
approach, Android-based devices are particularly vulnerable to malware.
PCI
Like all merchants accepting payment cards, merchants using mPOS card
readers must adhere to the Payment Card Industry Security Standards
Councils (PCI SSC) data security standards, the most important of which is
the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).
The PCI SSC is an open forum responsible for developing and managing
the PCI DSS and related payment card data security standards. Merchants,
processors, card issuers and technology vendors are required to comply
with those standards.
Entities that are noncompliant with PCI DSS or that suffer breaches face
substantial fines from the card schemes as well as potential liability for the
cost of fraud. When a mobile device is
When a mobile device is transformed into a POS terminal for a merchant
transformed into a POS
to accept card account data, there is a responsibility to protect that informa- terminal for a merchant to
tion, the PCI SSC says. Thus PCI standards begin to apply when a mobile accept card account data,
device is used for payment card acceptance.
there is a responsibility to
In August 2014, the PCI SSC updated two guidance documents it originally
issued in February 2013: PCI Mobile Payment Acceptance Security Guide-
protect that information.
lines for Merchants as End-Users and Accepting Mobile Payments with a PCI Security Standards Council
Smartphone or Tablet.
In its guidance, the PCI SSC warns that, as merchants mobile devices arent
used only as POS tools but also to carry out other functions, they introduce
new security risks. By design, almost any mobile application could access
account data stored in or passing through the mobile device, it says.
According to the Mobile Payments Today report Mobile Banking and Pay-
ments Security, merchants should regularly check that their mPOS devices
havent been physically tampered with for example, by the insertion of a
card skimmer. The report also recommends that small merchants such as
coffee shops that use mPOS technology should ensure the Wi-Fi connection
they use for their mPOS device is separate from the Wi-Fi network they pro-
vide for customers to use in the store. The mPOS Wi-Fi connection should be
on a secure network that is segmented from a public Wi-Fi network.
Encryption
When selecting an mPOS card reader, merchants should avoid any reader
that just converts the magnetic-stripe data on the customers card into an
audio signal that is transmitted in unencrypted form via the merchants smart-
phone. This is a bad security practice, as there could be malware on the
smartphone that would intercept the card data.
The PCI SSC guidelines state that the best option for merchants using
mPOS is to use a PCI-validated and approved point-to-point encryption (PCI
P2PE) solution.
The PCI SSCs PCI P2PE standard provides a specification for the use of
strong encryption to achieve point-to-point encryption, where clear-text card
data is removed from the payments environment. This is accomplished
by encrypting data from the point of interaction (where cards are swiped/
dipped) until the data reaches the P2PE solution providers secure decryp-
tion environment.
With P2PE, the card number is encrypted in the card reader with a key that
isnt known to the merchant and that can be decrypted only by the processor
or the issuer.
EMV
From October 1, 2015, U.S. merchants who havent upgraded their POS ter-
minals to accept EMV (Europay, MasterCard and Visa) chip card payments
will become liable for fraudulent misuse of EMV cards occurring on their
terminals, under a liability shift imposed by MasterCard, Visa and the other
card networks.
EMV cards are ubiquitous across Europe and will become widely adopted in
the U.S. due to the October 1 liability shift.
Any U.S. mPOS provider which doesnt already offer EMV capability or
doesnt plan to offer EMV in the next six months should be of concern to
merchants, Aite Groups Peterson said. The big mPOS providers such as
Verifone and Ingenico already support EMV, and Square will launch an EMV
card reader in spring 2015.
One consequence of the U.S. move to EMV will be that mPOS vendors such
as Square that have been giving their magnetic-stripe card readers away for
free will have to charge for EMV card readers, Nick Holland, a Javelin Strat-
egy analyst, told USA Today.
And those readers are not cheap. European mPOS vendors charge 30
($46) to 100 ($153) per EMV device, said Phil Sealy, a senior analyst at
U.K.-based ABI Research.
Any U.S. mPOS provider
NFC and Bluetooth low energy which doesnt already offer
Near-field communications (NFC) is a radio frequency identification (RFID) EMV capability or doesnt
based communications technology enabling POS terminals to accept pay-
ments from contactless cards and from NFC-enabled smartphones contain-
plan to offer EMV in the
ing mobile wallets such as Google Wallet and Apple Pay. next six months should be
When opting to pay from a mobile wallet, the customer selects the card of concern to merchants.
stored in the mobile wallet that he or she wishes to use then taps the smart- Aite Group senior analyst Thad Peterson
phone on the merchants contactless card reader to make a payment.
According to ABI Research, the global installed base of mPOS devices will
increase fivefold between 2014 and 2019 to 51 million, or 46 percent of the
overall POS terminal market.
The Apple iPhones launch in 2007 opened the door for third-party develop-
ers to create mobile apps and external hardware for micro-merchants to
accept cards at farmers markets and similar venues.
Square helped spur the mPOS industry when it introduced its smartphone
app and dongle in 2009. Squares rapid ascension spurred intense invest-
ment and increased competition in this new space, said Michelle Evans,
senior analyst for consumer finance at Euromonitor International.
Once the mPOS market began to expand, the traditional POS terminal
manufacturers such as Ingenico and Verifone launched their own mPOS sys-
tems. The market also has seen companies such as ShopKeep and NCRs
NCR Silver subsidiary providing tablet-based alternatives to traditional bulky
POS systems.
Square has been the
Transformation
poster child for the
According to the 451 Research (formerly Yankee Group) report Revolution-
izing Retail With mPoS,mPOS is transforming the retailindustryin a way dongle revolution.
few technologies have done before.Retailers which have eschewed cum- Michelle Evans, senior analyst for consumer
bersome cash wraps in favor of a mobilized checkout are already reaping finance, Euromonitor International
A cash wrap is a counter, typically about 15 square feet, that contains a POS
terminal, scanning equipment and space for bagging purchases.
And Schulze said merchants are telling Clover Network that its Clover Mobile
POS solution is transforming their businesses.
It enables staff to walk around and take orders and payments, he said. A
lot of QSR restaurants are using Clover Mobile to take orders from people
waiting in line, as people leave if the line is too long.
Service-oriented businesses
According to the 451 Research report Exploring the Enterprise mPoS Op-
portunity, mPOS is seeing adoption among regional, service-oriented busi-
nesses such as HVAC and maid services.
E-tailers
A recent trend has seen large and small e-tailers enter the physical retail-
ing space, either by opening permanent brick-and-mortar stores or pop-up
shops. MPOS technology provides a low-cost and flexible way to do so.
MPOS also solves e-tailers challenge of how to make the in-store consumer
experience smooth, fun and effective, without deploying too much infrastruc-
ture, Eric Hoffman, senior vice president at Ingenico Mobile Solutions, wrote
in the Mobile Payments Today report Mobile Payments State of the Industry
2015 - Omnibus Edition.
Cloud-based systems
Increasingly, mPOS vendors offer apps that run in the cloud.
The POS industry is moving to software being available in the cloud, Zilvi-
nas Bareisis, a senior analyst with U.S.-based Celent, told Mobile Payments
Today. POS software is becoming less proprietary, which means a wide
range of developers can write apps for a vendors POS devices.
The cloud represents a big shift in retail, Clover Networks Schulze said.
We have a Boston-based client who rang us from France to say this was
her first holiday in 10 years, as previously she hadnt been able to leave her
business. Now she could log in to the cloud from her hotel and check up on
her business.
Consolidation
Because of the large number of mPOS vendors, market consolidation is like-
ly. There are around 70 vendors and they cant all survive, ABI Researchs
Ancillary services
While mPOS players may offer differing fee structures to appeal to various
merchant categories, the additional services these companies can offer be-
yond card acceptance have become more fundamental to their differentiation
than any fee structure, Euromonitors Evans said.
Besides enabling small businesses to accept card payments for the first
time, mPOS terminals may offer loyalty programs, improve security around
the payment transaction or provide merchants with enhanced consumer
analytics, Evans said. These tools enable small merchants to compete with
their bigger competitors.
In 2014, the mPOS market became more about ancillary services than
dongles and iPad stands, Mobile Payments Today Editor Will Hernandez
wrote in a review of 2014.
only payments products but also loyalty solutions, accounting products and
business development and management solutions.
Amazon
In August 2014, Amazon launched Amazon Local Register, a mobile card
reader similar to offerings from Square and PayPal.
Amazon charges merchants 2.5 percent per swiped card transaction, which
is lower than Squares 2.75 percent. In addition, Amazon charges 2.75 per-
cent per keyed-in card transaction.
Amazon Local Register offers apps for iOS- and Android-based devices. The
card readeralso works with Amazons Fire OS devices, including its Fire
smartphone. Amazon says Kindle Fire HDX owners can use the tablets May-
day button to contact an Amazon Tech advisor for free at any time.
451 Researchs McKee told Mobile Payments Today that Amazons customer
support differentiates the company from its competitors. That is a fairly sig-
nificant component of the overall value proposition, he said.
Amazon charges $10 for its card reader with free two-day shipping, but mer-
chants receive a $10 credit to cover the initial purchase. Merchants receive
funds from transactions within one business day and have the option of
spending them within minutes on amazon.com.
Amazon offers accessories such as cash drawers, receipt printers and semi-
permanent stands and mounts for mobile devices.
AnywhereCommerce
AnywhereCommerce offers a range of mPOS solutions including hardware,
software and a hosted payments-processing gateway that routes merchants
to their acquirer through a wireless connection.
First Data
In January 2014, U.S. payments processor First Data announced Clover Sta-
tion, an Android tablet-based countertop POS system that includes a touch-
screen, card reader, cash drawer and receipt printer, and accepts credit and
debit cards, cash, checks, EMV, NFC and mobile wallets such as Apple Pay.
Clover Station features a customer-facing EMV card reader that plugs into
the tablets USB port.
First Data developed Clover Station following its purchase of mobile pay-
ments firm Clover Network and mobile loyalty provider Perka.
Merchants download apps for Clover Station from the Clover App Market,
which includes First Datas Insightics customer data solution, its Perka loyalty
app and Gyft prepaid solution, as well as apps for vertical markets from third-
party developers.
All the apps available on the Clover App Market are tested by First Data for
security. Merchants can download their devices apps only from the Clover
App Market, to prevent malware infecting their tablets.
We have a simple user interface, Schulze said. One merchant told us hes
nostalgic about the cash register he had before installing Clover Station. But
he said he doesnt want to go back to a traditional cash register, as training
his temporary summer staff in using it took a lot of time. It doesnt take any
time at all to train his staff to use Clover Station, he told us.
First Data says Clover Mobile enables more personal consumer engagement
for small to mid-sized businesses by taking the functionality of the companys
Clover Station off the counter and onto the sales floor. Armed with Clover
Mobile, merchants can place orders, take secure payments, scan inventory,
clock in employees, sync sales data with their accounting packages and
generate marketing insights, the company says.
Clover Station and Clover Mobile use point-to-point encryption through First
Datas TransArmor security service, says Schulze. As soon as a card is
swiped, the transaction data is encrypted and passed direct to First Data.
Clover Station and Clover Mobile never have unencrypted data on them.
In November 2014, ROAM launched the latest version of its mPOS app,
ROAMpay X5.
The companies said that tablet POS systems designed for small businesses
typically arent able to integrate with a merchants existing terminals, forcing
merchants to use a particular processor. Smart tabletPOS is the first to en-
Intuit GoPayment
Intuits GoPayment app for iOS- and Android-based devices has two
pricing plans.
The pay-as-you-go option has no monthly fees, but merchants pay 2.4
percent per swiped transaction and 3.4 percent per keyed transaction, plus
a 25-cent transaction fee. Alternatively, merchants pay $19.95 a month plus
1.75 percent per swiped transaction, 3.15 percent per keyed transaction
and a 25-cent transaction fee.
GoPayment, which offers a free card reader, doesnt work with Windows-
based devices.
In November 2014, Intuit and Revel Systems (see page 23) announced
QuickBooks Point of Sale powered by Revel Systems, an iPad POS solu-
tion that works within the QuickBooks ecosystem. The solution uses the
iZettle
Swedens iZettle offers its EMV-compliant mPOS card reader and app in
Europe, Brazil and Mexico. Its marketing partner is Spains Banco Santand-
er, which invested 5 million ($6.7 million)in iZettle in June 2013.
IZettle still offers its EMV-based Card Reader Pro, which has a built-in dis-
play and connects to tablets and smartphones wirelessly.
In January 2015, iZettle released its iZettle 4.0 app for iPhone and iPad and
said it is working on a new version of its Android app. IZettle 4.0 allows us-
ers to add custom discounts in the product library, discount individual items
in a purchase and add a note to items in the cart.
Leaf
Leaf offers the 7-inch Android-based LeafPresenter mPOS tablet, which
costs $250, with POS software costing $50 per month, plus $25 per month
for software per additional tablet. In addition to payments, Leafs software
tracks sales, inventory and employee data.
The Leaf Essentials hardware bundle, which costs $674 plus $50 per month,
consists of a LeafPresenter tablet, software, a base station, a printer and a
cash drawer.
MagTek
Since 1972, Seal Beach, California-based MagTek has manufactured elec-
tronic devices and systems for the reliable issuance, reading, transmission
and security of cards, checks, PINs and other identification documents. Its
products include secure card reader authenticators, check scanners, PIN
pads and distributed credential-issuing systems.
MagTeks devices and services are secured using its MagneSafe Se-
curity Architecture technology. By leveraging strong encryption, secure
tokenization, real-time authentication and dynamic transaction data,
MagneSafe-based products enable users to assess and validate the
trustworthiness of credentials used for online identification, payment pro-
cessing and other electronic transactions.
QwickPAY Pro extends the value of the QwickPAY product line by targeting
merchants wanting a larger, tablet-sized user interface while continuing to
leverage the protection offered by the MagneSafe Security Architecture,
says Mimi Hart, MagTeks president and CEO.By combining the app, the
card reader and card processing services, resellers like Payment Alliance In-
ternational have the opportunity to resell the entire QwickPAY platform help-
ing merchants to prevent fraud and simplify their PCI audit requirements.
Other MagTek products include the IPAD PIN transaction device, a multi-
function handheld POS terminal with keypad input, graphics display output on
a 128x64 pixel screen, and magnetic-stripe card reading capability, and the
DynaPro PIN-entry device and magnetic-stripe/EMV/contactless card reader.
and mobile ordering in one platform. MagTek equips NorthStar Order Entry
with its encryption, tokenization and card authentication technology plus
Bluetooth connectivity.
NCR Silver
NCR Silver is a scalable, cloud-based mPOS system from NCR that con-
nects to a merchants back-office software. This gives NCR the ability to sell
its solution to larger merchants who might be reluctant to buy a product from
a smaller, less established mPOS player.
Versions of NCR Silver are available for multiple business types, including
food trucks, retail stores, service providers and cafs.
The iPhone- and iPad-based NCR Silver mPOS system accepts Apple Pay,
bitcoin, LevelUp and PayPal as well as magnetic-stripe cards. NCR Silver will
offer EMV acceptance during 2015, NCR says.
Merchants using NCR Silver can activate the LevelUp application as a pay-
ment option in their POS systems. Once that is activated, customers can
scan unique QR codes generated by the LevelUp app during checkout.
For $499, merchants receive a NCR Swivel Stand for iPad, a card reader, a
cash drawer and a countertop receipt printer.
The basic NCR Silver software costs $59 per month, with $0.10 charged
per transaction for each additional device up to $29 a month. The software
offers the ability to ring up sales from anywhere; inventory, pricing and profit
management; consolidated real-time reporting; built-in loyalty and marketing
tools; live support 24/7; and QuickBooks integration.
In addition, NCR offers the NCR Silver Pro Restaurant Edition software,
which costs $129 per month, and the $299 Silver Care Plus mPOS
setup service.
Since October 2014, NCR Silver has offered merchants with an iPhone 6 or
iPhone 6 Plus remote-payment and order-ahead capabilities using the Silver
Sidewalk app, which works with Apple Pay.
Payleven
Germanys Payleven offers its mPOS technology in Europe and Brazil.
In the U.K. and the Netherlands, Payleven offers its clients a flexible pricing Payleven U.K.fee structure:
model, which means that the more they process, the less they pay. Over 7,500 ($3,862) - 1.5 percent
In Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium and Poland,Payleven 5,000-7,500 - 1.75 percent
has a fixed-fee structure of 0.95 percent per debit-card transaction and 2,500-5,000 - 2.25 percent
2.75 percent per credit-card transaction. In Brazil, Payleven charges 2.69 Under 2,500 - 2.75 percent
percent per debit-card transaction and 3.39 percent to 4.39 percent per Fixed 2.75 percent fee for American Express.
credit-card transaction.
PayPal charges 2.7 percent per U.S. card swipe transaction and 3.7 per-
cent per swipe transaction involving non-U.S. cards. Keying in a U.S. card
number costs 3.5 percent plus 15 cents. Merchants receive payments from
customers cards into their PayPal accounts.
PayPal Here provides a daily summary sales report. Users can attach a
wireless printer linked to a cash drawer to create a full POS system. In ad-
dition, iPad users can attach a barcode scanner.
Poynt
In October 2014, Poynt, a U.S.-based startup headed byformer Google
Wallet executive Osama Bedier, announced its Android-based Poynt Smart
Terminal, which enables merchants to accept multiple payment types, such
as chip cards and mobile payments.
Poynt says its terminal is designed to meet the highest PCI and EMV
requirements as well as to connect to any processor. It features a dual-
touchscreen design combining a 7-inch merchant-facing screen, a 4.3-inch
customer-facing screen, a printer, a barcode scanner and wireless connec-
tivity in a single package.
The Poynt Smart Terminal, which will be available in early 2015, will be dis-
tributed in the U.S. by major U.S. acquirers Chase Paymentech and Vantiv
as well as by Creditcall, EVO Payments International and POS Portal. The
terminal features a combination magnetic-stripe and EMV card reader,
along with an NFC antenna, a camera to capture QR codes and barcodes
and a Bluetooth antenna for BLE functions.
Poynts business model is based on the software for the device, which
costs $299 when preordered directly from the company. Mobile Payments
Today says Poynt will take a percentage of the software that is used with
the device.
Revel Systems
San Francisco-based Revel Systems provides a scalable iPad-based
mPOS system for retailers, grocery stores and restaurants: the Revel iPad
POS. Its cloud-based software offers front-end order entry and a cash reg-
ister, plus back-end personnel scheduling, time clock and payroll, inventory
management, product/menu management and advanced business perfor-
mance reporting. Customers can download approved third-party apps from
the Revel Marketplace and integrate with Intuits QuickBooks Point of Sale.
Revel offers implementations of its system for specific vertical markets such
as QSRs, coffee shops, food trucks and self-service kiosks. Its full-service
restaurant system, for example, offers tableside ordering by using iPad Minis.
In October 2014, Revel rolled out its iPad POS system at more than 700
Smoothie King locations in the U.S. Other clients include Dairy Queen,
Goodwill and Pizza Patron.
ShopKeep
ShopKeep provides iPad-based mPOS hardware and cloud-based soft-
ware for small businesses. Its ShopKeep Register POS software enables
merchants to manage their inventory and employees and track customer
purchases and behavior.
In December 2014, ShopKeep released its Apple Payand EMV chip card
reader. The reader, which is manufactured by Ingenico, allows merchants
to accept Apple Pay NFC payments along with magnetic-stripe cards and,
once its EMV functionality has been activated, chip cards.
ShopKeep offers three versions of its solution: ShopKeep for Quick Service,
ShopKeep for Retail and ShopKeep for Restaurants.
ShopKeeps Hardware Starter Kit for Restaurants and Bars and its Hard-
ware Starter Kit for Quick Service Restaurants both cost $917, while its
Hardware Starter Kit for Retail Shops costs $919. The kits include a receipt
printer, a cash drawer and a free chip card reader.
Merchants pay $49 per month per ShopKeep Register app. However, the
company doesnt require a long-term contract, and merchants are free to
choose their own processor.
Square
Square offers the free Square Reader magnetic-stripe card reader and free
Square Register app that support iPhones, iPads and Android-based smart-
phones and tablets.
Square also offers the free Square Inventory and Square Analytics apps
and Square Invoices, which charges 2.75 percent per invoice when cus-
tomers pay with credit or debit cards.
In May 2013, Square launched Square Stand, which turns an iPad into a
countertop POS system and connects to hardware accessories such as a
Source: Square
receipt printer, kitchen printer, cash drawer and barcode scanner. Square
Stand, which costs $99 in the U.S., includes an integrated magnetic-stripe
card reader. The device has a rotatable base, enabling it to be swiveled
around to face a customer.
U.S. merchants can preorder Squares mobile EMV card reader, which will
ship in spring 2015, on its website for $29.
The Chip Card Accessory for Square Stand, the EMV-compliant upgrade
for Squares countertop POS system, will ship in spring 2015 and can be
preordered online for $39. The accessory will connect via USB.
Verifone
Verifones PAYware Mobile suite of products includes:
PAYware Mobile e100, which plugs into a smartphones audio jack and
enables merchants to accept credit and signature-based debit cards;
PAYware Mobile e255, which features a PIN pad and an EMV card
reader along with NFC-enabled functionality.
In January 2015, Verifone announced the PAYware Mobile e355 mPOS ter-
minal, which is intended tofree merchants from smartphone/tablet technol-
ogy upgrade cycles and supports Android, iOS and Windows.
Verifone says PAYware Mobile e355 can accommodate different form fac-
tors and will outlive smartphone and tablet models. That ability enables
merchants to make long-term investments in mPOS at a much lower cost of
ownership, it says.
Available in summer 2015, PAYware Mobile e355 accepts all payment types,
including EMV, NFC, Apple Pay, and magnetic-stripe cards; features an op-
tional barcode scanner; andsupports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and USB connectivity.
For micro-merchants, mPOS is about the cost of the card reader and the
payments app, and theyre not that interested in value-added features, Aite
Groups Peterson said. Micro-merchants dont want to get tied into long-term
contracts with traditional acquirers, but they need to appreciate the process-
ing fees they pay their mPOS provider are typically twice what they would
pay traditional acquirers. However, many micro-merchants see taking card
payments as incremental transactions they wouldnt have got if they didnt
have a card reader.
Its important you choose a solution that can handle alternative forms of
payment that the consumer wants, including NFC, EMV, mobile wallets, and
whatever comes next, Ingenico Mobile Solutions Holt wrote in a Mobile Pay-
ments Today article. Talk roadmap with your vendor to make sure they can
handle your needs not just today but two years from now.
Customer experience
In todays competitive retail environment, merchants are striving to provide
the best customer experience.
Many merchants believe the aesthetics of the mobile devices used for
mPOS fall in line with the cool customer experience they want to create
in their stores.
A lot of times, tablet tech blends in with their image, Diliberti said. That
is why iPads with their sexy look have seen increasing adoption by mer-
chants, he said.
Along with their mPOS rollout, retailers and foodservice providers should
consider offering consumers mobile shopping/ordering and loyalty/rewards
apps for use on their own smartphones and tablets.
Omnichannel
Providing an omnichannel customer experience has become a major issue
in modern retailing.
Retailers deploying mPOS solutions need to consider how to tie those solu-
tions in with their existing POS infrastructure. Otherwise, its impossible
to provide a true omnichannel experience, Holt wrote. When a retailers
omnichannel strategy delivers a unified and integrated experience, both the
merchant and consumer reap the benefits.
If the stores mPOS solution is integrated with its terminals and back-end
systems that hold the customers order history across all channels, then an
associate will be able to use a tablet to see the customers order informa-
tion and preferences and assist with the exchange.
In the article, Holt says key capabilities merchants should look for when
deploying mPOS solutions within an omnichannel retailing program include:
Flexibility.There are several facets to this. The first is the ability to choose
your own credit card processor, since many merchants already have a
processor relationship in place. Another is the ability to customize software
Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) documents page
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/security_standards/documents.php