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Transformations in the
Coordinate Plane
BEFORE Now WHY?

You identified translations, Youll graph transformations So you can describe movement
reflections, and rotations. in a coordinate plane. in a cartoon, as in Ex. 17.

In the Real World

Word Watch Computer Graphics Computer

Review Words and video game programmers use y
transformations to create patterns 6
coordinate plane, p. 293 5
transformation, p. 511 and animations. How can you use
4
image, p. 511 coordinates to describe the
3
translation, p. 511 transformation shown? 2
reflection, p. 511
1
rotation, p. 511 The transformation is a translation.
You can use coordinate notation O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
to describe a translation. An arrow
is used in coordinate notation to
signify goes to.

Coordinates of Coordinates
original point of image

(x, y) (x
a, y
b)

The number a tells how many units The number b tells how many units
to shift the figure to the left or right. to shift the figure up or down.

EXAMPLE 1 Describing a Translation

You can use coordinate notation to describe the translation shown

above. Each point on the original figure is moved 4 units to the left
and 3 units down.

ANSWER In coordinate notation you write this translation as:

(x, y) (x
(4), y
(3)) or (x, y) (x  4, y  3)

Your turn now Describe the translation using coordinate notation.

1. A figure is moved 5 units to the right and 4 units up.
2. A figure is moved 7 units to the left and 2 units up.

518 Chapter 10 Geometric Figures

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EXAMPLE 2 Translating a Figure

with Reading
Each point on an image is
labeled with a prime. The
notation J is read J prime.
Draw quadrilateral JKLM with vertices J(
5, 3), K(
4, 5),
L(
3, 3), and M(
4, 1). Then find the coordinates of
the vertices of the image after the translation
(x, y) (x  6, y
2), and draw the image.
For each vertex of the original figure, add 6 to the x-coordinate
and subtract 2 from the y-coordinate.
Original Image y
6
J(5, 3) J(1, 1) K 5

K(4, 5) K(2, 3) J L
4
K
3
L(3, 3) L(3, 1) 2
1
J L
M(4, 1) M(2, 1) M
6 5 4 3 2 O 1 3 4 x
Each point on the original M
figure is translated 6 units 2
to the right and 2 units down.
The graph shows both figures.

Your turn now Complete the following exercise.

3. Draw TABC with vertices A(4, 0), B(0, 4), and C(0, 0). Then
find the coordinates of the vertices of the image after the
translation (x, y) (x
4, y
6), and draw the image.

Reflections You can also use coordinate notation to describe

reflections.

y y
3 3
W(3, 2) E(3, 2) E(3, 2)
2 2
X(2, 1)
1 1

5 4 3 2 O 1 2 3 x 5 4 3 O 1 3 x

2 X(2, 1)
W(3, 2) F(1, 2) F(1, 2)
3 3

Reflection in the x-axis: Reflection in the y-axis:

Multiply y-coordinate by 1. Multiply x-coordinate by 1.
(x, y) (x, 1 p y) or (x, y) (1 p x, y) or
(x, y) (x, y) (x, y) (x, y)

Lesson 10.8 Transformations in the Coordinate Plane 519

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EXAMPLE 3 Reflecting a Figure

Draw parallelogram ABCD with vertices A(
3, 3), B(2, 3), C(4, 1),
and D(
1, 1). Then find the coordinates of the vertices of the
image after a reflection in the x-axis, and draw the image.
For each vertex of the original figure, multiply the y-coordinate by 1.
Original Image A y B
A(3, 3) A(3, 3) 2

B(2, 3) B(2, 3) D C

4 3 O 1 2 3 x
C(4, 1) C(4, 1) D C
2
D(1, 1) D(1, 1)
A B
The graph shows both figures.

INTERNET
Exercises eWorkbook Plus
CLASSZONE.COM
More Practice, p. 714

Getting Ready to Practice

1. Vocabulary Copy and complete: The figure that results from
performing a transformation on an original figure is called the _?_.

Describe the translation using coordinate notation.

2. y 3. y
M 4
B
B
3 2
L M A 1
N A
1
K L N 3 O 1 4 5 x
3 2 O 2 4 5 x C
K C

Draw T GHJ with vertices G (
4, 1), H(
2, 4), and J (0, 1). Then
find the coordinates of the vertices of the image after the specified
transformation, and draw the image.
4. (x, y) (x  4, y
4) 5. (x, y) (x
2, y  3)
6. Reflect TGHJ in the x-axis. 7. Reflect TGHJ in the y-axis.

520 Chapter 10 Geometric Figures

 Page 4 of 5

Practice and Problem Solving

with Homework Describe the transformation using coordinate notation.
Example Exercises 8. 9. y
M y M B
1 89, 17 4 5

2 1016, 18 3
B
2 C
3 1316 A 2
N N
Online Resources 4 O 1 4 x A C
CLASSZONE.COM
4 D 1 2 3 4 x
More Examples 2
eTutorial Plus 3 2
L L D

Draw the triangle with the given vertices. Then find the coordinates
of the vertices of the image after the specified translation, and draw
the image.
10. P(1, 1), Q(3, 5), R(5, 4); (x, y) (x  2, y  4)
Art
11. F(2, 3), G(3, 3), H(3, 1); (x, y) (x  3, y  6)
12. L(6, 0), M(6, 4), N(3, 4); (x, y) (x, y
5)

Draw rectangle FGHJ with vertices F(
2, 3), G(3, 3), H(3,
1), and
J (
2,
1). Then find the coordinates of the vertices of the image
after the specified transformation, and draw the image.
13. (x, y) (x
3, y
6) 14. (x, y) (x  7, y)
15. Reflect FGHJ in the x-axis. 16. Reflect FGHJ in the y-axis.

17. Motion Transformations can be used to show motion. Use coordinate

notation to describe the transformation of the drummer from one
picture to the next picture.
y y y y
3 3
2 2
1 1

Motion
Photography can show
motion by using repeated
flashes to record
overlapping images.
Capturing a drum stroke
may require 200 flashes
in 4 seconds. What is this
rate as a unit rate?
O 1 2 3 x O 1 2 3 x O 1 2 3 x O 1 2 3 x
18. Explain Draw a rectangle with vertices K(0, 0), L(3, 0), M(3, 4), and
N(0, 4). Find the length, width, and area of the rectangle. Then translate
the rectangle 2 units to the right. Find the length, width, and area of the
image. Explain your results.
19. Critical Thinking Draw one triangle with vertices (2, 1), (3, 4), and
(4, 1) and a second triangle with vertices (4, 1), (3, 4), and (2, 1).
Describe two different transformations that could move the first
triangle onto the second.

Lesson 10.8 Transformations in the Coordinate Plane 521

 Page 5 of 5

Rotations In Exercises 2023, the vertices of a triangle are given. Find

the coordinates of the vertices of the image after a rotation of 90
clockwise about the origin. The coordinate notation (x, y) (y,
x)
describes such a rotation.
20. F(0, 2), G(3, 1), H(1, 1) 21. L(2, 2), M(4, 1), N(2, 2)
22. R(3, 3), S(3, 0),T(1, 0) 23. W(0, 0), X(5, 3), Y(3, 4)

24. Critical Thinking The vertices of quadrilateral ABCD are A(3, 4),
B(2, 4), C(3, 2), and D(4, 1). After a translation, the coordinates
of A are (5, 1). Describe the translation using coordinate notation.
Then find the coordinates of B, C, and D.
25. Challenge Line segment EF has endpoints E(4, 3) and F(4, 3). Its
image after a 180 rotation has endpoints E(4, 3) and F(4, 3).
Describe a 180 rotation using coordinate notation.

Mixed Review
Solve the equation. Check your solution. (Lesson 7.5)
26. 3x
5  23 27. 8  4x  20 28. 35  3  16x
29. Choose a Strategy Use a strategy from
Problem Solving Strategies
the list to solve the following problem.
Explain your choice of strategy. Guess, Check, and Revise
Write an Equation
You paid three times as much for lunch Look for a Pattern

as you paid for a snack. Altogether, you

spent $5. How much did you pay for
the snack? for lunch?

Basic Skills Copy and complete the statement.

30. 0.53 kg  _?_ g 31. 8.9 m  _?_ cm 32. 62 mL  _?_ L

Test-Taking Practice
INTERNET 33. Extended Response Describe a y
State Test Practice 4
combination of two transformations
CLASSZONE.COM
that would move figure A to figure B.
3 A
2
Then describe a combination of two 1
transformations that would move
figure B to figure A. 4 3 2 O 1 2 3 4 x

522 Chapter 10 Geometric Figures