Presentation Spanish 20160628

Medidas de Certificacin de Redes Ethernet
Desde 10Mbps a 100Gbps
Marcos Vasconcellos
T&D product specialist
June, 2016
Agenda
Repaso Ethernet
Motivacin para 100Gbps
Fundamentos de Ethernet a 40/100G
CFP alta velocidad: conceptos bsicos, hoja de ruta e identificacin de fallas
Pruebas de campo desde 10Mbps hasta 100Gbps
2014 EXFO Inc. Todos los derechos reservados. 2

Ethernet Testing
OSI Open system interconnect
Reference Model
Application FTP, HTTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, etc
Upper Layer Presentation ISO Presentation Protocol, etc
Session DNS, NetBIOS-NS, etc
Transport TCP, UDP, SPX, etc
Network IP, BGP, OSPF, IGRP, IPX, CLNP, X.25, etc

Lower Layer
Data Link IEEE 802.3, PPP, HDLC, ATM, Frame Relay, GFP, etc
Physical SONET/SDH, RS-232, 10/100 BASE-T, T1, T3, Modems, etc
2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 4

Ethernet vs 802.3 Frame Format
Ethernet
Destination Source
Preamble Type DATA FCS
Address Address
8 6 6 2 46-1500 4
IEEE 802.3
S Destination Source 802.2
Preamble O Length DATA FCS
Address Address Header
F
7 1 6 6 2 46-1500 4
The field length are in bytes 2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 5
Ethernet Testing
Ethernet Testing Methodologies
Ethernet Multistream
RFC 2544
BER Testing
Evolution of TDM Only standardized Evolution of Ethernet

bit-error-rate
methodology! BER
measurement
Methodology provides
Non-standardized
Test methodology not throughput, frame
methodology that
really suited to frame- loss, burstability
simultaneously tests
based transmission and latency
multiple services
measurements

Bit Error Rate (BER) Testing
Taken from the SDH/SONET world.

Ideal for running long term tests over transparent type networks.
Ethernet over SDH/SONET
Ethernet over Dark fiber or DWDM
Can be used for long term type testing and can also test the transport layer
at the same time, for example testing the SDH/SONET network.
Tests can be run end-to-end or with a loop back at the far end.

BERT
Difference between Unframed, Framed Layer 1, Framed Layer 2

Unframed
Test Pattern
Framed Layer 1
Preamble Test Pattern IFG
Framed Layer 2
Destination Source
Preamble Address Address Type Test Pattern FCS IFG

Service Disruption Measurements
Taken from the SDH/SONET world.

Ideal for measuring switch times for networks carrying Ethernet traffic over
SDH/SONET.
Standard says that the switch time should be no more than 50 ms
Measurements should be done for either No Traffic or Defect mode
Defect mode : the service disruption time SDT is measured from the start of
the selected defect (eg LSS) occurrence to the end of the defect.
No Traffic mode : the SDT is measured from the start of traffic interruption to
the end of traffic interruption.

What Is RFC 2544?
Throughput Test
Finds maximum rate at Back-to-Back Test
Finds maximum number of
which no frames are lost. bytes that can be sent at full
Uses a half-doubling line rate.
algorithm.
Frame Loss Test

Finds % of frame loss at
Latency
Measures the time interval
maximum rate. for a frame to cross the
network. Latency
measurement done on a
single frame.

RFC-2544 - Throughput
Maximum transmission Rate the device/Network under test can process

without the loss of any frames
Transmit a specific number of frames
Transmit a specified rate
Compare Tx to Rx
100Base-X
100Base-X
Edge Router
Access Routers
Ethernet LAN link

RFC-2544 - Burstability (Back-to-Back)
The ability of a device under test to process bursts of back to back

frames (minimum inter-frame gap, 100% frame rate
Transmit frames at max frame rate
Transmit at various frame sizes
Determine best result
This test determines the extent and capability of data buffering
of the device under test
100Base-X
Shape at 20Mbps 100Base-X
Edge Router
Access Routers
Ethernet LAN link

RFC-2544 - Frame loss
Similar to throughput but in reverse. % of frames not forwarded by a

device under test under a constant load
Transmit a stream of frames at a selected size
Transmit a known quantity of frames
(Input count output count) divided by input count x 100
100Base-X
Edge Router
Access Routers
Ethernet LAN link

RFC-2544 - Latency
Measurement of time it takes for device under test to

process frames through
Transmit a stream of frames at a particular size
Transmit at the determined throughput rate
Measure difference between time stamps
100Base-X
Edge Router
Access Routers
Ethernet LAN link

What Is RFC 2544?
Throughput Test
Finds maximum rate at Back-to-Back Test
Finds maximum number of
which no frames are lost. bytes that can be sent at full
Uses a half-doubling line rate.
algorithm.
Frame Loss Test

Finds % of frame loss at
Latency
Measures the time interval
maximum rate. for a frame to cross the
network. Latency
measurement done on a
single frame.

Y.1564 (EtherSAM)
What is ITU-T Y.1564?
Test methodology for Ethernet services

Used for service turn-up and troubleshooting of Ethernet Commercial
Services, Ethernet Mobile Backhaul Services, Ethernet Wholesale Services
Key functionality:
Test methodology to validate the key performance indicators for Carrier
Ethernet-based services
Validates the configuration of each defined service
Validates the quality of the services as defined in the Service Level
Agreement
Widely used by Telco operators, NEMs and contractors for Ethernet
Service turn-up and troubleshooting.
EtherSAM is EXFOs implementation of ITU-T Y.1564

EXFO is the first vendor to implement Y.1564

Useful Definitions
CIR: Committed Information Rate: Average rate in bits/s of Service Frames up
to which the network delivers Service Frames and meets the
performance objectives defined by the CoS Service Attribute.
EIR: Excess Information Rate: Average rate in bits/s of Service Frames up to

which the network may deliver Service Frames but without any
performance objectives.
Traffic Color Awareness
Dropped bandwidth (everything over EIR)

EIR
Best Effort bandwidth (everything
Bandwidth
CIR between CIR and EIR)
Guaranteed bandwidth
(everything under CIR)
Time

Ethernet Service SLA Example
Best Effort Data

Performance Attribute Real Time High Priority Data
(Internet Access)
CIR (Mbps) (Green Traffic) 5 10 2.5

EIR (Mbps) (Yellow Traffic) 0 5 5
Frame Delay (ms) <5 5-15 <30
Frame Delay Variation (ms) <1 n/a n/a
Frame Loss (%) <0.001 <0.05 <0.05
VLAN 100 200 300
5 Mbps
This is what needs to be validated when the service is turned-up

Y.1564: Service Configuration Test
Phase 1: Service Configuration Test
Objective: Validate the network configuration Methodology: For each service, a ramp test is
of each defined services(rate limiting, traffic used to gradually reach and exceed the CIR. All
shaping and QoS). KPIs are measured against a threshold.
Ramp repeated for each service
CIR
+ EIR
CIR
All SLA parameters measured at each step

(FD, FDV, frame loss (OOS)), with pass/fail results
~ 1 minute per service

Y.1564: Service Performance Test
Phase 2: Service Performance Test
Objective: Validate the quality of service Methodology: All services are generated
of each defined service and prove SLA at once to their CIRs, and all KPIs are measured
conformance. for all services.
5 Mbit/s
All pass/fail results of the SLA
parameters measured throughout the
10 Mbit/s test
(i.e., throughput, frame delay, frame loss,
frame delay variation and OOS)
2.5 Mbit/s
From 30 sec, can be extended for long-term tests

RFC-2544 vs. EtherSAM
Ethernet Service SLA Example
1. Need to perform complete RFC2544 for Real Time
service (4 hours)
2. Need to perform complete RFC2544 for High
Priority Data (4 hours)
3. Need to perform
complete RFC2544 for Best
Effort Data (4 hours)
Can be verified with

RFC2544
Cannot be verified
with RFC2544

Typical Method of Operation for Site Turn-Up
CESR/NID
Carrier Ethernet
Network
Switch Site
15 min
1 min
Repeat for RFC 2544 Y.1564
each class
(EtherSAM)
30 min
of service 6 min
Y.1564 (EtherSAM)
RFC 2544 on protection path 30 min
6 min
Total 76 min
+ truck roll
Y.1564 is 7 times faster For three classes 196 min
of service 28 min
2011 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 25
Testing Topologies
Bi-directional
EtherSAM de EXFO realiza pruebas bidireccionales simultneas; emulando el trfico de
red de la vida real y descubriendo los problemas de configuracin de equipos de red
Loopback Bi-Directional
(Dual Test Set)
Resultados independientes por

Solo resultados Round-trip
sentido y por cada servicio
configurado
Slo resultados bidireccionales pueden descubrir todos los errores de
configuracin y probar los servicios asimtricos
La prueba bidireccional simultnea reduce los costos al disminuir el tiempo de
prueba en un 50%

Motivacin para 100G
Next-Generation Internet Drivers
Global IP Traffic Mobile Connections

29% CAGR 10 billion+
2011 - 2016 2016
Global Cloud Traffic Dominance of Video

66% CAGR 54% of consumer traffic
2011 - 2015 2016
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI), 2012; Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2011

100G esta ahora en las implementaciones alrededor del mundo

Crecimiento en la demanda de Aplicaciones
400% de crecimiento de Internet video

92% datos mviles incrementan anualmente Source: Cisco VNI

Crecimiento del 100G
Source: Cisco VNI

Fundamentos de Ethernet a
40G/100G

Historia de Ethernet
RATE Spec: Media:
10 Mbps 10Base-T Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Electrical

100 Mbps Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.u) Electrical/Optical/Wireless
1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z) Electrical/Optical/Wireless
10 Gbps 10 Gig Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ae) Electrical/Optical
40/100 Gbps 40 / 100 Gigabit- (IEEE 802.3ba) Optical
Originalmente diseada como una tecnologa del Mejor Esfuerzo

Principales Objetivos IEEE 802.3ba
Ethernet MAC Estndar
Lneas de transmisin de 103Gb/s
Soporta una MAC data rate de 40 Gb/s y 100Gb/s
Provee soporte apropiado para OTN
Provee un BER < 10-12 en la capa MAC
Provee especificaciones de la capa fsica las cuales soportan :
40G Ethernet 100G Ethernet

40 km over SMF 100GBASE-ER4

10 km over SMF 40GBASE-LR4 100GBASE-LR4

100 m over OM3 MMF 40GBASE-SR4 100GBASE-SR10

Ethernet 802.3ba
40GE y 100GE usan el mismo formato de trama Ethernet y reglas que antes.
La tasa de 100GE es 103.125 Gbps & 40GE es 41.25Gbps

Packetized data is converted to 64b/66b symbols
Cliente 100G PCS Lanes
PCS Lanes CAUI Lanes

Packetized
2:1 data is converted to 64b/66b symbols n
2:1
and sent over PCS lanes 64b/66b encoded
and sent over PCS lanes
2 PMD Lanes 8 Byte Blocks or Symbols

2:1
1
0
10:4 MUX & OE

2:1
Round Robin
2:1
LAN
2:1 WDM
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
(optical 15 16 17 18 19 5Gbps PCS Lanes
2:1
M M M M M M M M M M M M M Mmux)M M M M M M
4 x 25G : 4 lanes
Lane Markers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2:1
each running at 25G
2:1
2:1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Legend
PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer
100Gb/s Attachment Unit
CAUI
Interface
x10- 10Gbps CAUI Lanes

PCS Lane Skew
CAUI Lanes
Packetized data is converted to 64b/66b symbols n
and sent over PCS lanes 64b/66b encoded
2 8 Byte Symbols
1
0
Round Robin
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 PCS Lanes
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Lane 9 9
Skew Reference Skew 7
6 16
0 19
Lane 15 1 3 8 10 12 14 17
4 5 13
Skew 2 11 18
15
PCS Lane Skew mide el tiempo comparado con el primer carril

en este caso Lane 0
Puede ser de hasta 180 ns de extremo a extremo de inclinacin (928 bits por carril)
100G???
100G necesita nuevas tecnologas

Pero,
porqu es tan diferente100G?
Todo es debido a la interface fsica

100G Ethernet CFP

10GE vs 100GE
Las tramas Ethernet introducidas
Tramas dentro en un simple flujo de datos
Ethernet
que son transmitidos en la fibra va
un SFP+ o transceiver similar.
Tramas
Ethernet
Las tramas Ethernet son colocados mediante

mltiples flujos de datos y que son
introducidos dentro del CFP.
CFP incluye un complejo Gearbox (caja de

ajustes) y Mux WDM que transmite los datos
en mltiples lambdas

En Resumen...
Definicin de 40GE & 100GE (P802.3ba Equipo de Trabajo)
Definicin de G.709 OTU3/OTU4 (ITU-T Grupo de estudio 15)
La CFP Multi-Source Agreement (MSA) define las especificaciones

mnimas de los transceptores pticos para habilitar aplicaciones
40G/100G

Packetized data is converted to 64b/66b symbols
100Gig Ethernet LR4 CFP
PCS Lanes CAUI Lanes

2:1
2:1 PMD Lanes

10:4 MUX & OE

2:1
2:1
2:1 LAN
2:1
WDM
(optical
2:1 mux)
4 x 25G : 4 lanes
2:1
each running at 25G
2:1
2:1
Conocida como la caja de cambios

Legend (Gearbox) - requiere control dinmico de
PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer temperatura y de timing
CAUI 100Gb/s Attachment Unit Interface

Packetized data is converted to 64b/66b symbols 100G CFP concept Client Side 10 x 10 (LR10)
PCS Lanes CAUI Lanes PMD Lanes

2:1
10 x 10G : 10 lanes each running at 10G

2:1
10x 10G
2:1
2:1
2:1
LAN
10:4 WDM SMF Fiber
2:1
(optical
2:1
mux)
2:1
2:1
MDIO
2:1
Legend

Packetized data is converted to 64b/66b symbols 100G CFP concept Client Side 10 x 10 (SR10)
PCS Lanes CAUI Lanes PMD Lanes

2:1
10 x 10G : 10 lanes each running at 10G

2:1
10x 10G
Optical/Electrical
2:1
2:1
2:1
LAN
10:4 WDM MMF Fiber
2:1
(optical
2:1
mux)
2:1
2:1
MDIO
2:1
10 Wavelengths (850nm)
10 TX Fibers
--10 RX Fibers
Legend

2nd Generacin de transceptores de 100G
CFP2 y CFP4 son 50% mas pequeos que los CFPs, consumen menos potencia y
ofrecen un menor costo
Proporcionar densidad de puertos; De mucha importancia para mas
implementaciones de 100G.
CFP, CFP2 y CFP4 son interoperables
Una solucin de prueba para CFP puede ser usada para probar
sistemas basados en CFP2/CFP4; la inversin de los clientes en
equipos de medicin de CFP no se desperdiciara.
100GBase-SR10
Corto Alcance (100m)
Saliendo del Mercado
100GBase-LR4
Universal CFP soportado por la mayora de los vendors y dispositivos.
Alto costo (pero disminuyendo)
Usado para interconexiones de corto alcance (10Km).

Evolucin de transceptores de 100G
4X Density Power Lower Cost

CFP Guia
CFP2 hacia CFP4

Soluciones con la Plataforma FTB-2 Pro
FTB-88100NGE FTBX-88200NGE
CFP and/or CFP2 solutions CCFP4 and/or QSFP solutions
Many deployments especially for carriers for Data center applications and webscale companies
the next 12 month or so will still be CFP/CFP2 FIELD are leading the transition
10M to 100G ( Dual 10 Port ) 10G to 100G solution (Single 10G Port)
Complete solution in FTB-2 including 10G with Can add second FTBx-88200NGE or 10G module in
dual port capability FTB-2 Pro

Adaptador CFP2
Pruebas en Laboratorio
85100G
CFP y CFP2, solucin integrada en un solo mdulo
El pleno acceso a las funciones de equipos de TX
que utilizan CFP y CFP2
Solucin rentable en comparacin con mdulos
dedicados CFP y CFP2.
88100x
CFP y CFP2 integrados en la solucin de campo
Pruebas en Campo
CFP2 Actualizable en campo; No es necesario
regresarlo a la fbrica
Clave para las primeras pruebas de campo de CFP2
junto con los despliegues.

Activacin de Servicio hasta
100G en T&D (5 etapas)

100G Turn Up
ETHERNET REPORTING
CONNECTOR FIBRE CFP
SERVICE AND
INSPECTION TEST TEST
TEST ACCEPTANCE

La causa de fallas en la red es
debido a conectores
No. contaminados.
- NTT-Advanced Technology Research, 2010

100G Turn Up
ETHERNET REPORTING
CONNECTOR FIBRE CFP
SERVICE AND
TEST ACCEPTANCE

El CFP es El Eslabn ms dbil
Un grande nmero de fallas con
referentes a los transceptores CFP
Precios altos (CFP): 5K$ - 20K$ Gearbox
tpicamente.
Complejos: Tienen nuevos TX TX TX TX
componentes
Tiempo de entrega: Hasta 12 Optical Mux
semanas. Es esencial probar los

CFPs antes de la activacin de la
red.
Probar los CFPs antes del 0 1 2 3
despliegue de la red reducir los

costos por troubleshooting y
asegurar buenos valores de SLA 2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 55
Ahorre tiempo: CFP Health Check

CFP Health Check
Prueba Automtica del CFP

Validacin de transceptores: iOptics

Problemas tpicos con transceptores
Invalid Power Range Missing Optical Channel

Aplicacin iOptics
Quick PASS / FAIL Verdicts per test

iOptics
One-Single configuration Quick PASS / FAIL

Intelligent App page verdicts

100G Turn Up
ETHERNET REPORTING
CONNECTOR FIBRE CFP
SERVICE AND
TEST ACCEPTANCE

EtherSAM
FTB-2Pro
100%
Ethernet
10M-to-100G
FTB-2Pro
EtherSAM puede realizar mediciones de ida y vuelta con un dispositivo de loop de

retorno; donde el valor medido representa la media de los dos sentidos de la prueba

iSAM Brings a Revolutionary
THREE-STEP APPROACH
THAT NO ONE ELSE CAN MATCH
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M

With iSAM
ONE PAGE
SETUP

With iSAM
ONE PAGE
RESULTS

Soluciones Multiservicio EXFO
100% 100%
Ethernet 10M-to- OTN OTU1 -to-OTU4
100G
1/2/4/8/10/16x
100% Fiber Channel
SDH rates STM-0
to STM-256

Preguntas?


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Medidas de Certificacin de Redes Ethernet

Desde 10Mbps a 100Gbps

Motivacin para 100Gbps

Fundamentos de Ethernet a 40/100G

CFP alta velocidad: conceptos bsicos, hoja de ruta e identificacin de fallas

Pruebas de campo desde 10Mbps hasta 100Gbps

2014 EXFO Inc. Todos los derechos reservados. 2

Application FTP, HTTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, etc

Upper Layer Presentation ISO Presentation Protocol, etc

Session DNS, NetBIOS-NS, etc

Transport TCP, UDP, SPX, etc

Network IP, BGP, OSPF, IGRP, IPX, CLNP, X.25, etc

Physical SONET/SDH, RS-232, 10/100 BASE-T, T1, T3, Modems, etc

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 4

Evolution of TDM Only standardized Evolution of Ethernet

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 7

Taken from the SDH/SONET world.

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 8

Difference between Unframed, Framed Layer 1, Framed Layer 2

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 9

Taken from the SDH/SONET world.

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 10

Frame Loss Test

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 11

Maximum transmission Rate the device/Network under test can process

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 12

The ability of a device under test to process bursts of back to back

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 13

Similar to throughput but in reverse. % of frames not forwarded by a

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 14

Measurement of time it takes for device under test to

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 15

Frame Loss Test

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 16

Test methodology for Ethernet services

EtherSAM is EXFOs implementation of ITU-T Y.1564

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 18

EIR: Excess Information Rate: Average rate in bits/s of Service Frames up to

Traffic Color Awareness

Dropped bandwidth (everything over EIR)

CIR between CIR and EIR)

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 19

Best Effort Data

CIR (Mbps) (Green Traffic) 5 10 2.5

Frame Loss (%) <0.001 <0.05 <0.05

VLAN 100 200 300

This is what needs to be validated when the service is turned-up

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 20

Ramp repeated for each service

All SLA parameters measured at each step

~ 1 minute per service

From 30 sec, can be extended for long-term tests

Can be verified with

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 24

Resultados independientes por

2013 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 27

Global IP Traffic Mobile Connections

2011 - 2016 2016

Global Cloud Traffic Dominance of Video

2011 - 2015 2016

2013 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 29

2015 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved.. 30

400% de crecimiento de Internet video