Department of Electrical Power Engineering

College of Engineering

SEMESTER 2 2016/2017

EPRB 412

Progress Report 3

FIELD AGEING CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF

UNDERGROUND CABLE INSULATION USING
SCHERING BRIDGE

NAME: PUNITHAN A/L RAVICHANDRAN

ID NO: EP092454

SUPERVISOR: PN.SUHAILA BINTI SULAIMAN

SUBMITTAL DATE: 10th JULY 2017

INTRODUCTION

This report will demonstrate the modelling of Schering Bridge using PROTEUS and
present the simulation results. The steps by steps to model Schering Bridge and extract tan delta
result using PROTEUS will be presented.

MODELLING OF SCHERING BRIDGE USING PROTEUS

Proteus 8 Professional was used to model the Schering Bridge. Proteus has very large
library content which will make our modelling easier. As 1st step a quick basic learning should
be done on how to create new project,to access the library,to design and run simulation.A basic
view of proteus after creating new project is shown in Figure 4.0.

Simulation Toolbar

FIGURE 4.0 PROTEUS MAIN WINDOW

The following step will be to access the library to obtain the component which we will need to
construct of model.For Schering Bridge Consists contruction componetnt such as resistor,
variable resistor(POT-HG), capacitor, and ac voltage source(ALTERNATOR) should obtain
from the library.

Figure 4.1 shows the library window and figure 4.2 shows the component which was
used for modelling the schering bridge. Button P which have been circled with red line should
be press in order to access the library.

FIGURE 4.1 PROTEUS LIBRARY WINDOW

Variable Resistor Ac Voltage Source Capacitor and Resistor

FIGURE 4.2 ELECTRICAL COMPONET FOR SCHERING BRIDGE
Meanwhile other component such as AC voltmeter,ground and voltage probes can be found at
the leftside tab of the main window as shown in figure 4.3.

FIGURE 4.3 MEASUREMENT COMPONENT

Then the following step is construction of schering bridge. Contrusting the circuit can be done
in given designing space. Schering bridge design as shown in figure 4.4, was constructed using
proteus which is shown in figure 4.5.
 FIGURE 4.4 SCHERING BRIDGE

FIGURE 4.5 SCHERING BRIDGE MODEL IN PROTEUS

The circuit was then verified for error connection once done with modelling the circuit, and then
should key in the parameters for the resistors,capacitor and ac voltage source.

As an initial simulation 1ST test ,data from previous studies by Asmarashid Bin Ponniran
was taken in order to test the circuit[1].Figure 4.6 and 4.7 show the input parameter window and
figure 4.8 show parameter data. The test voltage is 2KV to 10KV was used with frequency of
50hz.Using the formula of :

tan delta = CxRx= C4R4 [1.0]

Parameter for the component of the design can be found.
Where : tan delta = 0.0095 , Cx= C4 = 0.24485 uF , Rx= R4 = 0.1235 Kohm , Cs = 0.001uF
Range of variable arm R3: 0.1<R3>1.01 V = 2KV 50 hz

The balance condition occours when VBD=0 and VCD=VBC. Thus,in this test only variable arm
R3 will be adjusted to reach the balance condition. Once balance condition reached, tan delta
will be calculated using formular 1.1,where we should get tan delta=0.0095 which means the
circuit work perfectly.
Cx= C2*(R4/R3) and Rx= R3*(C4/C2) [1.1]

FIGURE 4.6 EXAMPLE OF VARIABLE RESISTOR INPUT PARAMETER WINDOW

 FIGURE 4.7 EXAMPLE OF VOLTAGE SOURCE INPUT PARAMETER

FIGURE 4.8 TAN DELTA TEST DATA USING TETTEX INTRUMENTS SCHERING
BRIDGE MODEL 2816

Figure 4.9 and 4.10 show the voltage of DC is not equal to voltage of BC when the variable
arm R3 set to zero. The balance condition which VDC=VBC occurs when the arm R3 set to
50% which shown in figure 4.11 and 4.12.
FIGURE 4.9 SCHERING BRIDGE NOT BALANCE

FIGURE 4.10 SCHERING BRIDGE NOT BALANCE

 FIGURE 4.11 SCHERING BRIDGE BALANCE

FIGURE 4.12 SCHERING BRIDGE BALANCE

50% at arm R3 is equal to 50%*1.01=0.505ohm .Then, using equation 1.1 and 1.0 tan delta
value be calculated.
Cx= 0.01uF*(0.1235K/0.505) = 2.4455e-6
Rx= 0.505*(0.24485uF/0.01uF) =12.364925 [1]
Sub eqn(1) into eqn(2)
tan delta = (100)( 2.4455e-6)(12.364925) = 9.4999e-3 0.0095 [2]
Meanwhile, 2nd test initiated with same parameter expect for the ac voltage source change to
10KV. Arm R3 and including R4 have to adjust this time until reach the balance condition. Figure
4.13 and 4.14 show the balance condition when source is increased to 10KV AC.

FIGURE 4.13 FIGURE 4.12 SCHERING BRIDGE BALANCE

FIGURE 4.14 FIGURE 4.12 SCHERING BRIDGE BALANCE

49% at arm R3 is equal to 49%*1.01=0.4949 ohm . 98% at arm R4 is equal to
98%*0.1235K=121.03 ohm .Then, using equation 1.1 and 1.0 tan delta value be calculated.
Cx= 0.01uF*(121.03 /0.4949) = 2.45e-6
Rx= 0.4949 *(0.24485uF/0.01uF) =12.1176265 [3]
Sub eqn(3) into eqn(4)
tan delta = (100)( 2.45e-6)( 12.1176265) = 9.32682e-3 0.0095 [4]

During 1st test,the simulation accuracy have been tested.The tan delta value obtain from
the simulation nearly equal to the reference tan delta value from figure 4.6 which is
tan delta = 9.4999e-3.Thus, it can be use for other parameters. During 2nd test, it proven that tan
delta value will increase when input voltage increase.By maintaining the parameters of 1 st test
and increasing the input ac voltage to 10KV.The tan delta value increase to tan delta = 9.32682e-
3.

CONCLUSION

Proteus does allow us to design and simulate the model. Proteus allow us to change the
value during the simulation such as changing variable arm R3 value. Therefore, from the
simulation result this schering bridge model in proteus can be continue to be use in the further
progress.

REFERANCE

[1] Ponniran and M. S. Kamarudin, "Study on the performance of underground XLPE

cables in service based on tan delta and capacitance measurements," 2008 IEEE
2nd International Power and Energy Conference, Johor Bahru,2008,pp.39-
43.doi: 10.1109/PECON.2008.4762442.