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Abstract: Nitrogen is the common element of the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in our galaxy and
the Solar System. The greatest single commercial use of nitrogen is as a component in the manufacture of ammonia,
subsequently used as fertilizer and to produce nitric acid and liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant for freezing and
transporting food products. Different methods are being used for separating of nitrogen gas from air. Linde-Hampson cycle
of Cryogenic process is the most used process for separation of nitrogen. This thermodynamic cycle has been simulated
using Aspen HYSYS simulation software. The objective of this paper is to present analysis of thermodynamic cycle
used for liquefaction of Nitrogen (N2) under given set of operating condition and efficiencies. The liquefying
temperature of Nitrogen being -200oC was taken into consideration. The final composition of nitrogen obtained is
approximately 92%.
1. Introduction
liquefaction of gases. William Hampson and Carl von
Earth is surrounded by air, where nitrogen is one of the Linde independently filed for patent of the cycle in
main components of air. Nitrogen is very vital chemical for 1895[7] .It is very simple and operating cost is very low.
different chemical industries. It has very versatile CLAUDE cycle is mainly used for achieving highly pure
applications such as- In ordinary incandescent light bulbs product. In 1902 George Claude invented Claude system
nitrogen is used as an inexpensive alternative to for liquifying air [8] The system enabled the production of
argon[1],During The manufacturing of stainless steel [2] , to industrial quantities of liquid nitrogen, oxygen, and argon;
Fill automotive and aircraft tires[3] , It is also used to Claude's approach competed successfully with the earlier
concentrate and reduce the volume of liquid samples during system of Carl von Linde (1895) [9] .Computer based
chemical analysis [4] etc. Air is the main source of Nitrogen. simulation has been popular nowadays for different
Production levels of nitrogen and argon have increased by chemical engineering purposes. This paper contains
50 to 60% during the last decade. Significant improvements HYSYS simulation and description of N2 production using
have been made to cryogenic processes to reduce the Simple LINDE-HAMPSON cycle. It will help to get the
energy consumption of nitrogen separation process and basic idea of N2 plant.
increase argon recovery [5]. Nitrogen can be separated from
air by liquefaction of air. Different processes can be used to 2. Methodology
separate nitrogen from air. Among these cryogenic
process is the most used process for nitrogen To simulate the process of Separation of nitrogen gas
separation. The cryogenic separation process requires a from air renowned Aspen HYSYS v7.1 is used. For this
very tight integration of heat exchangers and separation problem, Peng-Robinson fluid package have been used as
columns to obtain a good efficiency and all the energy for it is the most enhanced fluid package in Hysys with
refrigeration is provided by the compression of the air at highest T & P range. Making some assumptions and using
the inlet of the unit [6]. the National Bureau of Standards hypothetical units the N2 production simulation have been
at Boulder, Colorado considers temperature below 123K performed. Though it does not give the real world
as cryogenic operating temperature. This can be accepted performance or the real life production environment,
because boiling temperature of permanent gases like but it can give relief from making wide range of
helium (He), hydrogen (H), neon (Ne) etc are below 123K experiment without making the small scale reactors or
Simple Linde- Hampson cycle and CLAUDE cycle are the plant .
main cryogenic processes. The Linde- Hampson cycle is
based on the Joule-Thomson effect and is used in the
2.1 Process descriptions:
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The stream coming out from the cooler is used as the hot
fluid inlet in our process. A pressure drop of 1 bar in hot
stream and 0.2 bars in the cold stream occur. Then an
isentropic J-T valve is used which works at a constant
enthalpy and is such that with decrease in pressure a
Figure 1: Composition of dry atmospheric air [10]
significant drop in temperature is brought about. For the
purpose of flashing the vapor-liquid mixture that comes
Air must be pre-filtered to make it clean from dust out of the J-T valve, a phase separator is used. The liquid
and it must be dried before entering it into the product from the separator is withdrawn. Meanwhile the
nitrogen separation system. Otherwise, the production rate vapor product is fed to the LNG heat exchanger as the
of nitrogen will decrease. The clean, dry air containing cold fluid inlet. The outlet stream from the LNG heat
mostly nitrogen and oxygen is fed to a mixer at a rate exchanger is passed through a tee and the stream is split
of 1kg/hr where it mixes with the recycle stream at into two different streams. One of the two streams is used
the same intermediate and equilibrium state. The as the recycle stream in the mixer while the other one
temperature and pressure of both streams entering the is our product stream. We have to recycle almost 96%
mixer were kept at 26.85oC and 1bar. The mixed gas of the stream coming out from heat exchanger to
stream is then fed to a compressor where the gas is achieve maximum purity of nitrogen. We get 92%
compressed to 250 bar. The temperature of the gas nitrogen product. Further separation can be done by using
stream coming out from the compressor rises to a very Claude process.
higher level as the pressure increases. So, a cooler is
2.2 Reactions
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3. Result
Final composition of nitrogen obtained from Cooler
E-101 is 92% but it is expected to obtain around 99%
pure nitrogen from air. Unavailability of process
condition is the main reason for getting less percentage of
nitrogen products from air.