;kfjse ozr^2

d;thA iwks bJh

;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB

gqhs ftjko, fd~bh^110092
SAHITAK RANG-2 (For Class X)

gfjbh tko ^ 2016

w[Zb L o[gJ/

XzBtkd
n;hA T[jBK ;ko/ b/yeK d/ fdb'A XzBtkdh jK fiBQK B/ nkgDhnK ouBktK fJ; g[;se ftZu Pkwb eoB bJh nkfrnk fdZsh.

;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB, fdZbh^110092

gqekPe

;?eo/Noh, ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB, fdZbh^110092

This book or part there of may not be reproduced by any person of agency in any manner.
 w[~y Ppd
;kfjse ozr^2 ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB tb'A gqekfPs
g[;se j?. fJ; \k; s"o T[go d;thA iwks d/ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh
fsnko eotkfJnk frnk j?. ;kfjs dhnK tZy'^tZyohnK ftXktK w[Zy
oZyfdnK fJ; ftu ftfGzB gqeko dhnK ouBktK dh g/Pekoh j'Jh j?.
g[;se okjhA ftfdnkoEhnK dh ejkDh, fJeKrh s/ ihtBh Bkb ;KM
g[nkJh rJh j?. edoK^ehwsK T[~go nXkfos ouBktK ftfdnkoEhnK
ftu ihtB d/ tzB^;[tzB/ ozr GoB bJh isBPhb jB. fJ; g[;se ftu
g/P ejkDhnK pdb ojh ihtB^iku ;zp'Xs jB. fJ;/ fdPk ftu
fJeKrh ;wkie p[okJhnK s/ fGqPNkuko d/ w;fbnK T[~go ftnzr jB.
wjkB P\;hnsK pko/ gq;s[s ihtBhnK ftfdnkoEhnK bJh pj[w[Zb/
gq/oBk ;o's jB. fJ; g[;se dh fsnkoh ftu ;w[Zuh Nhw B/ Gog{o
:'rdkB gkfJnk j?. fJ; ftu b/ye, nfXnkge s/ gq'|?;o Pkwb jB,
fiBQK B/ oks^fdB fJe eoe/ pj[w[ZbhnK ouBktK fJe g[;se dk o{g
fdZsk j?. fJ; bJh fJj ;ko/ w/o/ XzBtkd d/ gkso jB.
T[go'es Nhw ftu ;hHphHn?;HJhH d/ nfXekoh s/ w[bkIw th Pkwb
jB. ftP/P s"o s/ nf;;N?AN vkfJo?eNo ;qh nb fjbkb nfjwd B/
fJ; Nhw dk wkor^doPB eoe/ fJe ftP/P G{fwek fBGkJh j?. T[j
tXkJh d/ gkso jB. w? g{oh T[whd j? fe fJj g[;se ftfdnkoEhnK
dk okj^fd;/ok pDB ftu g{oh wdd eo/rh. g[;se pko/ s[jkv/ ;[Mkn
dk jw/PK ;[nkrs j?.

tkJhHn?;He/H P/P{ e[wko

(u/now?B)
;kfjse ozr^2

;hHphHn?Z;HJhH ;bkjeko ew/Nh L

tkJhH n?;H e/H P/P{ e[wko
u/now?B, ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh

;zgkdeh wzvb L
vkH fgqEth oki Ekgo nf;;N?AN gq'c?;o, fdnkb f;zx (JhH) ekbi, b'Xh o'v, BthA fdZbh
gqekP f;zx fr~b ghHihHNhH, r[o{ jfofeqPB gpfbe ;e{b, b'Bh o'v, Pkjdok, fdZbh
pbftzdo f;zx ;'Yh ;kpek b?euoko, ;oekoh ;e{b, ow/P Bro, BthA fdZbh
i;ftzdo e"o ghHihHNhH, r[o{ jfofeqPB gpfbe ;e{b, fJzvhnk r/N, BthA fdZbh
;[yftzdo e"o ghHihHNhH, n?;HihHNhHphH ykb;k robI ;e{b, nbhrzi, b'Xh o'v, BthA fdZbh

yoVk ohftT{eko L
vkH jowhs f;zx vkfJo?eNo, r[o{ BkBe ekbi nkc n?i[e/PB, t?;N gzikph pkr, BthA fdZbh

vkH okitzs e"o ;kpek fgqz;hgb, nwo f;zx P/o/^gzikp ;hH ;?H ;e{b, eo'b pkr, BthA fdZbh
irdhP e"o ;kpek ;hBhno b?ueoko, vkfJN, w'sh pkr, BthA fdZbh
nftekP e"o NhHihHNhH, GkJh i'rk f;zx ykb;k robI ;hH;?H ;e{b, Jh;N gN/b Bro, BthA fdZbh

gqki?eN^n|;o L
;qh nb fjbkb nfjwd i[nkfJzN vkfJo?eNo (GkPktK), ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh
 Hkkjr dk lafo/kku
ms f 'kdk
ge Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d 1 lEiw.kZ izHkqRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT; cukus ds fy,] rFkk mlds
leLr ukxfjdksa dks %
lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;]
fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /keZ
vkSj mikluk dh Lora=krk]
izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk
izkIr djus ds fy,]
rFkk mu lc esa
O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj 2 jk"V dh ,drk
vkSj v[k.Mrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh ca/kqrk c<+kus ds fy,
n`<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/kku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj] 1949 bZ0 dks ,rn~}kjk bl lafo/kku dks vaxhd`r]
vf/kfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSaA
1- lafo/kku C;kyhloka la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk 3-1-1977 ls ^^izHkqRo&laiUu yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT;** ds
LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA
2- lafo/kku C;kyhloka la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk 3-1-1977 ls ^^jk"V dh ,drk** ds LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA

Hkkx 4 d
ewy dkZO;
51 d- ewy dkZO;&&Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dkZO; gksxk fd og&&
d lafo/kku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlds vkn'kksZa] laLFkkvksa] jk"V /ot vkSj jk"V xku dk vknj djs]
[k Lora=krk ds fy, gekjs jk"Vh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPPk vkn'kksZa dks n; esa latks, j[ksa vkSj mudk ikyu djsa]
x Hkkjr dh izHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djsa vkSj mls v{kq..k j[ksa]
?k ns'k dh j{kk djsa vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"V dh lsok djsa]
M Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks /keZ] Hkk"kk vkSj izns'k ;k oxZ ij
vk/kkfjr lHkh HksnHkko ls ijs gksa] ,slh izFkkvksa dk R;kx djs tks fL=k;ksa ds lEeku ds fo:) gSa]
p gekjh lkekfld laLd`fr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dk egRo le>s vkSj mldk ijh{k.k djs(
N izkd`frd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh vkSj oU; thou gSa] j{kk djsa vkSj mldk lao/kZu djsa rFkk izk.kh
ek=k ds izfr n;k Hkko j[ksa
t oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k] ekuookn] vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djsa]
> lkoZtfud laifk dks lqjf{kr j[ksa vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgsa]
O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa ls lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd"kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr~ iz;kl djsa ftlls jk"V fujarj
c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/k dh ubZ pkbZ;ksa dks Nw ys(
V ;fn ekrk&firk ;k lja{kd gS] Ng o"kZ ls pkSng o"kZ rd dh vk;q okys vius] ;FkkfLFkfr] ckyd ;k izfrikY; ds fy;s
f'k{kk ds volj iznku djsA
1- lafo/kku N;klhoka la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 2002 dh
/kkjk 4 }kjk 12-12-2002 ls var% LFkkfirA
 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE
WE, THE POEPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a1 (SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST
SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC) and to secure to all its citizenes :
JUSTICE, social economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, experssion, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 [unity and integrity of the Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixty day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT,
ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

1. Subs. by the Consitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, sec. 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic" (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)
2. Subs. by the Consitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of the Nation" (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Chapter IVA
Fundamental Duties
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental DutiesIt shall be the duty of every citizen of India
(a) to abide the Consititution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National
Anthem ;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom ;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending
religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities ; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity
of women ;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to have
compassion for living creature ;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all shperes of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly
rises to higher levles of endeavour and achievement.
1
(k) Who is a parent or gaurdian to provide apportunities for aducation to his/her child or, as the case may be,
ward between age of six and forteen years.
1. Ins. by the constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment)
Act. 2002 A.4 (w.e.f. 12.12.2002)
 sseok

w[~y Ppd tkJhHn?;He/H P/P{ e[wko 5

1H w?A fe;/ s'A x~N BjhA (ejkDh) 9

vkH doPB f;zx nkPN

2H BkBh dk fgnko (ejkDh) 15

nP'e tkf;Pm

3H Jhno |'B (ejkDh) 25

pbftzdo f;zx ;'Yh

4H d[PwDh (ejkDh) 31
pbftzdo f;zx pokV

5H p/p/ okw GiBh (fJeKrh) 39

gq'H nkJhH;hH Bzdk

6H okfink oki eo/Afdnk (fJeKrh) 55

e/tb Xkbhtkb

7H phph GkBh ih (ihtBh) 70

;[yftzdo e"o
8H T[ZvDk f;~y ^ fwbyk f;zx (ihtBh) 75
gqekP f;zx fr~b

9H nDE~e ftfrnkBh vkH npd[b ebkw (ihtBh) 81

vkH fgqEth oki Ekgo

10H Bktbeko L BkBe f;zx (ihtBh) 88

i;ftzdo e"o
 w?A fe;/ s'A x~N BjhA

oiBh dh T[wo j't/rh e'Jh frnkoK^pkoK ;kbK dh. g'bhU dh phwkoh eoe/
T[; dhnK d't/A bZsK Bekok j' u[ZehnK ;B, go T[; ftu nZr/ tXD dk pj[s
iIpk s/ T[sPkj ;h. eJh y/v w[ekpfbnK ftu T[; B/ fJBkw fiZs/ ;B.
oiBh dh \k;hns fJj ;h fe T[j ;e{b'A ed/ r?o jkIo BjhA ofjzdh ;h.
T[j nkgD/ fgzv'A NqkJh ;kJheb s/ fszB feb'whNo d{o Pfjo d/ ;e{b ftu gVQB
bJh nkT[Adh ;h. eJh tko w";w \okp j'D eoe/ wzwh T[; ;e{b'A S[ZNh eo
b?D bJh nkydh sK oiBh nr'A nkydh, wzwh, \okp w";w dh w? e'Jh gotkj
BjhA. PkfJd s[jk BjhA gsk fe ;kv/ ;e{b ftu ;kbkBk ;wkrw ftu
jo/e iwks d/ T[; ftfdnkoEh fJBkw fdZsk iKdk J/ fi; dh jkIoh ;ko/
;kb ftu d{finK Bkb'A tZX j[zdh J/. w?A BjhA ukj[zdh fe w/oh jkIoh fe;/ j'o
Bkb'A xZN j't/. fJ; bJh w?A ;e{b iktKrh. E'VQk pj[s \okp w";w w/ok okj
BjhA o'e ;edk.
fJj ;[D e/ oiBh d/ gkgk efjzd/, oiBh mhe jh sK efj ojh J/.
nZr'A oiBh w[;eok g?Adh s/ nbftdk
nky NqkJh ;kJheb s/ ;e{b/ ikD bJh
otkBk j' iKdh.
whAj g?D ekoB ;e{b d/ nk;^gk;
xkj ek|h tZvk j' frnk ;h. ;e{b dk
wkbh w'jB eJh fdBK s'A fpwko ;h. fJ;
eoe/ ;e{b ftu xkj eZND dk pzd'p;s n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
BjhA ;h j' ;fenk. oiBh dh iwks d/
Bekok L p/eko, ngkji,
ewo/ d/ fgSb/ gk;/ th ek|h xkj j' frnk nzrjhD
;h. eJh tkoh oiBh d/ fJzukoi nfXnkge iIpk L GktBk, tbtbk
;qh w'jB bkb ih nky u[Ze/ ;B fe tZvk j' xkj L xk;, ukok,
u[Zfenk xkj eNtkT[Dk pj[s Io{oh j?. xkj^gZmk

9
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE feT[Afe T[; ftu e'Jh Ifjohbk
ukDuZe L nukBe, iht th sK j' ;edk j? s/ T[jh
nuBu/s, j'fJnk fi; dk ;qh w'jB bkb
oZp ;pZphA
ih vo ;h.
xkpo L p/u?B, vo
fJe fdB dh rZb j?.
T[r/ L g?dk j'J/
oiBh dh iwks d/ ;ko/
pkoh L fyVeh
jkb^d[jkJh L uh\^g[eko,
ftfdnkoEh w?dkB ftu y/v oj/
;jkfJsk bJh ;B. fjzdh d/ ghohnv dh
g[eko xzNh tZih sK ;ko/ nkgD/ ewo/
y[v
Z L w'oh, y[Zsh, tZb d"V/ s/ nkgD/ ewo/ ftu
x[oBk nk e/ pfjD bZr/. nfXnkge ih dh T[vhe j'D bZrh.
ftT[As L ;ehw, i[rs, ukDuZe jh iwks ftu fgZS/ p?m/ okj[b dh BIo nkgD/ p?Au dh fJe bZs
:'iBk
Bkb fbgN/ gJ/ ;Zg s/ gJh sK T[j fJedw xkpo frnk. T[; B/ o"bk gk
vzr L eZNDk
fdZsk, ;Zg, ;Zg.
gbK^fSDK ftu jh iwks ftu jkjkeko wZu rJh. ;ko/ ftfdnkoEh o"bk
gkT[Ad/ j'J/ ewo/ ftu'A pkjo GZiD bZr/. T[j ;Zg ewo/ d/ pkjo T[r/ tZv/ xkj
ftu'A ezX s/ uVQdk j'fJnk pkoh okjhA ewo/ ftu nk frnk ;h.
oiBh iwks d/ ftueko nkgDh ;j/bh g{ik Bkb p?Au s/ p?mh j'Jh ;h.
g{ik B/ T[; cNkcN pkjo fBebD bJh nkfynk go fJedw pkjo fBebDk
T[; bJh n"yk ;h.
oiBh B/ t/fynk, ;Zg fszB c[ZN s'A th e[M tZvk ;h. ftfdnkoEhnK dh
jkb^d[jkJh Bkb ;Zg th xkpo frnk. ewo/ dk coP gZek ;h. fJ; bJh ;Zg
nkgD/ S[gD bJh e'Jh y[Zv tr?ok bZGD fJXo^T[Xo d"VB bZrk.
oiBh B/ c"oB fdwkr s'A ezw fbnk. T[; B/ nkgDk s/ g{ik dk p?r T[bNk
fdZsk. d't/A p?r ykbh eoe/ E'VQ/^E'VQ/ nzso Bkb nkgD/ B/V/ jh coP s/
;[ZN fdZs/.
oiBh dh ftT[As ezw eo rJh.
fiT[A jh ;Zg coP s/ gJ/ fJe ykbh p?r ftu ik tfVnk sK oiBh B/
c[osh Bkb p?Au s'A T[m e/ d'tK jZEK Bkb p?r dk wz{j pzd eo fdZsk. ;Zg dh
g{S p?r s'A E'VQh fijh pkjo ftykJh d/ ojh ;h.
oiBh, p?r SZv e/ pkjo d"V nk. ;Zg s? vzr bJ/rk. p?r SZv d/.

10
ewo/ d/ pkjo yVQ/ g{ik s/ j'o iwksh uhe uhe e/ efj oj/ ;B go oiBh n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

B/ p?r dk wz{j x[ZN e/ pzd ehsk j'fJnk ;h. cze

[ ko/ L ;Zg d/ P{eD
sd se ;e{b dk ;/tkdko gqkD BkE jZE ftu ;'Nh cVh ewo/ dh nktkI
ftu nkfJnk. id'A T[; B/ oiBh nfijh jkbs ftu t/fynk sK T[j dzr
ofj frnk.
gqkD BkE p'fbnk, e[VhJ/, \sok w[Zb Bk b?. fJj p?r SZv d/. cNkcN
eo. p?Au s/ ik uVQ. w?A fJ; p?r ftu jh wko fdnKrk. S/sh eo. ;Zg
s? vzr wko dJ/rk.
nzeb ih, ;Zg j[D fJ; p?r u'A pkjo BjhA fBeb ;edk feT[Afe w?A pVh
wip{sh Bkb x[ZN e/ p?r dk wz{j pzd ehsk j'fJn?. oiBh B/ T[~so fdZsk.
;Zg p?r ftu'A c[zeko/ wko fojk ;h go oiBh fpbe[b BjhA ;h vo ojh.
fgqz;hgb ;kfjp, nfXnkge s/ e[M j'o eowukoh th MNgN T[E/ nk rJ/.
u"ehdko B/ nkfynk, fJ; ibdh wko fdT[ HHH.
fJj rZb ;[DfdnK ;ko Jh oiBh p'bh, Bk Bk nzeb ih, fJ; Bk wkoBk
gbhI. fJj w/oh geV ftu'A pkjo BjhA nk ;edk s/ Bk jh j[D fJj fe;/
dk B[e;kB eo ;edk J/. fJ; fuVhnkxo tkfbnK fdZsk ikt/ sK pVk
uzrk j't/rk.
tkj oiBh, sz{ sK f;nkfDnK tkbhnK rZbK eo ojh J/A. fgqz;hgb ;kfjp
B/ nkfynk.
gqkD BkE B/ oiBh e'b'A pVh ;ktXkBh Bkb p?r cV fbnk s/ fco T[; p?r
dk wz{j x[ZN e/ oZ;h Bkb pzBQ fdZsk.
;kfJz; tkb/ nfXnkge p'b,/ oiBh
mhe efj ojh n? ;o. fJ; fuVhnk
xo ftu fGitkfJnk ikt/.
gqkD BkE s/ fJe d' j'o nkdwh ;Zg
fuVhnk xo ftu ;"AgD bJh ub/ rJ/.
fuVhnk xo d/ tZv/ n|;o
id'A ;koh rZb dk gsk bZfrnk sK T[j
nkyD bZrk, w?A fJj ikD e/ j?okB jK
fe fJ; ;Zg fJe nfijh pjkdo
bVeh B/ ekp{ ehsk J/ fijVh g'bhU

11
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE dh fPeko J/. d{ih tZvh rZb fJj fe T[; d/ wB ftu iht izs{nK gqsh
fw;kb L T[dkjoD pj[s ;B/j n?. T[j ikDdh n? fe ;Zg ;kvk d[PwD BjhA ;r'A fJj \sok
ngzrsk L nzrjhDsk, wfj;{; eoB t/b/ jh ftnesh nkgD/ pukT[ tk;s/ vzr wkod?. nkw b'eK
BekokgD fJ; rZb dk BjhA gsk fe fJ; d/ Ifjo s'A eJh bkGdkfJe dtkJhnK
pDdhnK B/.
;e{b dk ;kbkBk ;wko'j j'fJnk. oiBh pjkdoh dk fJBkw d/D
bJh fuVhnk xo d/ w[Zy n|;o \[d ;e{b/ nkJ/ s/ ;kfonK ;zp'XB
eod/ nkyD bZr/, fJj pjkdo bVeh ;kv/ ;kfonK tk;s/ fJe fw;kb n?
i' nkgDh ;ohoe ngzrsk d/ pkti{d th fe;/ e'b'A xZN BjhA. w?A nkgD/
tb'A fJ; dk BK okPNogsh n?tkov bJh G/iD dh f;|koP eoKrk feT[Afe
fJ; B/ nkgDh jkIo fdwk}h Bkb Bk e/tb nkgD/ iwkshnK \so/ s'A
pukfJn? ;r'A pVh pjkdoh Bkb ;Zg ekp{ eoe/ ;kv/ sZe gj[zukT[D ftu wdd
ehsh n?.
fJBkw b?D T[gozs id'A oiBh nkgDhnK ;j/bhnK fwb ojh ;h sK e[M
;j/bhnK efj ojhnK ;B, oiBh, fijVk ezw n;hA BjhA eo ;ehnK, T[j
sz{ fJeZbh B/ eo fdykfJn?. ;k s/o/ s/ wkD n?.
oiBh p'bh, fdqVQ fBPuk j't/ sK tZv/ s'A tZv/ ;zeN th nk;kBh Bkb
ekp{ ehsk ik ;edk J/.
oiBh B/ t/fynk, T[; d/ e[M iwksh skVhnK tikT[Ad/ j'J/ nky oj/ B/,
oiBh fIzdkpkd ` oiBh fIzdkpkd `
fJzB/ nkgD/ iwkshnK ftu fxoh oiBh e'b T[; d/ wzwh gkgk nkJ/.
T[BQK nk e/ oiBh rbteVh ftu b? fbnk.
oiBh ikfgnk fit/A T[; dhnK p/ikB bZsK ftu ikB nk rJh j't/ s/
T[; dh skes th d[ZrDh j' rJh j't/.
vkH doPB f;zx nkPN

fN~gDh
T[go'es ejkDh ftu ;k fJe ngkji e[Vh d/ ;kj;h ekoBkw/ pko/ gsk
brdk j?. oiBh fi; dhnK d't/A bZsK g'bhU dh phwkoh ekoB Bkekw j' u[ZehnK
jB j"A;b/ s/ db/oh dk ;p{s fdzdh j?. NqkJh ;kJheb T[~go o[IkBk ;e{b ik
e/ T[j nkgDh gVQkJh ftu fe;/ Bkb'A fgZS/ BjhA ofjDk ukj[zdh. jo ezw ftu

12
T[j fJe szdo[;s pZu/ tKr g/P nkT[Adh j?. \okp w";w th T[;d/ ;e{b ikD
ftu o[ektN BjhA gk ;edk. iwks ftu ;Zg d/ dk\b j'D T[gozs T[j
xpokT[Adh BjhA ;r'A pjkdoh Bkb T[; dk w[ekpbk eodh j?. ;ko/ ftfdnkoEh
;Zg d/ vo ekoB iwks ftu'A pkjo ub/ iKd/ jB. go oiBh fJeZbh nkgD/
p?Au T[~go p?mh ofjzdh j?. T[j p?r dh wdd Bkb ;Zg ekp{ eoB ftu ;|b
j' iKdh j?. fJ; s'A th nZr/ fJe j'o edw tXk e/ T[j iht^izs{nK gqsh wkBth
;B/j dk ;zd/P fdzdh j?. T[j ;e{b d/ ;/tkdko s/ fgqz;hgb ;Zg wkoB
s'A o'edh j'Jh T[; fuVhnkxo ;"Ag d/D dh nghb eodh j?. T[; dh
fJ; pjkdoh s/ ;{M^p{M ekoB T[; wkB^;BwkB fwbdk j?. oiBh ;G bJh
fJe gq/oBk^;o's pD e/ T[Godh j?.

nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) oiBh fejVh fpwkoh ;h <
(ii) oiBh ;e{b ikD bJh fe; dh gotkj BjhA eodh ;h <
(iii) ;Zg, iwks d/ ewo/ ftu fet/A dk\b j'fJnk ;h <
(iv) ;G s'A gfjbK ;Zg fe; B/ t/fynk <
(v) nfXnkge w'jB bkb fe; dk vo ;h <
(vi) ;Zg eh bZGD tk;s/ fJXo^T[Xo d"V fojk ;h <
(vii) oiBh B/ ;Zg feE/ G/iD dh p/Bsh ehsh ;h <
(viii) fuVhnkxo d/ n|;o B/ oiBh d/ BK dh fe; e'b f;|koP eoB
dh rZb ejh ;h <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) ejkDh dh gkso oiBh d/ feodko dk s[jkv/ T[go eh n;o j'fJnk<
ft;Eko ftu fby'.
(ii) eh s[;hA nfij/ fe;/ j'o ftnesh ikDd/ j' i' ngkji j'D
d/ pkti{d ;kj;h j't/ < T[dkjoBK ;fjs T[; d/ r[DK dk
ftnkfynkB eo'.

13
 (iii) i/eo oiBh dh EK s[;hA fJ; ;zeN ftu c; iKd/ sK eh eod/ <
nkgD/ Gkt ftnes eo'.
(iv) eh s[;hA ;wMd/ j' fe tksktoB gqsh ;ktXkBh dh xkN ekoB jh
nfijhnK xNBktK tkgodhnK jB < fJBQK s'A puD bJh nkgD/
;[Mkn g/P eo'.

nH gkm ftu'A ;wk;h Ppd u[D e/ T[BQK dh ;{uh pDkT[.

JH gkm ftu'A w[jkto/ b~G e/ tkeK ftu pdb'.
;H j/mK fd~s/ tkeK ftu'A BKt u[D e/ T[BQK dh fe;w d~;' L
(i) nfXnkge B/ xkj eZND bJh fejk. HHH
(ii) oiBh fJe pjkdo bVeh j?. HHH
(iii) fgqz;hgb iwks ftu nkfJnk. HHH
(iv) oiBh g'bhU dh phwkoh dh fPeko j?. HHH
(v) ;Zg iwks ftu d"V fojk ;h. HHH

14
 BkBh dk fgnko

Ng HHH Ng HHH Ng x'V/ dhnK NkgK dh rz{i B/ wB w'j fbnk, pkJh, bzw/
;w/A wro'A fJj rz{i ;[BD fwbh J/, nkjk ` HHH wIk nk frnk pkJh nZi
sK HHH. o'fjs nkg^w[jko/ p'b fgnk.
feT[A s[jkv/ BjhA x'V/ d"Vd/ ;VeK s/ HHH< Bkb p?mh ;tkoh B/ j?okB
j[zfdnK g[ZfSnk.
ekj, pugB ftu ;[Dd/ j[zd/ ;K HHH NKrk ;[nkoh d/ feZ;/ HHH tZv/ pI[orK
gk;'A. NKr/ dh rZb SZv', j[D sK x'V/ th d/yD BjhA fwbd/, SZph iBtoh
dh go/v ;w/A jo ;kb Io{o d/y bJhd/ B/.
fJ; dk wsbp nk T[E'A dhnK ;VeK x'fVnK s'A ;ZyDhnK j' rJhnK
B/ HHH n;hA sK fJBQK fpBK ofj jh BjhA ;ed/ HHH. gfjbh ;hN s/ p?mh shih
;tkoh B/ E'VQk j?okB j[zfdnK g[ZfSnk.
nIkdh s'A pknd e[M tfoQnK se ibzXo, nzfwqs;o ns/ b[fXnkDk fij/
tZv/ PfjoK dhnK ;VeK s/ NKr/ y{p d"Vd/ oj/. go ;kv/ d/yfdnK jh d/yfdnK
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
fJj nb'g j' rJ/. i/ NKr/ BjhA sK x'fVnK dk eh ezw HHH ;kvh nZi dh ghVQh
NkgK L x'V/ d/ ;[zw d/
B/ sK ;VeK s/ NKr/ d"Vd/ d/y/ jh BjhA HHH fJe fdB fe;/ g[okDh f|bw ftu j/mb/ Gkr dh
nkfwo ykB othBk NzvB Bkb NKr/ dh ;[nkoh eofdnK s/ o'wKfNe rkDk nktkI
rkT[AfdnK d/y w/o/ w[zv/ B/ g[ZfSnk ;h, gkgk, fJj fej'^fijh ;tkoh j[zdh s/ L T[~s/
NKrk L x'V/ Bkb ubdh
J/HHH id w?A dZf;nk gJh g[okD/ IwkB/ ftu id'A N?e;hnK, ekoK iK d{ihnK fJe ;[ n koh
rZvhnK ;VeK s/ pj[shnK BjhA d"VdhnK ;B sK NKr/ ubd/ jz[d/ ;B. eh rZvh, Nw^Nw
nwho s/ eh rohp, ;ko/ uKJhA^uKJhA fJ; dh ;tkoh dk nkBzd wkDd/ ;B sK feZ;/ L ejkDhnK, pksK
;ZyDhnK L ykbh
T[; nihp bZrk ;h.
tfoQnK L ;kbK
pkJh ih, s[;hA feZE/ ofjzd/ U < fgSbh ;hN s/ p?mh nZXyV T[wo dh nb'g L rkfJp
;tkoh B/ g[ZfSnk. nZXyV L f;nkDh T[wo,
ibzXo HHH. T[wo d/ nZX
c/o sK s[;hA T[E/ d/ izw gb j' < ftu

15
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE J/dK jh ;wM bU, tzv j'D s'A d' ;kb wro'A w/ok iBw j'fJnk ;h.
rokJhA L fJe' fgzv dk w/o/ dkdk ih fJE/ bkj"o ftu ofjzd/ ;B.
EkgDk L PkpkP, Egeh b? pkJh, w/ok wkwbk th e[M fJj'^fijk J/.
w[\kfsp L ;zpf' Xs T[j feZdKHHH< o'fjs B/ shih ;tkoh dh rZb ftu fdbu;gh b?AfdnK g[fZ Snk.
jwT[wo L fJe' fezBh T[j fJ; soQK, w/ok iBw ibzXo ftu j'fJnk, w?A th T[; ;w/A d' tfoQnK
T[wo dk
dk ;K id gkfe;skB pfDnk. uzrk Gbk eko'pko ;h ;kvk, rbh w[jZb/
ftjb L ykbh ;wK,
c[o;s ftu fJe tZvh ;koh jt/bh ;h w/o/ dkdk jI{o dh, efjzfdnK T[jdh IpkB
;zrhdk L PowkDk bVyVk rJh.
c/o sK pJh sz{ ;kvk rokJhA n?AHHHT[E/ eh eod/ ;B s[jkv/ dkdk ih HHH.
EkD/dko ;B HHH fszB Bzpo u"eh d/ fJzukoi HHH pVk o'jp ;h w/o/ dkdk
jI{o dk HHH.
nzro/IK d/ ;w/A sK do'rk Jh wkD BjhA j[zdk ;h, c/o T[j sK EkD/dko
;B HHH. o'fjs B/ fJe soQK Bkb T[; EkgDk fdZsh.
GkJh w/o/, sz{ ;kvk wfjwkB J/A. fe;/ soQK dh fdZes nkt/ sK GoktK
:kd eohA. fJ; tko T[BQK ftueko p?mh ;tkoh o'fjs w[\kfsp j'Jh. T[j
T[; dk jwT[wo ikgdk ;h.
eZbQ nkiw wkoehN frnk ;K, e[M egV/ yohdD/ ;B, go piko dhnK
G[Zb G[bkJhnK ftu r[nku fijk frnk. Gbk j't/, fJe tZvh d[ekB d/ wkbe
dk. T[j th s[jkv/ tKr ibzXo dk ;h. id fJj gsk bZrk fe w?A ibzXo dk
jK sK T[j nkgDh ;hN s'A T[~Sb fgnk. x[ZN e/ rbtZeVh gk bJh w/o/ tho
B/. w? e[o;h s/ pjkfJnk, ukj^gkDh fgbkT[D wro'A g[ZSD bZrk, ezw dh
rZb sK pknd ftu eoKr/, w/o/ d';s, gfjbK fJj dZ; ;t/o dk s?A e[M
ykXk^ghsk th J/ < ;Zuh rZb
sK fJj t/ ;t/o dh BZm^GZi
ftu ykDk ykD dh ftjb Jh BjhA
fwbh go T[; efjD dk j"A;bk
BjhA fgnk. w/o/ jkt^Gkt d/y
T[j ;wM frnk fe fJjB/ ;t/o dk
e[M ykXk BjhA, go efjD ftu
;ze'u eo fojk J/. GoktK e'b
nk e/ ;zrhdk BjhA j[zdk, w?A ikD

16
fbn?, s?A e[M BjhA ykXk, ;|o ftu j' iKdk J/, uZb nzdo, T[E/ gfjbK g/N n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

g{ik eohJ/, c/o d/yKr/ d[Bhnkdkoh dhnK rZbK . Bi{wh L i'sPh

w/ok S'Nk GkJh eh ykJ/rk, T[j jkIo j' ikt/rk. fJzB^fpzB L fpbe[b
e[M yk; BjhA, i' th p/p/ B/ nkgD/ jZEK Bkb pDk e/ G/fink J/, T[jh woj{w Lfwose,
r[Ifonk
yktKrk, w?A itkp fdZsk.
rZu
pJh s/oh fJj ykjP sK w?A g{oh BjhA eo ;edk feT[Afe p/p/ T[~go nZbk Go frnk LGkte j'
whnK e'b ik u[Zeh J/. frnk
Uj ` wk| eohA tho w?A BjhA ikDdk ;h. djkfVnk Lrofink,
rVQfenk
ewbk Bk j't/ sK, sz{ e'Jh Bi{wh J/A fijVk s? p/p/ dk gsk j[zdk. uZb
e'Jh Bk, s/oh Gkph d/ jZEK dk pfDnk getkB jkIo j?. U w[zfvnk, ik d"V
e/ e'Jh fwmkJh b? nk, Bkb/ d' rbk; bZ;h th wzrtk bJhA. i/ djhA j't/ sK
T[j th b? nkthA. w/ok fBZek tho ibzXo'A nkfJn?, fJ; bJh fwmkJh th ibzXo
;thN Pkg s'A fbnkJhA. ykDk yk e/ ftjb/ j'J/ sK e'b vZp/ wzi/ tZb ;?Bs
eofdnK T[; fejk, j[D sz{ E'VQk nkokw eo b?. fijVk ;kwkB b?Dk Jh, T[;
dh fb;N d/, w?A g?e eok oZyKrk.
wzi/ s/ b/NfdnK jh r{VQh BhAd/ ;"A frnk. PkwK gJhnK sK w;K T[fmnk,
w[zvk ukj b? nkfJnk, g{ok ;?~N ;h, Bkb e[M fwmkJh^BwehB.
j[D pj[sk d/y Bk, N[ZN e/ g? ik.
T[j w/o/ ;oQkD/ nk yb'sk, Gkt/A ykDk ykfXnK d'^fszB xzN/ j' u[Ze/ ;B, go
ni/ th G[Zy BjhA bZrh ;h, id T[j th w/o/ ;kjwD/ p?m ukj ghD bZrk sK pj[sh
BKj^B[Zeo BjhA eo ;fenk.
;Zuh rZb sK fJj t/ fe s/oh Peb, rZb eoB dk nzdkI fJzB^fpzB
w/o/ woj{w S'N/ Gok nfjwd/ Bkb fwbdk^i[bdk J/, sz{ fJj Bk ;'uhA fe fJe
nBikD nkdwh s/ T[j th god/; ftu s/o/ s/ n?t/A bZN{ j' frn? HHH w?A nkgD/
Gok Bkb pj[s fgnko eodk ;K, s? d/y g[okDk fgnko w[V ikr fgn? HHH,
efjzfdnK T[; dhnK nZyK ftu nZEo{ nk rJ/ ;B.
s[;hA d[yh feT[A j[zd/ j', w?A th sK s[jkv/ fBZe/ tho fijk jK, nfjwd/ s/
w/o/ ftu eh coe J/ HHH < w/ok e'Jh tZvk tho BjhA, oZp B/ nZi fJj ewh
th g{oh eo fdZsh. fJj efjzfdnK w/ok rZu Go frnk ;h. fJ; s'A nZr/ e[M
p'b BjhA ;fenk. ftPk pdbD bJh rZb/ s/ p?m/ ;ZiD fejk, GkJh ;kfjp
fpb d/ d/Dk. w/o/ J/Bk efjD dh d/o ;h fe T[j I'o dh djkfVnk, ikD'A

17
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE n;wkBh fpibh eVeh j't/ HHH T[jd/ GZyd/ fujo/ tZb se w?A f;o s'A g?oK se
nfj;k; Lwfj;{;, ezp frnk ;K.
gSsktk fyZu e/ uzv wkoKrk, s/o/ wz{j s/, s/oh fjzws feZdK gJh fJj' fijh xNhnk
uzv LEZgV rZb eoB dh. fJe gk;/ w? nkgDk tZvk Gok efjzd?, s/ d{i/ gk;/ prkBk pD
prkBk LgokfJnk foj?A. nfjwd j[zdk sK rb u r{mk d/ e/ ;kok ;kwkB j[D se b? th frnk
fBZx Lfgnko
j[zdk s/ J/Xo sz{ HHH, fJ; s'A nZr/ T[j e[M p'b BjhA ;fenk. w? nkgDh rbsh
w[be Ld/P
dk nfj;k; j' frnk ;h, w/o/ f;o M[e frnk T[jd/ nZr/, T[; d/ g?oK jZE
f;nk;sdkB LokiBhse b'e
bkfJnk s/ rb bfrnk, tZv/ Gok dk fBZx fwfbnk sK nkgD/ s/ ekp{ Bk oZy
nZgV ikDk Lgj[zu ikDk
nb'ekoh L fBokbh, ;fenk, w/ok o'D fBeb nkfJnk.
nB'yh, ndG[s o'fjs dhnK nZyK u nZEo{ d/y, fJ; tko NKr/ tkb/ B/ fejk, GkJhikB,
fJj' n;b n? HHH eh j'fJnk HHH ;kv/ w[be tzv/ rJ/ B/ HHH go ;kv/ nzdo XVed/
fdb fJe B/ HHH fJBQK e'Jh tZy BjhA eo ;edk HHH f;nk;sdkB Gkt/A bZy
:sB eo b?D HHH.
s[jkv/ pkpk ih B/ fJE/ nkgDk wekB th pDkfJnk j'D?A HHH < fgSbh
;hN s/ p?mh ;tkoh B/ g[ZfSnk.
jK pDkfJnk ;h, fJ;bkwhnk ekbi B/V/ g?Ad/ w[jZbk gq/w rbh ftu.
T[j sK fJE'A B/V/ jh j? HHH fdb w[jzwd o'v s/ HHH.
s[;K mhe cowkfJnk HHH ;kvk xo fdb w[jzwd o'v s/ g?Adh ;Ve g'yo
;NohN ftu j?.
j[D/ n;K fdZbh r/N nZgV ikDk HHH T[; d/ ;kjwD/ bzv/ pkIko n? HHH T[E'A
NKrk fwb iKdk HHH.
T[E'A jh NKrk cV e/ frnk ;K HHH e[M fwzNK ftu g[Zi frnk ;K HHH fdb
eod? tkg; ikD s'A gfjbK fJe tko c/o j' nktK, w[V gsk BjhA ed
nkT[Dk j't/ HHH nk th ;eKrk iK BjhA, efj BjhA ;edk HHH fBs BtK gzrk g?
iKd? HHH, o'fjs B/ sb\ nktkI ftu fejk.
nkgD/ xo ik e/ fej'^fijk bZrk HHH < Bkb p?mh ;tkoh B/ T[s;[esk
Bkb g[ZfSnk.
bZrDk sK uzrk Jh ;h HHH go T[E/ fJe nb'ekoh rZb j' rJh HHH
xZN'^xZN w/o/ bJh sK nb'ekoh ;h HHH s[jkv/ bJh Gkt/A nkw j't/. T[j
dZ;D bZrk.
feXo/ T[E/ th nkIw wkoehN tkb/ GkJh ;kfjp sK BjhA fwb

18
rJ/ HHH < d{ih ;tkoh B/ n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

jZ;fdnK fejk. r[nKY L gV';, Bkb jh

T[j sK BjhA fwb/, go d'Xh L d[ZX t/uD tkbk
fijV/ GkJh ;kfjp fwb/ T[j th bzrN
' hnk L gZek d';s
xZN BjhA ;B, o'fjs B/ dZf;nk. ;KG L ;zGkb

T[j feZdK HHH < fgSbh ekjb/ L T[sktb/

xkpod/ L xpokT[Ad/
;hN tkbh ;tkoh B/ g[ZfSnk.
yb' L yV'
j'fJnk fJj HHH tzv s'A
J/d/Q L fJ; d/
gfjbK ;kv/ r[nKY ftu fJe d'Xh No?e L o[y
ofjzdk ;hfJwkw pyP. T[j j[D th d[ZX dk eko'pko eod/ B/. w/oh G{nk B/
ibzXo s'A s[oB ;w/A Ujdk gsk w? fdzfdnK ;koh ikDekoh d/ fdZsh ;h. fJj
th dZf;nk ;h gJh Ujdk fJe g[s wzBQk J/, T[j s/o/ p:k;h uku/ dk bzr'Nhnk
;h, y{p :koh d';sh ;h T[BQK d'jK dh HHH i/ T[j fwb frnk sK s? e'Jh sebh|
BjhA j'D fdzdk HHH T[j ;KG bJ/rk s? HHH.
go nb'ekoh rZb eh j'Jh < NKr/ dh fgSbh ;hN s/ p?m/ pI[or B/
ekjb/ g?AfdnK g[ZfSnk.
T[j th d;dK HHH E'Vk ;po eo' HHH, o'fjs B/ fejk.
;po BjhA j[zdk ;kE'A HHH fdZbh r/N nkT[D tkbk J/ HHH T[E/ T[soBk HHH.
pI[or B/ nkgDh rZb s/ I'o fdzfdnK fejk.
feT[A xkpod/ U wkbe' HHH ej' sK E'VQh d/o fJE/ Jh yb' ikB/ nK HHH,
NKr/ tkb/ B/ pI[or s;Zbh fdzfdnK fejk. jK ;Zu, s[;hA fcb"o th rJ/
U ed/ HHH < T[; B/ o'fjs g[ZfSnk.
ed/HHH< T[Xo sK ne;o iKd/ Jh ojhd?HHHT[E'A gzi^S/ feb'whNo dh d{oh
s/ w/ok BkBek fgzv n?HHHpugB d/ nB/eK j;hB gb r[Iko/ B/ J/; fJbke/ u.
go T[j nb'ekoh rZb fejVh ;h HHH < pI[or B/ rZb dk No?e pdbD
s/ ekjb/ g?AfdnK fejk.
wzBQ/ uku/ B/ g[ZfSnk, nkgDk xo d/yDk HHH< d/yDk sK j? HHH. w?A fejk.
uzrk uZb c/o HHH. T[j w? Bkb b? s[fonk.
wzBQ/ uku/ B/ ekb p?~b tikJh, uzr/ Got/A s/ rmhb/ ;oho d/ wkbe,
gfjbtkB fij/ wod B/ dotkIk y'fbQnk, T[; nZr/ tX e/ uku/ d/ r'vhA jZE
bkfJnk, nkU ih, nZi o;sk fet/A G[Zb rJ/ HHH <

19
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE nkgD/ xo dk th e'Jh o;sk G[Zbdk HHH.
eVfenk L rofink, fJj w/ok Gshik n? HHH ibzXo'A nkfJn? HHH tzv s'A gfjbK J/dQ/ pI[or
rVQfenk J/E/ Jh ofjzd/ ;B HHH J/;/ xo ftu HHH fJj fJjd/ pkp/ dk xo n? HHH, wzBQ/
gkih L M{mk, w{oy, uku/ B/ fJjBK PpdK Bkb w/oh ikD^gSkD eokJh.
gkyzvh
gzfvs eow uzd dk g'sk sK BjhA fJj HHH <
wzdGkrh L pdfe;wsh
w/wDk L(pZeoh dk got/I B/ w/o/ tZb sZfenk, T[j e[M ;'uD bZrk, fco nukBe gsk BjhA
pZuk) fJE/ Gkt eh j'fJnk. T[j nkgDh I'odko nktkI ftu eVfenk, T[m fJE'A, gkih fe;/
j? ewI'o EK dk HHH s/oh fjzws feZdK gJh J/; xo ftu J/dK nkT[D dh <
got/I dh eVe nktkI ;[D o;'Jh ftu ezw eo ojh T[; dh
p/rw MN d/Dh pkjo fBebh HHHfeT[A ntk stk p'bh ik oj/ U HHH nkgD/
uku/ dk sK e[M fbjki eo' HHH.
got/I w/o/ w{jo/ nk yb'sk HHH w?A ;fjwhnK BIoK Bkb T[; sZfenkHHH
T[; d't/A pkjK T[go u[ZehnK HHH ikfgnk fe T[j j[D/ w/ok rbk dpk d/t/rk.
eh T[; ;Zuh w[u
Z hA jZE u[e
Z fbnk ;hHHHi/ jK sK fJ; s'A tZvh wzdGkrh s/ xNhnk
rZb j'o j' BjhA ;edhHHHw? sK Pow nk ojh J/HHH. pI[or ftu'A p'b fgnk.
s{z GkJhnk HHH gfjbK g{oh rZb sK ;[D b?, ny/ w? sK Pow nk ojh
n? HHH, NKr/ tkb/ B/ fuVQfdnK fejk.
w? th fJj' bZrk ;h HHH go ekj HHH T[j w/o/ B/V/ nkfJnk HHH w?
x[ZN e/ ebkt/ ftu b? fbnk s/ efjD bZrk, fJj eh pjkdo pkp/ dk g'sk
w/wDk pfDnk yb'sk w/o/ nZr/ HHH T[; w/ohnK rZbQK gb';hnK s/ w[V efjD bZrk,
ewbk Bk j't/ sKHHHJ/dK th prkfBnK tKr nkJhd? ed/ nkgD/ xo HHH fJj s/
o/ pkp/ dh fBPkBh J/ HHH sz{ ed/ th nk ;ed?A fJE/ HHH fe;/ g[ZSD iK dZ;D
dh e'Jh b'V BjhA.
wzB/Q uku/ B/ dZf;nk, got/I
pVk tZvk ebkeko n?, BkNe y/vdk
ofjzd?, ;fGnkukoe gq'rokwK ftu
tZX^uVQ e/ fjZ;k b?Ad?, s? d/y e/
w{v ftu nk frnk. j[D gsk bZrk
wzBQk ukuk u[Zg feT[A p?mk ;h, T[j
sK wI/ b? fojk ;h, got/i dh
n?efNzr d/ HHH.

20
 sz{ e[M Bk g[ZS, vokwk sK J/BQK dh fIzdrh n? HH. got/I dh p/rw n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

B/ dZf;nk. d"bsykB/ Lxo, mfjoD

got/I B/ fJe tko c/o w? x[ZN fbnk. ;'|/ s/ pfjD ;w/A th w? nkgD/ dh EK

Bkb uzp/Vh ofynk. s? gs?, nZi w?A ehjdk o'b ehsk HHH < tzv^tzvJhnk Ltzfvnk frnk

fJj eh gsk j'D? HHH fJj sK tzv s'A wro'A j'fJn? HHH, wzBQ/ B/ T[j
N'efdnK fejk.
fJj s/o/ pkp/ dk o'b ;h, uku/ ns/ w[jZb/ d/ g[okD/ b'eK s'A ;[D e/ w?A
T[jd/ feodko ftu nkgD/ nkg Ykb fbn? HHH id pj[sk y[P j[zBk sK fJ;
feodko ftu nk ikBk HHH J/; feodko B/ w/oh P'jos pj[s tXk fdZsh J/ HH.
j[D sK b'e w? got/i dh EK gzfvs eow uzd jh efjD bZr gJ/ B/. T[jdk
g'sk HHH T[jdk nkgDk \{B uZb e/ nZi nkgD/ d"bs\kB/ ftu nkfJnk J/ HHH
e'Jh BIokBk sK g/P eoBk jh ;h.
T[j pj[s fdbdko ;h, :koK dk :ko, fJj' fijk pzdk bZGDk fes/ HHH <
wzBQ/ uku/ B/ fejk.
got/I dh PoXk d/y w/ohnK nZyK u'A nZEo{ feoB bZr/, ewbk Bk j't/
sK HHH n?t/A BjhA o'Jhdk HHH eh j'fJnk i/ tzv^tzvJhnk j' frnk HHH wBZ[yh foPs/
sK BjhA pdbd/ HHH nZi th n;hA fJe jK HHH.
got/I B/ w? T[go s'A EZb/ se ;kok xo fdykfJnk. fJj s/o/ pkp/ dh
p?me ;h HHH T[j fJE/ jh p?md/ ;B, okfinK tKr, rbh^w[jZb/ ftu g{ok o'jp
;h T[; dk, got/I B/ T[;dk Nq/bo fdyk Jh fdZsk J/ HHH, wzBQ/ uku/ dh ew?ANoh
th Bkb^Bkb ubdh ojh.
fJj' fij/ gb pV/ :kdrkoh jz[d/ B/ < pI[or B/ fNZgDh ehsh.
c/o sK pJh tkeJh fJj s/o/ ihtB dh nb'ekoh xNBk n? HHH, Bkb p?mh
;tkoh B/ fejk.
T[j fet/A HHH < \ksodkoh sK j'oBK B/ th ehsh J/ HHH. d{ih ;tkoh
B/ fejk.
feT[Afe j'o EktK s/ fJjd/ nZr/ T[j pzdk BjhA ;h nkfJnk fi; B/ \[d
fJjd/ pkp/ d/ feodko ftu Ykb fbnk j't/. j[D got/I B/ nkgDh n?efNzr
Bkb T[; fiT{Adk oZyD ftu e'Jh e;o pkeh BjhA ofjD fdZsh. pI[or B/
I'odko soe fdZsk.
s[;hA ;jh cowkfJn?, w? T[E/ nkgD/ pkp/ d/ doPB j'J/ HHH T[j

21
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE got/I d/ ntsko ftu fiT[Adk^ikrdk w/o/ ;kjwD/ nkD yb'sk HHH nZi th T[;
uzro
/ L tZvk N'eok, dk tk;k J/ HHH got/I, T[; dh p/rw, wzBQk ukuk s/ j'o b'eK d/ u/fsnK dh
ftPkb uzr/o ftu HHH T[BQK gbK ftu w?A th |oP'A noP s/ g[Zi frnk ;K.
:kdkPs
NKrk bzv/ pkIko dh ;kjwDh ;Ve s'A bzx fojk ;h sK nukBe fgSbh ;hN
M[oVhnK L tZN, fYbfenk
wk; s/ fJe gk;/ j[D se u[Zg p?mh n"os dh nktkI ;[DkJh fdZsh, p/Nk
p[oe/ L g{o/ ;oho fJE/ o'ehA Iok. o'fjs B/ j?okBh Bkb fgZS/ d/fynk. T[j n"os f;o s'A g?oK se
YeD tkbh p[oe/ ftu Yeh j'Jh ;h HHH pkjK dhnK M[oVhnK T[; dh pI[orh do;kT[D bJh
g"Pke
ekch ;B. T[j j/mK T[soh, ;Ve d/ yZp/ gk;/ yb'sh fezB{nK dh o/jVh gk; rJh.
Xkj L ftobkg,
feZdK d/ foj?A fezB{ HHH <
Gkt[esk
d; o[gJ/ d/ gziHHH. o/jVh tkb/ B/ fejk.
bzv/ pkIko L bkj"o d/ fJe
pkIko dk BK ;'jD/ fij/ d; fezB{ SKN d/ HHH. pI[or n"os B/ fezB{ tkb/ nkjo/
bkT[AfdnK jZE d/ fJPko/ Bkb o'fjs j/mK ;Zfdnk.
o'fjs NKr/ s'A T[so fezB{nK dh o/jVh e'b yb'sh pI[or nzwK e'b
frnk. nzwk B/ Xkj rbteVh gkJh, T[; dk f;o gb'f;nk, wZEk u[zfwnk, w[V
Sksh Bkb bkfJnk s/ T[; d/ wz{j s/ fgnko Gfonk jZE c/ofdnK fejk, wK
;de/, tkoh iktK, nkgD/ ;'jD/ fij/ g[Zs s'A. o'fjs Gkt/A ni/ se n;b
rZb dh ;wM BjhA ;h gJh go nzwk dh Sksh Bkb bZrD s/ T[; fBZx dk
nfj;k; Io{o j'fJnk fijVk xo dh tZvh pI[or dh Sksh Bkb bZrD s/ j[zdk
j?. nzwk dh o'Djkeh nktkI ;[D T[j nkgD/ s/ ekp{ BjhA oZy ;fenk HHH T[;
nzwk d/ r'vhA^jZE bkT[D ftu d/o BjhA bkJh.
w?A s/o/ BkBfenK d/ fgzv bKXVk dh jK, nzwk B/ fJj efjzfdnK o/jVh
tkb/ s'A fezB{nK dk E?bk fbnk s/ o'fjs d/ jZE cVkT[AfdnK fejk, BkBh dk
fgnko b?Adk ik HHH.
nP'e tkf;Pm

fN~gDh
nP'e tkf;Pm dh ejkDh BkBh dk fgnko tkoskbkg dh ftXh okjhA
nozG j[zdh j? s/ o'fjs BK dk gkso bkj"o c/oh d/ ;w/A dhnK :kdK skIhnK
eodk j?. NKr/ dh nb'g j' ojh ;tkoh pko/ o"ue ikDekoh b/ye B/ fdZsh j?.
o'fjs dh bkj"o c/oh ;w/A w[;bwkB d[ekBdko tZb'A jwtsB dh nkT[^Grs
eoBh s/ g[okD/ r[nKYh d/ tZb'A g/P ehsh GkJhuko/ dh s;tho fJ; ejkDh ftu

22
iks^Xow ekoB j' oj/ |;kdK s'A d{o ofjD dh g/qoBk d/Adh j?. ejkDh ftu
bkj"o d/ pkIkoK s/ o;fsnK dh ihtzs g/Pekoh ehsh rJh j?. id'A o'fjs nkgD/
iZdh wekB ftu iKdk j? sK T[E/ nb'ekoh fdqP (xNBk) T[; vokT[Adk j? go
e[M ;w/A pknd T[; d/ wB ftu'A vo fBeb iKdk j?. T[j tfoQnK pknd th
nkgD/ dkdk ih dh :kd r?o Xow tkfbnK d/ fdb ftu tf;nk d/y e/ dzr
ofj iKdk j?. NKr/ ftu ;tko wod gksoK Bkb o'fjs dh rZbpks ftu ejkDh
nkgD/ nzsb/ gVkn T[~s/ g[Zidh j?. NKr/ ftu ;tko ykw'P p[oekXkoh n"os
B/ NKrk o[etk e/ fezB{ yohd/ s/ o'fjs fJj efj e/ fdZs/ fe T[; dk fgzv
T[jh j?, fijVk o'fjs dh BkBh dk ;h s/ fJj BkBh dk fgnko j?. fJ; soQK
fJj ejkDh ;ojZdK d/ nko^gko d/ b'eK$t;BheK dh g[okDh ;KM g/P eodh
j?. b/ye dh GkPk o'ue j? s/ feXo/^feXo/ m/m gzikph s/ T[od{ d/ PpdK dh
tos'A th ehsh j'Jh j?.
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) o'fjs fejVh ;tkoh eoe/ wIk nk fojk ;h <
(ii) NKr/ ftu ;tko nZXyV ftnesh feE'A dk izwgb ;h <
(iii) o'fjs dh ;G s'A gfjbK gqkj[Dkukoh fe; B/ s/ fet/A ehsh <
(iv) d'Xh^gfotko Bkb o'fjs d/ gfotko dh fej' fijh ;KM ;h < bkj"o
nk e/ o'fjs fJ; gfotko Bkb fwb e/ eh wfj;{; j'fJnk <
(v) nkgD/ dkd/ d/ g[Ps?Bh wekB ftu gj[zu e/ o'fjs Bkb eh xNBk
tkgoh < nkgD/ PpdK ftu fby'.
(vi) NKr/ ftu e"D^e"D ;tko ;h <
(vii) p[ZYh nzwk B/ o'fjs fezB{ feT[A b? e/ fdZs/ <
(viii) fJ; ejkDh s'A ;k eh f;Zfynk fwbdh j? <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) Gkos dh tzv dk ;G s'A fInkdk n;o fejV/ gqKs d/ b'eK
T[~s/ fgnk<
(ii) gzikph GkPk dhnK T[g^GkPktK d/ BK fby'. fJj fejV/^fejV/ fJbke/
ftu p'bhnK iKdhnK jB < ikDekoh fdU.

23
 (iii) eh d/P dhnK ;ojZdK dh tzv b'eK d/ fdbK tzv ;edh j? < nkgD/
xo d/ pI[orK Bkb ftuko ;KM/ eoe/ T[~so fby'.
(iv) BkBh dk fgnko ejkDh s'A s[jk eh f;Zfynk fwbh. fJ; soQK dh
e'Jh xNBk s[jkv/ Bkb th tkgoh j't/rh iK xo d/ fe;/ w?Apo B/
s[jk ;[DkJh j't/rh. nfijh xNBk nkgD/ PpdK ftu fby'.

nH nP[~X PpdK P[~X eo' L

nZdyV, w[ykfst, ibAXo, bzr[fNnk, gzxk, P'jos, w'ek, gAvs

JH gkm d/ nXko T[~s/ j/m fby/ w[jktfonK tkeK ftu pdb' L

rd^rd j'Dk, xo f;o s/ u[ZeDk, x'V/ t/u e/ ;"Dk, uoB X' e/ ghDk,
dk} bZrDk

;H j/m fby/ tkeK ft;okw fuzBQ brkT[ L

(i) tkj pJh tkj s[;hA ibzXo s'A j'
(ii) o'fjs d/P ftu eh fgnk j?
(iii) gkfe;skB d/ b'eK B/ o'fjs dk wz{j w[bkjIk oZfynk
(iv) o'fjs NKr/ s/ p?m e/ fJbke/ u x[zw fojk ;h
(v) got/I B/ o'fjs fejk sz{ ;kvk nkgDk j?A

24
 Jhno |'B

p/Nk j[D sK Jhno |'B SZv fdU, pj[s j' frnk d' xzN/ j' rJ/ B/ rkD/ ;[Dd/
, j[D wB th Go frnk j't/rk.
whBkePh dh wzwh B/ e'b nk e/ fejk.
wzwh s[;hA sK jo t/b/ N'ed/ ofjzd/ j'. ;t/o s'A d[gfjo she ;e{b dh
gVQkJh eoe/ EZe iKdh jK, j[D i/eo w?A rkD/ Bk ;[Dk sK j'o eh eoKe'Jh
j? th BjhA fi; Bkb w?A e'Jh r/w y/v ;eK.
whBkePh B/ wZE/ tZN gkT[AfdnK fejk.
w/ok wsbp j? pj[sh d/o rkD/ BjhA ;[Dhd/, sz{ n\pko gVQdh s/ NhHthH t/ydh
j? Bk, eh dZ;d/ B/ T[j ed/ ;'funk j?, nk w?A s/o/ Bkb e?ow p'ov y/vdh jK.
whBkePh dh wzwh fBPk B/ T[; gb';fdnK fejk.
wK Xh e?ow p'ov y/vfdnK ni/ d; e[ fwzN jh j'J/ ;B fe T[; d/
xo dh xzNh tZih. whBkePh dh wzwh B/ t/fynk fe T[; dh ;j/bh g{Bw T[;
fwbD nkJh j?. whBkePh B/ T[; vokfJzr o{w ftu fpmkfJnk ns/ nkg
ukj pDkT[D ubh rJh. T[Xo whBkePh Jhno |'B s/ rkD/ ;[DB dk w"ek
fwb frnk. n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

fBPk ns/ g{Bw ukj dhnK u[;ehnK d/ Bkb^Bkb rZbK th eo ojhnK ;B N'ed/ Lo'ed/,
fe fBPk B/ g{Bw e'b Jhno |'B dh rZb eofdnK rZb S/Vh fe T[; dh p/Nh wBQK eod/
whBkePh ;kok fdB Jhno |'B wZE/ tZN
gkT[AfdnK Lr[Z;k eofdnK
dk yfjVk BjhA SZvdh. nZr'A
g{Bw B/ nkgD/ p/N/ pko/ dZf;nk n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
fe T[j th ;kok fdB Jhno |'B
gb';fdnK L fgnko
fuzpfVnk ofjzdk j?. nZX/ e[
eofdnK
xzN/ pknd fiT[A jh g{Bw fBPk
u[;ehnK L x[ZN GoBk
d/ xo'A fBebh sK T[; ;w/A fuzpfVnk L Bkb bfrnk,
whBkePh d/ gkgk xo nk rJ/. i[fVnk

25
u"e L j?okB T[BQK B/ nzdo ik e/ t/fynk fe whBkePh Jhno |'B brk e/, nZyK pzd eoe/
jbhwh L fBwosk fet/A w;sh ftu M{w ojh j?. whBkePh d/ gkgk u[Zgukg e[o;h s/ p?m e/ ;G
e[M t/yd/ oj/. gzi e[ fwzN pknd id'A whBkePh B/ nZyK y'jbhnK sK T[j nkgD/
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
gkgk ;kjwD/ e[o;h s/ p?fmnK t/y e/ u"Ae rJh.
|;N L gfjbk ;EkB gkgk, s[;hA ed'A nkJ/, w? gsk jh BjhA bZfrnk. whBkePh B/ j?okBh
bfjoK^pfjoK Ly[Ph Sk ikDh
Bkb fejk.
fr|N L s'j|k
E'VQk jh ;wK j'fJnk j? nkfJnK .
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE w[nk| eoBk gkgk, w?A s[jk t/fynk jh BjhA.
sK jh d[Bhnk ijkB s'A p/ypo ;h. gkgk B/ ftnzr eZf;nk.
t/y' p/Nk, ;kok fdB Jhno |'B ezBK s/ BjhA brkT[Dk ukjhdk, fJ; Bkb
;[DB^Pesh ewI'o j[zdh j?, Bkb/ ni/ s/oh T[wo jh eh j?. whBkePh d/ gkgk
B/ fgnko Bkb ;wMkfJnk.
;"oh gkgk, w?A nZr'A s[jkvhnK ejhnK rZbK dk fXnkB oZyKrh. whBkePh
B/ jbhwh Bkb fejk.
whBkePh d/ wzwh^gkgk T[; d/ Jhno |'B dh tos'A gqsh pj[s go/PkB ;B.
T[BQK B/ eJh tko r[Z;/ Bkb efj e/ th t/y fbnk, gzqs{ fJe nZXk fdB jh
whBkePh s/ n;o j[zdk ;h wro'A fco T[jh jkb j' iKdk ;h. whBkePh pkotQhA
iwks ftu gVQdh ;h. fJ; eoe/ T[; fgnko Bkb ;wMkT[Dk jh mhe
;h. whBkePh gVQkJh ftu pj[s j[fPnko ;h. T[j jo tko gfjb/ Bzpo s/
nkT[Adh ;h. whBkePh d/ ;kbkBk g/go th nk rJ/. go T[; s/ fco th Jhno
|'B dk G{s ;tko ;h. nZXh^nZXh oks she Jhno |'B brk e/ rkD/ ;[Ddh
ofjzdh ;h. id ed/ T[; d/ wzwh^gkgk ;kjwD/ nk iKd/ sK T[j Jhno |'B
jNk b?Adh. T[BQK d/ ikD wro'A fco |'B
ezBK s/ Xo b?Adh. g/go \sw j'D wro'A
whBkePh nkgDh G{nk d/ xo ubh rJh.
T[; bJh sK bfjoK^pfjoK bZr rJhnK.
T[E/ T[j p/o'e^N'e Jhno |'B ;[DB bZrh.
G{nk E'VQh^pj[s BKj^B[Zeo sK eodh, go
whBkePh feZE/ o[eD tkbh ;h. ny/gzuK
dk fejk f;o wZE/, goBkbk T[E/ dk T[E/.
ek|h fdBK pknd pkotQhA dk Bshik

26
nkT[D wro'A whBkePh d/ wzwh^gkgk T[; T[; dh G{nk d/ xo'A b? nkJ/. jkd;/ L wkVh xNBk,
d[oxNBk
gkgk, w?A |;N nkJh jK, fJ; tko th, n?t/A s[;hA s/ wzwh w? ;kok fdB
p/fMie L fpBK o[ e ktN
N'ed/ ofjzd/ ;h fe Jhno |'B SZv d/ gVQkJh \okp j[zdh j?. j'Jh n? e'Jh \okp s'A, fBo;zd/j
gVQkJh. whBkePh B/ nkgD/ nzdkI ftu fejk. nfj;k; L gsk bZrDk
p/Nk ih, n;hA sK j[D th efjzd/ jK fe Jhno |'B brkT[D s/ ;[DB^ M{odh L gSskT[Adh,
Pesh ewI'o j[zdh j?. whBkePh d/ gkgk B/ fco ;wMkfJnk.
nZSk gkgk j[D dZ;' w? eh fr|N fdUr/ < s[;hA fejk ;h fe i/eo |;N
nkJ/Arh sK wz{j^wzfrnk fr|N fwb{rk. whBkePh B/ T[s;[esk Bkb fejk.
Io{o fwb/rk fr|N, dZ;' eh b?Dk J/.
BtK w'pkJhb.
tkndk eo' fe Jhno |'B BjhA ;[D/Arh.
xo g[Zi e/ T[;/ fdB whBkePh BtK w'pkJhb fwb frnk. whBkePh d/
iBw fdB nkT[D ftu thj e[ fdB pkeh ofj rJ/ ;B. T[; B/ gfjbK jh nkgD/
wzwh^gkgk dZ; fdZsk ;h fe T[j fJ; tko iBw fdB d/ w"e/ s/ ;kohnK ;j/
bhnK xo p[bk e/ gkoNh d/t/
rh. fJ; eoe/ vokfJzr o{w d/
god/, ;'ck ;?~N d/ eto ns/
j'o ;iktNh ;wkB th BtK
fbnKdk ikt/rk. fJe fdB ;wkB
dh yohddkoh bJh T[j pIko
ub/ rJ/. eko gkofezr ftu
brk e/ pkIko tZb ikD bZr/ sK
whBkePh B/ ;[Gkte jh Jhno
|'B ezBK ftu brk fbnk. T[;
d/ wzwh^gkgk B/ wBQK eoBk ukfjnk. go whBkePh d/ w{v t/y e/ u[Zg tZN
rJ/. nrb/ w'V s/ whBkePh d/ wzwh^gkgk sK ;Ve gko eo rJ/ go whBkePh
fgZS/ ofj rJh. T[; B/ nkgDh w;sh ftu fiT[A jh ;Ve gko eoBh ukjh sK
T[; dh w'No;kfJeb Bkb NZeo j' rJh. whBkePh IwhB s/ w{X/ wz{j fvZr
gJh. T[~uh^T[~uh uheK wkoB bZrh s/ T[; dh ;Zih bZs bj{^b[jkB j'Jh gJh
;h. fJ; jkd;/ t/y e/ pkIko ftu ek|h GhV fJeZmh j' rJh. J/B/
whBkePh d/ wzwh^gkgk nk rJ/. T[BQK ;wM BjhA nk fojk ;h fe eh ehsk

27
 n|;'; eodh, ikt/. T[BQK B/ foeP/ s/ fpmk e/ whBkePh gkofezr she fbnKdk. T[j T[;
fBokP j[zdh
j;gskb b? rJ/. j;gskb ftu vkeNoK B/ iKu s'A pkd dZf;nk fe whBkePh
B;hjsK L wZsK, f;Zfynk,
;bkjK, T[gd/P
dh bZs dh jZvh N[ZN rJh j?. T[; s/ gbZ;so brk fdZsk frnk. whBkePh d/
nVhnb wzwh^gkgk gsk ;h fe fJj jkd;k T[; d/ Jhno |'B ekoB jh tkgfonk j?.
otZJhnk L ;\s fttjko gbZ;so brkT[D s'A pknd whBkePh j;gskb s'A xo nk rJh. jkd;/ dh \po
s"pk L wkV/ eowK ;[DfdnK jh T[BQK d/ nKYh^r[nKYh ns/ j'o foPs/dko gsk b?D bJh nkT[D bZr/
fsnkr d/D dh s/ T[j jkd;/ dk ekoB g[ZSD bZr/. whBkePh B/ p/fMie j' e/ ;G dZ; fdZsk
gqfsZfrnk
fe T[j Jhno |'B brk e/ rkD/ ;[DfdnK j'fJnK w;sh ftu ;Ve gko eo ojh
;h ns/ T[; dh nkgDh }bsh Bkb jh fJj jkd;k j'fJnk j?.
j[D whBkePh gSskn ojh ;h. wzwh^gkgk dh rZb Bk wzBD ekoB j'Jh jkBh
s/ nzdo'A^nzdo nkgD/^nkg e'; ojh ;h. r[Z;/ ftu whBkePh B/ nkgDk
Jhno |'B ;[ZN fdZsk. Bkb jh wzwh^gkgk s'A w[nk|h wzrh. whBkePh mhe j'D
ftu fszB wjhB/ bZr rJ/. fJ; d"okB T[j wB jh wB ftu nkgDh }bsh s/
M{odh ojh. wzwh^gkgk dhnK Jhno |'B Bk brkT[D ;pzXh gfjbK fdZshnK
B;hjsK Bk wzBD ns/ nkgD/ nVhnb otZJhJ/ dhnK rZbK :kd eoe/ T[; Pow
nkT[D bZrh. ;r'A T[j sK j[D nkgD/ d';sK th B;hjsK d/D bZrh. j[D T[;
;wM nk rJh ;h fe jZd'A tZX fe;/ uhI dh tos'A B[e;kBdkfJe j' ;edh j?.
whBkePh B/ nZr'A nfijh }bsh eoB s'A s"pk ehsh.
pbftzdo f;zx ;'Yh

fN~gDh
nZi d/ wkj"b ftu ;kvh B"itkB ghVQh Jhno |'B dh jZd s'A fInkdk tos'A
eoB bZrh j'Jh j?. jo gk;/ ;k w[zv/^e[VhnK ne;o ezBK ftu Jhno |'B
brk e/ rkD/ ;[Dd/ BIo nkT[Ad/ jB. T[BQK T[; ;w/A nkgDh e'Jh ;[ZX^p[ZX
BjhA j[zdh. fJ; ejkDh ftu dZf;nk frnk j? fe i' pZu/ tZfvnK dh rZb
BIo nzdkI eoe/ nkgDh wBwoIh eod/ jB. T[j pknd ftu jw/Pk gSskT[Ad/
jB. fJ; ejkDh d/ ftu whBkePh d/ fposKs okjhA dZf;nk frnk j? fe T[j
tko^tko Jhno |'B dh tos'A eoB s'A BjhA o[edh. n\ho ftu J/;/ p[oh nkds
ekoB id'A T[; dh bZs N[ZN iKdh j? sK T[; wfj;{; jz[dk j? fe T[; B/ wkfgnK
dh rZb s/ fXnkB Bk d/ e/ Jhno |'B ;[DBk ikoh ofynk ns/ T[j j[D T[;
dk Bshik G[rs ojh j?.

28
 nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) wzwh^gkgk, whBkePh fe; rZb s'A o'ed/ ;B <
(ii) eh whBkePh Jhno |'B dh tos'A eoe/ |/b j' rJh ;h <
(iii) whBkePh dh wK T[; Bkb eh y/vDk ukj[zdh ;h <
(iv) pkotQhA iwks dk Bshik nkT[D T[gozs wzwh^gkgk, whBkePh feZE'A
b? e/ nkJ/ ;B <
(v) gk; j'D d/ s'j|/ ti'A whBkePh B/ wzwh^gkgk s'A ed'A s/ fejVh uhI
dh wzr ehsh <
(vi) ejkDh ftu jkd;k tkgoB dk w[Zy ekoB eh ;h < fJ; pko/ ft;sko
;fjs d;'.

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) eh s[;hA nkg ed/ Jhno |'B dh jZd s'A tZX tos'A ehsh j? < nkgDk
sIopk fpnkB eo'.
(ii) ejkDh ftu Jhno |'B d/ p[o/ gqGkt dZ;/ rJ/ jB < eh s[;hA fJ;
d/ e[M |kfJd/ dZ; ;ed/ j' <
(iii) eh s[;hA fJ; rZb Bkb ;fjws j' fe Jhno |'B dh tX/o/ tos'A
Bkb ;[DB^Pesh gqGkts j[zdh j? < nkgD/ ftukoK Bkb nkgD/ fwZso
fet/A gqGkfts eo'r/ < 10^10 ;ztkd fby'.
(iv) Jhno |'B dh tos'A Bkb ;wki ftu tkgodhnK xNBktK d/ jtkb/
Bkb fJe b/y fby'.

nH j/m fby/ tkeK P[~X eoe/ fby' L

(i) wzwh^gkgk pkIko iKdk j?.
(ii) Jhno |'B whBkePh ;[Ddh j?.
(iii) vkeNo B/ whBkePh p[bkfJnk.
(iv) dZf;nk T[; B/ w?A phHJ/H eo bJh j?.
(v) whBkePh wzwh^gkgk nkgD/ Bkb j"bh^j"bh d[Zy ;[Zy c'b ojh ;h.

29
JH j/m fby/ tkeK d/ w[jkto/ pDkT[ L
(i) ;ZN bZrD wro'A whBkePh jZE x;kT[Adh ofj rJh.
(ii) wzwh^gkgk dhnK B;hjsK Bkb whBkePh d/ ezBK T[go i{z th BjhA
;oedh ;h.
(iii) whBkePh w{jo/ wkfgnK dh dkb BjhA rb ojh ;h.
(iv) wzwh^gkgk d/ ;[nkb g[ZSD T[go whBkePh nkgD/ g?oK T[~s/ gkDh BjhA
g?D fdzdh ;h.

;H j/m fby/ tkeK ftu'A :'ie dh gSkD eoe/ T[; dh fe;w d~;' L
(i) whBkePh fiZdh ;h fJ; bJh rZb BjhA wzBdh ;h. HHH HHH
(ii) jkd;k fJzBk \soBke ;h fe whBkePh dh bZs N[ZN rJh. HHH HHH
(iii) Gkt/A whBkePh j[fPnko j? go fIZdh j?. HHH HHH
(iv) wzwh^gkgk whBkePh fJzM ;wMk oj/ ;B fit/A T[j Bk;wM j't.
/ HHH HHH
(v) whBkePh nkgD/ ehs/ dk |b fwb frnk ;h. sK jh sK T[j
;[u/s j' rJh ;h. HHH HHH

30
 d[PwDh

tzdBk B/ }wfbnK ftu e[wbkJ/ j'J/ p{fNnK tZb t/fynk. t/y e/ T[jdk fujok
th e[wbk frnk. T[jd/ fdb ftu fit/A ezvk u[ZG frnk j't/. p{N/ eZbQ Bkb'A j'o
fInkdk ghb/ ns/ wohnb fd; oj/ ;B. jo/ gZs/ ghb/ j' oj/ ;B ns/ ghb/
gZs/ ;[Ze e/ MV oj/ ;B. fJj ;G e[M T[jdhnK nZyK ;kjwD/ j' fojk ;h.
T[j fgSb/ eJh fdBK s'A o'IkBk t/ydh nk ojh ;h. T[j ;t/o/^Pkw SZs T[~s/
gkDh dh N?Aeh t/yD nkT[Adh fe T[j Go rJh fe BjhA. go SZs T[~s/ uko/ gk;/
gJ/ }wb/ ns/ T[jBK ftZu bZr/ p{N/ T[jdk fXnkB fyZud/. i{B wjhB/ dh rowh
ftu p{fNnK dk p[ok jkb j' fojk ;h. T[jdk fdb eodk fe T[j }wfbnK
gkDh Bkb Go d/t/. fco T[j T[~s/ n;wkB tb t/ydh. n;wkB T[~s/ ed/
fJek^d[Zek pZdb fd;d/ s/ ed/ pZdbK dh Gowko. T[j ikgdk PkfJd nZi whAj
nk ikt/ ns/ T[j }wfbnK u gkDh Bk jh gkT[Dk gt/. NhHthH s/ o'I whAj
g?D dh ;zGktBk dhnK \poK nkT[AdhnK. T[j ;'udh PkfJd nZi whAj nk ikt/
s/ p{N/ ;[ZeD' pu ikD.
fJj ;ko/ }wb/ nouBk d/ ;B. nouBk u'gVk N"g cb'o T[~s/ ofjzdh
;h. T[j c[ZbK^p{fNnK dk P"e ;h. T[j SZs s/ N?o/; rkovB pDkT[Dk ukj[zdh
;h. fJ; bJh T[jB/ pj[s ;ko/ }wfbnK
ftu c[Zb^p{N/ bk e/ SZs T[~s/ ;ik oZy/ n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

;B. fJjBK s'A fJbktk nkgD/ p{j/ s'A b? e[wbkJ/ L w[oMkJ/, ;[Ze/
e/ N?o/; se iKdhnK g"VhnK T[~s/ th ezX wohnb L ewI'o
d/ Bkb^Bkb }wb/ fNekJ/ j'J/ ;B. fJj
vhHvhHJ/H d/ fszB wzIb/ cb?N ;B. IwhBh
wzIb s'A b? e/ shih wzIb se ;G
dhnK gkDh dhnK N?AehnK N?o/; s/ oZyhnK
j'JhnK ;B. tzdBk B/ fJe tkX{ N?Aeh
SZs s/ oZy SZvh ;h. fi; ftu T[j

31
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE }wfbnK tk;s/ gkDh iwQK
Gowko L pj[s fInkdk eo e/ oydh. id'A gkDh nk
s/ L T[~s/ fojk j[zdk sK T[j gkJhg bk
N"g L ;G s'A T[go e/ T[; N?Aeh Go b?Adh s/
nKY^r[nKY L nkbk^d[nkbk, fco T[; ftu'A }wfbnK
r[nKY, gV";
gkDh fdzdh ofjzdh.
tzdBk GkNhnk T[jBK d/
j/m d{ih wzIb T[~s/ ofjzdh
;h. T[jBK dh nkg; ftZu
uzrh pDdh ;h. T[j SZs T[~s/
nkgDh N?Aeh t/yD nkT[Adh,
ed/ SZs T[~s/ pzBQhnK oZ;hnK s/ eZgV/ ;[ZeD/ gkT[D nkT[Adh iK ;[Ze/ eZgV/
T[skoD nkT[Adh. eJh tko nouBk T[j T[~E/ fwb iKdh. d't/A T[~E/ yVQhnK
rZbK eodhnK ofjzdhnK. ed/ c[Zb^p{fNnK pko/, ed/ pZfunK pko/ ns/ ed/
nKY^r[nKY pko/.
pZfunK dhnK rowhnK dhnK S[ZNhnK ftu nouBk nkgD/ gfotko
Bkb eJh fdBK tk;s/ fdZbh s'A gzikp ubh iKdh. iK T[j fes/ j'o x[zwD^
fcoB ub/ iKd/. nouBk ikD bZrh tzdBk efj iKdh, tzdBk, d' j|fsnK
bJh ik ojh jK. fgZS'A w/o/ gbKN; dk fXnkB oZyDk. gbhI T[jBK gkDh
fdzd/ ofjDk.
tzdBk nZr'A w[;eok e/ nkydh, sz{ f|eo Bk eo, s/o/ gbKN; dh
fIzw/tkoh j[D w/oh J/. w?A fJjBK ;[ZeD BjhA fdnKrh.
T[j ;Zuw[u T[jd/ p{fNnK o[IkBk gkDh fdzdh ojh. id'A }wfbnK bJh
oZyh N?Aeh ftu'A gkDh w[Ze iKdk sK T[j nkgDh N?Aeh ftu'A T[; N?Aeh Go
fdzdh. nouBk d/ gosD se p{fNnK jok^Gok oZydh.
fJj f;bf;bk uko e[ ;kb s'A ubdk nk fojk ;h, id'A s'A T[j fJZE/
nk e/ ofjD bZr/ ;B. fJj |b?N Bt/A pD/ ;B ns/ gzi toQ/ gfjbK jh
fJjBK dh nbkNw?AN j'Jh ;h. nouBk dk gsh ;ziht u'gVk ns/ tzdBk
dk gsh okj[b GkNhnk d't/A jh ;oekoh B"eoh ftu ;B, go tZy^tZy
wfjefwnK ftu.
j[D tzdBk }wfbnK ftub/ ;[Ze oj/ p{fNnK t/y e/ go/PkB j' ojh

32
;h. T[j }wfbnK gkDh BjhA gkT[Dk ukjz[dh feT[Afe j[D T[j rZb BjhA ojh. n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

T[jBK dh nkg; ftu nDpD j' rJh ;h. nDpD jh BjhA, ;r'A T[jBK gosD L tkg; nkT[D
dh bVkJh j' u[Zeh ;h. wkwbk g[fb; se g[Zfink ;h. fJjdk ekoD ;h wfjefwnK L ftGkrK
gkDh dh N?Aeh. fJjBK |b?NK dhnK SZsK T[~s/ oZyhnK gkDh dhnK N?AehnK nDpD L bVkJh MrVk
gzi^gzi ;" bhNo dhnK ;B. gkDh dh ;gbkJh f;o| ;[pQk fJe t/b/ jh ;[pkQ L ;t/o/

nkT[Adh ns/ gq?Po th pj[s xZN jz[dk. SZs se gkDh g[Zidk jh BjhA ;h. feZbs L xkN, ewh,
E[VQ
fJ; bJh ;GBK B/ jIko bhNo dh fJe^fJe N?Aeh cb?NK d/ fgZS/ EZb/ jh
oZy e/ w'No^gzg bkJ/ j'J/ ;B. ;[pQk N?AehnK Go bJhnK iKdhnK. SZs
tkbhnK N?AehnK ykbh j'D s/ w'No ubk e/ EZb/ tkbhnK N?AehnK ftu'A Go
bJhnK iKdhnK.
rowhnK ftu eJh tko gkDh dh feZbs nk iKdh. fe;/ fdB fpibh d/
eZN ekoD iK fe;/ j'o tiQk eoe/ ;gbkJh Bk nkT[Adh sK w[Pfeb j' iKdh.
tzdBk d/ xo fJj w[Peb tX/o/ nkT[Adh. T[jBK dk gfotko tZvk ;h. T[jd/
d' pZfunK s'A fJbktk ;Z;^;j[ok ns/ fJe fdUo th T[jBK d/ Bkb ofjzd/ ;B.
eJh tko wfjwkB nk iKd/ sK w[Pfeb j'o tX iKdh. fJ; eoe/ tzdBk ns/
T[jd/ gsh B/ ;bkj pDkJh fe SZs tkbh gzi ;" bhNo dh N?Aeh jNk e/ T[~E/
fJe jIko bhNo dh N?Aeh oZy d/D.
T[j fJe S[ZNh tkb/ fdB BthA gbk;fNe dh N?Aeh \ohd fbnkJ/. gbzpo
;Zd fbnk frnk. id'A N?Aeh fcZN eoB bZr/ sK nouBk gsk BjhA eh
j' frnk. PkfJd T[j N"g cb'o s/ ofjD eoe/ nkgD/ nkg SZs dh wkbeD
;wMD bZr gJh ;h. T[; s'A fJj podkPs Bk j'fJnk fe e'Jh T[jBK fpBK
g[ZS/ jh SZs T[~s/ N?Aeh bk fojk j?. T[jB/ SZs T[~s/ nk e/ T[jBK N?Aeh bkT[D
s'A o'eD bJh bVBk P[o{ eo fdZsk, s[;hA fJj N?Aeh BjhA bk ;ed/. w?A s[jk
fJj N?Aeh BjhA bkD fdnKrh. T[j T[~uh^T[~uh p'bD bZrh.
tzdBk ns/ T[jdk gsh j?okB ofj rJ/. T[jBK B/ sK ;'funk th BjhA
;h fe nouBk T[jBK Bkb bVB nk ikt/rh. T[jBK B/ T[; ;wMkT[D dh
pj[s e'fPP ehsh. tzdBk dk gsh ;ziht p'fbnk, n;hA d' N?AehnK BjhA
bk oj/. n;hA nkgDh S'Nh N?Aeh jNk e/ T[; dh irQk s/ jh BthA N?Aeh
bk oj/ jK. tzdBk sob/ eodh j'Jh nky ojh ;h, ny/ fi; sB bkr/,
;' sB ikD/.
nouBk B/ fJe Bk ;[Dh. T[j T[;/ soQK o"bk gkT[Adh ojh. fco T[jB/ |'B

33
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE eoe/ nkgD/ gsh okj[b
fXoK L XfVnK, i[ZNK ;Zd fbnk, i' T[; t/b/ pkIko
p'bukb L rZbpks frnk j'fJnk ;h. fco T[j
gsh^gsBh d't/A T[jBK Bkb
bVB bZr/. o"bk ;[D e/ j'o
nKYh^r[nKYh th SZs s/ nk
rJ/. T[jBK B/ th d'jK fXoK
u[Zg eokT[D dh e'fPP ehsh.
go okj[b p'fbnk, c"oB BthA
N?Aeh fJZE'A jNk fdU, BjhA sK
w?A g[fb; p[bk btKrk.
;ziht ns/ tzdBk B/ N?Aeh jNkT[D s'A wBQK eo fdZsk. okj[b B/ ;Zuw[u |'B
eoe/ g[fb; p[bk fbnk. g[fb; nk rJh. ;ziht dh N?Aeh g[fb; d/ nkT[D
s'A gfjbK jh bZr u[Zeh ;h. g[fb; B/ d'tK fXoK dh rZb ;[Dh. T[jBK t/fynk
fe okj[b T[jBK dh BthA tZvh N?Aeh jNkT[Dk ukjz[dk j?, id'A fe nkg T[jB/
fJe j'o N?Aeh }wfbnK gkDh d/D bJh SZs s/ oZyh j'Jh j?. g[fb; tkfbnK
B/ d'tK ;wMkfJnk ns/ T[jBK dk ;wM"sk eotk fdZsk. ;ziht dh N?Aeh T[;/
soQK bZrh ofjD fdZsh rJh.
Gkt/A T[jBK dk ;wM"sk j' frnk. d'tK B/ g[fb; d/ ;kjwD/ jZE fwbk bJ/
;B. go T[jBK d'tK gfotkoK ftu gfjbK tkbk w/b^fwbkg Bk fojk. T[jBK
dh p'bukb pzd j' rJh.
fJ; rZb uko^gzi wjhB/ j' rJ/ ;B. j[D rowhnK dhnK S[ZNhnK
nkJhnK sK fco okj[b u'gVk nkgD/ g{o/ gfotko Bkb fes/ pkjo ubk frnk.
fJ; tko ikD s'A gfjbK Bk sK nouBk B/ tzdBk fJj dZf;nk fe T[j feZE/
ns/ fezB/ fdBK tk;s/ ik oj/ jB s/ Bk jh T[j c[Zb^p{fNnK gkDh gkT[D
bJh nkfynk.
tzdBk th fJ; rZb dk r[Z;k ;h fe nouBk T[; nkeV dh wkoh nky
e/ BjhA rJh. fJ; bJh T[j th p{fNnK gkDh BjhA d/t/rh. gfjbK sK T[jB/
;'funk fe PkfJd fe;/ d{i/ rtKYh efj rJh j't/rh. PkfJd e'Jh Bk e'Jh
nk e/ }wfbnK u gkDh gk ikt/rk. fco T[jB/ t/fynk fe fszB^uko fdB se
fe;/ B/ gkDh BjhA fdZsk. p{N/ e[wbk oj/ jB. T[j f|eowzd j' rJh. fco

34
T[j ;'udh ojh fe j' ;edk j? fJ; tko T[j S/sh tkg; nk ikD. fJe fdB n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

n;wkB s/ SkJh xNk t/y e/ T[; B/ ;'funk PkfJd nZi^Gbe whAj jh nk nkeV L jzeko, em'osk
ikt/ ns/ p{fNnK gkDh d/Dk jh Bk gt/. xNk L pZdb
fJe fdB T[jB/ nkgD/ gsh fejk, jkJ/ ` t/y' nouBk d/ ;ko/ gbKN; M[b; L ;VBk, w[ o Mk
;[Ze oj/ B/. e'Jh gkDh BjhA gk fojk. w?A sK nkg BjhA gKdh gkDh. w? fejVk ikDk
jZek^pZek L j?okB, nuzfGs
T[j efj e/ rJh J/. i/ T[jd/ u J/Bh nkeV J/ sK T[jd/ gbKN; ;kv/ eh
brd/ B/. ;[ed/ gJ/ B/ sK ;[ZeD ;k eh <
;ziht u[Zgukg ;[Ddk fojk ns/ fco T[j th T[jdh jK ftu jK fwbkT[Adk
p'fbnk, nkgK eh b?Dk J/ T[jd/ prhu/ s'A. ;[Ze ikD d/ goK ` T[d'A fet/A p'bdh
;h uto^uto ` HHH N?APB b?D dh e'Jh b'V BjhA.
go tzdBk SZs T[~s/ iKdh sK T[j ;[Ze oj/ p{fNnK t/y e/ so; nkT[D
brdk. go nrb/ jh gb T[j r[Z;k uVQ iKdk, w?A eh b?Dk J/.
brgr fJe j|sk j' frnk. Bk fe;/ rtKYh B/ p{fNnK gkDh gkfJnk,
Bk jh nouBk tkg; w[Vh ns/ Bk jh whAj nkfJnk. tzdBk B/ n;wkB tZb
t/fynk n;wkB ;k| ;h. pZdbK dk feXo/ Bkw'^fBPkB BjhA ;h. rowh Bkb
p{N/ M[b; rJ/ ;B. eJh S'N/ p{N/ fpbe[b ;[Ze rJ/ ;B. t/y e/ tzdBk s'A fojk
Bk frnk. T[j wB s'A pj[s fInkdk fdnkb{ ;h. T[; B/ wB jh wB ;'funk
n?t/A frZbk ghjD BjhA gkJhdk. uZb j'T{ SZv goQ/. T[jB/ N?Aeh e'b w{Xh gJh
pkbNh u[Zeh ns/ N?Aeh y'bQ e/ p{fNnK gkDh d/D bZr gJh.
id'A tzdBk ek|h fuo j' frnk sK ;ziht fuzsk j'D bZrh fe tzdBk
;[Ze/ eZgV/ T[skoB rJh ni/ se tkg; feT[A BjhA nkJh < tzdBk t/yD T[j
SZs T[~s/ nk frnk. T[j }wfbnK gkDh gk ojh tzdBk t/y e/ jZek^pZek
ofj frnk. fJ; s'A gfjbK fe T[j tzdBk e[M efjzdk, T[j ;ziht t/y
e/ p'bh, w?A ;'funk T[j sK j? Jh fJj'^fij/. nkgDh bVkJh sK T[jBK Bkb
j'Jh J/. fJjBK ftuko/ gbKN; Bkb sK ;kvh e'Jh d[PwDh BjhA.
;[D e/ ;ziht tkj ` tkj ` eodk w[;eokT[D bZfrnk.

fN~gDh
d[PwDh e[dos ;wofgs ejkDh j?. fJ; okjhA fdZbh tor/ wjKBroh
ihtB ftu g"fdnK dh wjZssk pk\{ph do;kT[D dk isB ehsk frnk j?.
fJ; d/ eEkBe nB[;ko d' gfotko fJ; d/ gkso jB. go fJj ejkDh nouBk

35
u'gVk s/ tzdBk GkNhnk d/ eko^ftjko d[nkb/ x[zwdh j?. d{i/ gk;/ c[Zb^p{N/ fJ;
d/ e/Ado ftu jB. T[go'es d't/A gkso g"fdnK fgnko eod/ jB. d'tK dh
nkg;h d';sh th pj[s r{VQh j?. nouBk B/ N?o/; (SZs) T[~go }wfbnK ftu
cZ[b^p{N/ bkJ/ j'J/ jB. gkDh Bkb g"fdnK dh ;KG^;zGkb eoe/ T[BQK d/ ftuko
ek|h fwbd/^i[bd/ jB. nouBk u'gVk dh }?o jkIoh ftu tzdBk T[; d/
gbKN; gkDh fdzdh j?. go SZs T[~go gkDh dh N?Aeh pdbD b? e/ d'tK
gfotkoK ftu MrVk j' iKdk j?. rZb g[fb; se gj[zu iKdh j?. j[D nouBk
dh }?o^jkIoh ftu tzdBk T[; d/ g"fdnK gkDh BjhA d/Dk ukjz[dh go
e[wbkT[Ad/ p{fNnK t/y e/ T[; dk wB g;hi iKdk j?. T[j p{fNnK gkDh
d/D bJh okIh j' iKdh j?.
pbftzdo f;zx pokV
nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) nouBk u'gVk fejV/ cb'o T[~s/ ofjzdh ;h <
(ii) tzdBk B/ SZs T[~go tkX{ N?Aeh feT[A oZyh j'Jh ;h <
(iii) nouBk ns/ tzdBk fwb e/ fej'^fijhnK rZbK eodhnK ;B <
(iv) d'tK r[nKYDK ftu nDpD dk eh ekoB ;h <
(v) s[;hA fJj N?Aeh BjhA bk ;ed/. w?A s[jk fJj N?Aeh BjhA bkD
fdnKrh. fJj Ppd fe; B/ fe; ej/ <
(vi) n;wkB ftu xNk SkT[D Bkb tzdBk d/ wB ftu fe; soQK d/ ftuko
g?dk j[zd/ jB <
(vii) g[fb; e"D p[bkT[Adk j? s/ feT[A <
(viii) tzdBk, g"fdnK gkDh feT[A d/D bJh okIh j' rJh <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) T[go'es ejkDh gVQ e/ s[jkv/ wB ftu fej' fij/ ftuko g?dk j'J/
jB < ft;sko ;fjs fby'.
(ii) eh s[;hA ed/ c[Zb^p{N/ brkJ/ jB < fJ; sIop/ nkgD/ PpdK
ftu fby'.

36
 (iii) ejkDh fXnkB Bkb gVQ e/ tzdBk s/ nouBk dh c[Zb^p{fNnK Bkb
r[Iodh fIzdrh pko/ fJe gq'i?eN fsnko eo'.
(iv) eh s[;hA fJ; rZb Bkb ;fjws j' fe e[dos wB[ZyK ftueko B|os
xZN eoB ftu ;jkJh jz[dh j? < fJ; pko/ nkgD/ ftuko fby'.
(v) PfjoK ftu c[Zb^p{fNnK bJh EK dh xkN j[zdh ik ojh j?. fJBQK
d/ gkbD^g';D T[s;kjs eoB bJh nkgD/ ;[Mkn fdT[.

nH j/m fby/ fBod/PK nB[;ko T[Zso fdT[ L

(i) ejkDh ftu jkJ/ ` s/ tkj ` tkj ` tor/ ft;fwe Ppd tos/
rJ/ jB. fJj' fij' j'o ft;fwe PpdK dh ;{uh pDkT[.
(ii) j/m fby/ ft;fwe tke dh fe;w dZ;' L
;[D' ih ` fJBQK g"fdnK dh th g[eko ;[D'.
(T) ;{uBk^tkue, (n) fJZfSnk^tkue, (J) ;fseko^tkue

JH (i) j/m fbfynK ftu'A ;jh ;wk;h Ppd fejVk j? <

(T) BthA^N?Aeh (n) T[~uh^T[~uh
(J) jIko^bhNo (;) ekch^fuo

(ii) ejkDh ftu'A ;wk;h PpdK bZG e/ T[BQK d/ tke pDkT[.

;H j/mK fd~s/ nykDK g{ok eo' L

(i) fi; sB HHH, ;' sB ikD/.
(T) dod (n) EektN
(J) bkr/ (;) rzdrh
(ii) SZi sK p'b/, HHH th p'b/.
(T) SkDBh (n) ez{vk
(J) s"Vk (;) fSZek
(iii) fe;/ rZb j'o tXkT[D s'A o'eD bJh fejV/ nykD dh tos'A
j[zdh j?^
(T) yzGK dh vko pDdh j?
(n) frZbk ghjD BjhA gkJhdk
(J) rb fgnk Y'b tikT[Dk jh g?Adk j?
(;) fiT[A^fiT[A fGZi/ ezpbh, fsT[A^fsT[A Gkoh j'J/

37
jH j/m fby/ gqPBK d/ ;jh ftebg u[D' L
(i) ;p nr/so dk ;jh Ppd u[D' ^
(T) ;pi?eN (n) Ppdktbh
(J) ;p^fJz;g?eNo (;) ;p^pZdb
(ii) }?o nr/so tkbk ;jh Ppd u[D'^
(T) }?o^;oekoh (n) }?o^u[okjk
(J) }?os (;) r?oki
(iii) skJh fgS/so dk ;jh Ppd u[D'^
(T) ;\skJh (n) PowkJh
(J) w{oyskJh (;) f;ZfynkskJh
(iv) nkb{ fgS/so tkbk ;jh Ppd u[D'^
(T) fdnkb{ (n) ukb{
(;) ikd{rokb{ (J) G[ZyVkb{

38
 p/p/ okw GiBh

gkso
p/p/ okw GiBh ^ d[Bhnk s'A fBok; nZXyV shthA
Pkw dk; ^ T[; dk gsh
d' i[nkohJ/ ^ Pkw dk; d/ d';s
fJe p[ZYh ^ okw GiBh dh r[nKYD
fJe w[fNnko ^ r[nKYD dh j
fJe ;kX{
fJe gKXk
Mkeh L Pfjo dh rbh ftu wekB j?. ;kjwD/ ewo/ ftu okw GiBh g{ik
dhnK uhIK ;zGkb e/ fJe gk;/ oydh gJh j? s/ Bkb/ r[Dr[DkT[Adh j?, okw Jh
okw, okw Jh okw, okw ;tko/ ;G e/ ekw. r[nKYD d/ B/V/ okw GiBh nk
p?mdh j?.
t/bk L YbdhnK d[gfjoK
okw GiBh L p/p/, w?A nZi s'A d[Bhnk SZvh. eh ofynk j? d[Bhnk ftu.
fijV/ uko fdjkV/ j'o ofjzd/ B/, T[j shoEK s/ eNKrh.
;G dkB eo d/Dk J/ s/ okw Bkw Jh igDk J/.
r[nKYD L G?D, XzB iBw J/ s/ok. fJ; s'A tX e/ j'o uzrh rZb eh
J/ gJh dkB^g[zB eo/A s/ shoEhA ik e/ nkgD/ jZv ;[Zu/
eo/A. okw pE/ok fdZsk j'fJnk J/.
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
okw GiBh L ;kv/ bJh sK E'VQk th pE/ok J/, p/p/ ` s/ pkeh SZv th ehjd/
r[nKYD L gV';D
bJh ikJhJ/ < ;kvk fgS'A e"D J/ ;KGD tkbk < p/p/ ` s?
t/bk L ;wK
d;K, gJh nZi w/o/ ihn ftu eh gJh nkT[Adh j? <
s/ L T[~s/
r[nKYD L dZ;, ;" tkoh dZ;. Bk, w?A s/ sz{ e'Jh d' nK <
pE/ok L pj[s fInkdk
okw GiBh L sz{ w? G?DK d/ EK J/A, ;r'A G?DK Bkb'A th tX e/ J/A. w?A gJh L pJh (;zp'XBh
s? dZ;Bh nK. nZi ;t/o/ gow/PoK d/ t/b/ s'A w/o/ ihn Ppd)

39
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE ftu eh gJh nkrwdh J/. w?A nZi g{ik pVh ;t/o/ eo bJh
nkrwdh L nkT[Adh ;h s/ s/o/ tZb nkT[D jh tkbh ;K.
jZEhA L jZEK Bkb r[nKYD L jK ` jK `` dZ; c/o.
r'uok L bJh, bkfJe okw GiBh L ;[D, w/oh woIh J/ gJh i' e[M w/o/ e'b J/, w?A nkgD/ jZEhA
d/ btK. T[jB/ Pokp s/ i{J/ d/ wz{j J/Bk T[ikfVnk J/, T[j
fe; ezw nkfJnk < w?A efjBh nK gJh fisBk th okw
d/ BK fdZsk ikJ/, T[sBk jh jZSk J/.
r[nKYD L jz{, s/ sz{ p/p/ xo dh wkbe J/A. fiZdK ih ukj/, eo. s/o/ e'Jh
jZE cVB brk J/<
okw GiBh L uzr/ eowK ftu fYZb BjhA ukjhdh. i' fdZsk frnk, ;' fdZsk
frnk. i' ofj frnk, ;' ofj frnk.
r[nKYD L c/o dZ; e'Jh w/o/ r'uok ezw.
okw GiBh L ik fco p[ZY/ gKX/ ;Zd fbnk gJh nkD e/ ;zebg eok
ikJ/ s/ i' o;s/ ftu e'Jh ;kX{, ;zs fwb/ sK T[j th fJXo
G/idh ikJhA.
r[nKYD L jZSk, w?A iKdh nK.
(r[nKYD ubh iKdh j?.)
okw GiBh L (nkgD/ nkg Bkb) fJj c[bekohnK Gbk w/o/ fe; ezw B/ < Bk
w/oh j, Bk Xh, gkT[D^jzYkT[D tkbh. fJj o/Pwh eZgV/, fJj
sK w?A go/w' G?D dh j fdnKrh. go/w' pVh uzrh J/.
(pkjo'A fJe nktkI nkT[Adh j?)
UbZy ` UbZy ` UbZy ``
okw GiBh L (dotkI/ tZb S/sh Bkb iKdh j?) pkpk ih ` pkpk ih ``
;kX{ L UbZy, wkJh GrsDh,
BkokfJD jo/,
BkokfJD, okw jh
j?.
okw GiBh L nkU pkpk ih, ih
nkfJnK . s[jk p/
p/ B/ G/fink j'Dk J/<
;kX{ L jK GrsDh ` J/e

40
 wkJh B/ jw e' p'fbnk Ek. GrsDh fgSb/ iBw w/A pV/ n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

P[G eow ehJ/ j?A. okw s[w g/ nsh gq;zB j?A. ;zebg L fJokdk,
okw GiBh L pkpk ih ` d[Bhnk dk pVk ;[y G'frnk j?, go w'j^wwsk ftuko
ihn L gqkDh, ftnesh
d/ ikb ftu c; e/ pzdk e"vh ezw dk BjhA ofjzdk.
;'Jh L T[jh, mhe,
;kX{ L ;Zs j?, wkJh, ;Zs j?.
T[j jh
okw GiBh L pkpk ih ` pZu/ w'j^wwsk d/ ehV/ B/, i' fdB^oks bj{ si L SZvDk, fsnkr
ghAd/ ofjzd/ B/. okw B/ w? fJ; wjKikb ftu'A eZY fbnk ihn L wB, fdb
J/. fJe'^fJe ihn fijk ;h, ;'Jh fBZek j[zdk Jh y/vD nrw L ngj[ z u fiE/
N[o frnk. gj[fz unk Bk ik
;e/
;kX{ L jo/ ` jo/ `` jo/ BkokfJD ```
okw GiBh L sd s'A w?A okw tZb Jh fXnkB bkfJnk J/.
;kX{ L XzB j' wkJh ` XzB iBw j? ``
okw GiBh L wjkoki, j[D fJj ihn ftu nkT[Adk J/ gJh d[Bhnk si
d/tK. d[Bhnk ftu e[M BjhA. fij okw fwfbnk, T[j
;G e[M fwfbnk.
;kX{ L ;Zs j?, GrsDh, ;Zs j?.
okw GiBh L w? nrw s'A nktkI nkT[Adh J/, dkB^g[zB eo, s/ okw d/
uoBhA bZr.
;kX{ L wkJh s[w f;nkDh j', fJ; ;z;ko e/ Ghso n?;/ gokDh Gh
j?A, i' oks^fdB XB i'VB/ ftu br/ ofjs/ j?A. go n?;/
Gh j?A, i' ikDs/ j?A fe Bk XB w/ok, Bk XB s/ok, s/ fJj
ir o?D p;/ok.
okw GiBh L wjkoki ` w?A th e[M dkB eo d/Dk J/ s/ c/o, wjkoki,
shoEhA ub/ ikDk J/.
;kX{ L XzB j' wkJh, f;ZXh ;_or e' ikJ/Arh.
okw GiBh L jo/, jo/, w?A sK gkgD^ngokXD nK, w/o/ n?v/ Gkr feE'A<
;kX{ L i' iht dkBh j?, ;_or Xkw e' iksk t' j?.
okw GiBh L jZSk, wjkoki ` dZ;', w?A s[jkvh eh ;/tk eoK <
;kX{ L wkJh GrtkB eh d:k j?, jw e' o[fgnk^g?;k eh b'V BjhA,
jK, e'Jh p;so fwb ikJ/.
okw GiBh L (ukdo b? e/) b" wjkoki `

41
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE ;kX{ L fJj jwko/ ekw eh BjhA.
efbnkB L Gbk, so ikDk okw GiBh L c/o wjkoki ` i' wz{j'A wzr', d/tK. i' j?, ;G s[jkvk jh j?.
d[Pkbk L Gkoh Pkb, ;kX{ L wkJh, jw e' b'G BjhA j?, go T[j d[Pkbk d/ fdU s/
gPwhB/ dhnK
efbnkB j'.
d' ukdoK dk
i'Vk okw GiBh L wjkoki ` d[Pkbk sK w/o/ wkbe dk J/.
rVtk L fJe GKvk ;kX{ L jo/ BkokfJD, GrsDh s[w s' fsnkr eosh j'. T[; e'
;woEk j?, j'o b? bJ/rk, d[Pkbk ek dkB eo. Uo J/e
posB th fwb ikJ/, wkJh.
okw GiBh L fJe rVtk b? bU, wjkoki `
;kX{ L s[w pVh fdnkb{ j', GrsDh `
okw GiBh L j'o e[M ukjhdk J/ wjkoki <
;kX{ L BjhA GrsDh ` pj[s nk frnk, pj[s nk frnk.
okw GiBh L pkpk ih i' e[M wz{j'A wzr', d/tKrh.
;kX{ L (M'bh ftu'A e[M eY e/) b' wkJh, fJ; e' ;dk nkgD/ gk;
oy', edh d[y B/V/ BjhA nkt/rk. (S/sh Bkb ufbnk
iKdk j?.)
okw GiBh L (xpok e/ dotkI/ tZb d"Vdh j'Jh) pkpk ih ` pkpk ih `
j?A, ubk frnk ` BZm frnk ` jkJ/ rVtk ` d'Pkbk `
tkbhnK ` jkJ/ tkbhnK ` b? frnk ` b? frnk ` (fco u"Ae
T[mdh j?) sz{ fdZsk eh J/ i' s? gSsktk br frnk J/ <
b'ehA jIkoK o[gJhJ/ dkB eod/ B/, wzdo pDtkT[Ad/ B/,
}ohp^}[op/ fdzd/ B/. s/ wBk, sz{ ftu'A fdZsk eh J/, fi;
dk fjoy br frnk J/ s? <
(p[ZYk gKXk nkT[Adk j? s/ Bkb jh r[nKYD nkT[Adh j?.)
gKXk L i? okw ih `
okw GiBh L XzB Gkr w/o/, i' s[;hA th nkJ/. ehVh d/ xo Bo?D ` (fuZNh
ukdo IwhB T[s/ ftSk e/) n?E/ pfj ikU.
gKXk L jo/ ` jo/ `` w?A e"D nK, fJj ;G okw dh d:k J/.
okw GiBh L XzB Gkr w/o/ ` P[eo J/ `
r[nKYD L p/p/, okw nkg Jh ekoi ;ztkoB tkbk J/. w?A Gbk gKX/
j'oK fedK fbnkT[Dk ;h i/ okw ;jkfJsk Bk eodk. gKX/

42
 j'ohA pkjo ikD fcod/ ;B, tehb dk nkdwh ;ZdD n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. fjoy L nc;';

gKXk L jK phph ` tehb d/ bVek j'fJnk J/ s/ T[BQK B/ N/tk btkT[D N/tk L i' f sP rDBk
nB[wkB
bJh ;Zfdnk J/.
BoV L ni'V
okw GiBh L okw jo fe;/ d/ eb/i/ mzY gkt/.
gkXk L pqkjwD, g[ikoh
gKXk L ;Zu fejk phph <
Bo?D L GrtkB, gow/
okw GiBh L gKXk ih, id'A dk w/ok fJe'^fJe ihn fijk y/vD N[o frnk Po, tkfjr[o{
J/, fJj ;z;ko w/o/ wB'A T[so frnk J/. jZSk, T[j okw dh wkbe L gsh
d"bs ;h, okw B/ b? bJh, go s[jk gsk Jh J/ w/o/ wkbe
dhnK eos{sK dk. oks^fdB i{nk s/ Pokp, p;. edh gb
Go th j'P ftu BjhA j[zdk. ;?AefVnK s/ jIkoK jz{Mk
c/o SZfvnk J/.
gKXk L phph, ;z;ko pfDnk jh fJ;/ soQK J/. fJjd/ ftu uzr/ th
j?D s/ wzd/ th, go i'VhnK ir E'VQhnK s/ BoV pE/o/.
r[nKYD L jK ih, j[D t/y' gJh fJj e'Jh eowK dh rZb j?rh i/ Bk
gJh fJj n?vh Xowkswk i/ s/ T[j HHH
okw GiBh L Bk p/p/, fJj Bk ej', w?A pVh gkgD nK, pVh ngokXD nK.
gKXk L BjhA phph ` sz{ nkgDk iBw ;|b ehsk J/.
r[nKYD L s/o/ Bkb s/ok wkbe th so ikJ/rk.
gKXk L fJe Grs Bkb ;?AeV/ gkgh th so iKd/ B/. uzfrnK Bkb
wzd/ th so iKd/ B/.
okw GiBh L w?A s/ wjkoki d[Bhnk dk yfjVk SZfvnk. pE/ok ykXk^
ghsk. ;[Zy th G'frnk s/ d[Zy th. id'A dh w?A okw dh j'Jh
nK, w? d[Bhnk ftu e[M th uzrk BjhA brdk.
gKXk L XzB iBw J/ phph `
r[nKYD L wjkoki ` ;/tk w/tk J/, sd/ sK okw B/ doPB fdZs/ .
gKXk L fJjdh Grsh dk Jh cb J/.
okw GiBh L w?A s/ T[jd/ p{j/ dh wzrsh nK.
r[nKYD L j[D fJjd/ e'b'A dkB^g[zB, ;zebg Bkb eokU. HHH p/p/, i'
d/Dk Jh eZY fbnk.
gKXk L jK phph ` t/bk iKdk J/, fYZb Bk eo'.

43
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE okw GiBh L p/p/, w/ok s/ ihn eodk J/ gJh fJ;/ soQK ybk^yb'sk Gok^
wzrsh L fGykoB, GokfJnk xo ;ko/ dk ;kok wD; d/tK.
PoXkb{, r[nKYD L xo dh wkbe J/A, fiZdK ih ukj/ eo.
rohpDh
okw GiBh L w? T[jdk Jh vo J/ gJh nkt/rk s/ bV/rk w/o/ Bkb.
wD; L fJE/ ;G e[M
g[B
z dkB eoB gKXk L phph dkB eoB bfrnK ftukoK ftu g?Dk wkVk j[zdk J/.
s'A Gkt j? r[nKYD L gKXk ih mhe efjzd/ B/.
rkroK L szr wz{j tkbk okw GiBh L s/ Gbk w?A wzdk ezw E'VQk Jh eo ojh nK. i' T[j BkokI
fwZNh dk
j[zdk J/ sK j't/, w?A uzr/ ezw s'A feT[A jNK <
posB, ebP,
xVk gKXk L mhe nkfynk J/, phph, wkB; iBw ;ekoEk Bk j't/ s/
fusko' L ig', nokX' fJjdk bkG eh J/ < (okw GiBh T[~m e/ nkgD/ rfjD/,
eZgV/ s/ GKv/^NhAv/ fbnkT[Adh j?.)
okw GiBh L fJj bU wjkoki, d' rkroK.
gKXk L (wzso gVQdk j?) phph okw fusko'.
okw GiBh L okw Jh okw, okw Jh okw, okw Jh okw.
gKXk L j'o eh J/ < S/sh eo.
okw GiBh L fJj ukdoK dk i'Vk J/, fJj d' o/Pwh e[Vs/ B/.
gKXk L (wzso gVQ e/ ;zebg eokT[Adk j?)
okw GiBh L fJj w/ok rfjfDnK dk vZpk J/, p; ;wM' ;G e[M jh J/.
gKXk L XzB firok J/, phph `
okw GiBh L w/o/ fe; ezw B/, wjkoki `
gKXk L XzB iBw J/ ` sz{ ;ko/ NZpo sko SZfvnk J/, phph `
r[nKYD L e[M j'o th d/D tkbk J/ <
okw GiBh L j'o ofj eh frnk J/ < p; fJj xo j?rk, fJj th d/
d/tK, go wkbe dk vo J/.
gKXk L BjhA, BjhA, xo ofjD d/.
okw GiBh L jkJ/, w/ok nZr brk u/sk, w?A o/Pwh e[Vs/ th d/ SZv/
B/. T[j s/ w?A nkgDh Xh^okDh bJh oZy/ ;B. p/p/ sz{ eh
;wMdh j't/Arh <
(e'Jh j'o e[Vsk bGdh fcodh j?.)
r[nKYD L eh gJh eodh J/A, G?D < b?, T[j nr/ th s/o/ Jh e[Vs/
gkT[Adh J/ fe HHH

44
okw GiBh L (fJe e[Vsk bZG e/) XzB okw J/, i' w/oh bki oydk n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

J/. fJj fes/ EZb/ fgnk j'fJnk ;h. nwkBs L fe;/ d/ ;g[od
ehsh t;s{
r[nKYD L ofjD d/ phph, sz{ nkgD/ bJh e[M BjhA oZyDk <
joik L B[e;kB
okw GiBh L (e[Vsk d/ e/) BjhA, w/o/ e'b r[Iko/ bJh pE/o/ B/. b? b?.
fvjk L j' fojk
(gKXk uhIK ;zGkb e/ s[oB bJh fsnko j[zdk j?.)
gKXk L jZSk phph, w?A sK S/sh ikDk J/ tehbK d/. P[eo J/ s/ok
wB'oE j' frnk. okw ;G d/ wB'oE g{o/ eo/. fJj rkroK
w?A c/o b? iktKrk.
okw GiBh L BjhA, c/o BjhA, w?A fprkBh nwkBs feE/ ;KGdh fcoKrh<
ub' \K s[;hA w?A nkg ;Zs tkoh SZv nkT[Bh nK ik e/.
gKXk L XzB J/A ` phph, XzB iBw J/ ``
(okw GiBh rkroK u[ZeD brdh J/ s/ r[nKYD T[;d/ jZE'A
cV b?Adh j?.)
r[nKYD L b? fJj eh rZb j'Jh Gbk, w?A G?D s? jZE bkT[D d/Bh
nK < sz{ j[D g{ik eoBh j't/rh. w?A SZv nkT[Bh nK.
okw GiBh L t?ohnK d/ d[yD g?o ` n?t/A Bk p'b^ep'b wz{j'A eZY fdnk
eo. w?A g{ik th eo btKrh, nkD e/.
gKXk L t/y p//p/, w/ok pVk joik j'D fvjk j'fJnk J/. tehb B/
;fdnk ;h.
okw GiBh L ub' Bk c/o gKXk ih, S/sh eo'. b? G?D, sz{ fgS/ xo dk
f\nkb oyhA, w?A j[D/ nkJh.
gKXk L BjhA p/p/, sz{ j[D PKs fjod/ Bkb p?m, okw Bkw ig, rkroK
w?A nkg/ jh cVh iktKrk.
r[nKYD L b? fJj jZd j'Jh, ub' s[;hA uZbD tkb/ pD'.
(rkroK cV e/ s[o g?Adh j?.)
r[nKYD dh j L p/p/ s[jkv/ BjhA <
okw GiBh L phph nkJh s/ ;h, go gKXk ih d/ xo s'Vh rJh J/. j[D/
nkT[Adh j't/rh. pfj ik.
r[nKYD dh j L xo S/sh p[bkfJnk J/ ` gfjb'A sK w?A bkrb/ xo rJh, fco
T[E'A gsk brk gJh fJE/ nkJh J/.

45
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE okw GiBh L S/sh p[bkfJnk J/ < jZSk sK w?A ik e/ p[bkT[Bh nK. sz{ Ioh
Vkw Vkw L okw okw dh Ioh J/E/ pfj.
cVQ L rZg wkoBh, r[nKYD dh j L p//p/ w?A th Bkb ubK go/.
dpek, dwrIk
okw GiBh L fe; tk;s/ < sz{ ;r'A fJE/ p?mhA. xVh dh xVh okw Bkw
t;kj L Go';k
ig b?. (T[j nkgDh EK fpmkbdh j?) iBw ;cb j[zdk
J/. w/oh EK g{ik T[s/ sz{ p?m s/ w?A j[D/ Jh nkJh.
Pkw dk; L (fgZm fgZS'A Jh T[j t/y e/ nkgDh tj[Nh ;wMdk j?)
jo t/b/ Vkw Vkw jo t/b/ Vkw Vkw. eh gyzv pDk
ofynk J/ < (r[nKYD dh j f;o w'V e/ nkdwh
t/ydh j? s/ ;G' e[M SZv^S[vk xpok e/ pkjo fBeb
iKdh j?.)
Pkw dk; L j?A ` fJj e"D ;h <
gfjbk i[nkohnk L e'Jh u/bh j'Dh J/ GrsDh dh.
Pkw dk; L w?A s/ e[M j'o Jh ;wMdk fojk.
d{ik i[nkohnk L jZSk ih, j[D rZbK ftu Bk gkU s/ nrbh rZb eo'.
Pkw dk; L n?v/ xpoKd/ feT[A U < fizBhnK pkIhnK ej'r/, bktKr/.
gfjbk itkohnk L t/y b? uzd{ fJj cVQ wkod/ . s/ n;b'A fJjdh rZb dk
t;kj BjhA.
d{ik i[nkohnk L n;hA ikDd/ nK, n;hA ikDd/ nK. t/fynk ;h Ud'A, wz{j
J/dK T[so frnk ;h.
Pkw dk; L fJj M{mhnK rZbK B/. jko e/ ehjdk ih wkVk BjhA j[zdk<
gfjbk i[nkohnk L sK Gkt/A e'Jh thj ;kb y/vdk fojk j't/, c/o th eZu/ dk
eZuk. fij jko dk jktk br/, T[jB/ eh y/vDk j'fJnk<
d{ik i[nkohnk L y/v ftu ;?AeV/ jkohd/ s/ ;?AeV/ fiZshd/ B/, jko fiZs Bkb
jh j[zdh J/ fe.
Pkw dk; L w?A n?vk p'dk s/ BjhA, go i/ gZb/ j't/ e[M Bk sK tZyoh
rZb J/. j[zfdnK^jtKfdnK fgZS/ jND tkbk w?A th BjhA.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L n?t/A rZgK `
d{ik i[nkohnk L firok ukjhdk J/ `
gfjbk i[nkohnk L w?dkB ftu nkT[Dk P/oK dk ezw J/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L s/ frZdVK dk SZv e/ BZ; ikDk.

46
Pkw dk; L GJh w? fizd dh n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

e;w J/ w?A fJj' jktk L vo, gSsktk,

fijk BjhA. s[;hA t/y M'ok
p'dk L ewI'o
Jh b?Dk s/ Bkb/ w?A
firok L j"A;bk, ;kj;,
fJj th efj d/tK
skes
gJh fJj pkIh th
w/oh J/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L fBohnK P/\hnK `
d{ik i[nkohnk L nkU c/o y/vhJ/, gKXk fejVk g[Sd/ U <
Pkw dk; L GJh ekjbh ekjdh g? rJh J/ < Iok dw eo', u[;eh s/
bk bJhJ/.
d'B'A i[nkohJ/ L tkj tk, tkj tk, fbnk c/o fbnk. (Pkw dk; p'sb s/
rbk; b?D bJh nzdo iKdk j?.)
gfjbk i[nkohnk L b? GJh, Iok db/o sK j'fJnk j?.
d{ik i[nkohnk L T[~b{ J/ T[~b{.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L i/ dkT[ br frnk s/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L gfjbh pkIh T[j Jh ikD fdU.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L jK, jK, Gkt/A d{ih th, p/Pe.
d{ik i[nkohnk L nkj', nkj', mhe J/.
Pkw dk; L bU, GJh ghU.
d{ik i[nkohnk L (gh e/ s/ wz{j ;ztko e/) tkj tkj, wIk j' frnk.
Pkw dk; L j'o bU, j'o.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L p; GJh, p;.
Pkw dk; L j'o bU j'o, fJE/ fejVh gotkj j?.
d{ik i[nkohnk L p; eoB tkb/ edh Bk uVQ/, nkT[D fdU ih.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L (j'o gh e/) GJh i/ oZp Pokp Bk pDkT[Adk.
Pkw dk; L ;kv/ tor/ wo iKd/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L ;koh d[Bhnk wo iKdh.
Pkw dk; L w/oh s/ ikB fJ; d/ ftu J/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L ;k th Bk fwb/ sK dw N[ZND br g?Adk J/.
Pkw dk; L ;Zu J/, ;Zu J/.

47
d{ik i[nkohnk L n?t/A efjzd/ B/ gJh d[BhnK ftu d[Zy jB.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L j?D, Io{o j?D, go T[BQK bJh fijV/ ghAd/ BjhA (jZ;dk j?)
jk, jk, jk.
d{ik i[nkohnk L nkU j[D Iok pkIh bkJhJ/.
Pkw dk; L Iok BPk nk b?D fdU GkJh. UBh d/o rZb^rZg wkoB/ nK.
fgSbh dhtkbh s/ joh okw Bkb e/jh j'Jh <
gfjbk i[nkohnk L fijh fe;/ Bkb Bk j't/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L nzfwqs;o'A d' i[nkohJ/ nkJ/, go d't/A T[;skd.
Pkw dk; L joh okw dk eZy BjhA SZfvnk.
d{ik i[nkohnk L T[BQK th e'Jh E'VQk BjhA ;h i'fVnk j'fJnk.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L fJj fJ;/ soQK Jh j[zdk J/. i'VB tk;s/ E'VQk j[zdk J/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L wIk s/ ;kok j'fJnk y/v ftu. jko^fiZs s/ Bkb n?t/A
fwou^w;kbk j'fJnk.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L s/ Bkb/ fi; jkoBk BjhA, T[; fiZsDk eh <
Pkw dk; L jko^fiZs dh fejVh rZb J/, ;"dk s/ y/v dk i/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L nkU c/o Iok fJe^nZX pkIh br ikJ/.
Pkw dk; L uzrk, uzrk, ub', gzi bkJ/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L e[Zb `
Pkw dk; L jZSk ` uzrk fco, gzMh ;jh. (gfjbk s/ d{ik i[nkohnk
e"vhnK ;[Nd/ jB s/ jko iKd/ jB.)
d{ik i[nkohnk L frnk tko ykbh.
Pkw dk; L (o[fgnk o'b e/) w?A s[jk gfjb'A jh fejk ;h, gJh pkIh
w/oh J/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L fe;ws tkbk J/A, GJh.
d{ik i[nkohnk L S[fgnk o[;sw fBefbnk fJj sK.
Pkw dk; L s/ eh s[;hA w? T[~b{ ;wMd/ ;h< bU fJ; tkoh gzikj bkJ/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L pVh Skb wkoh J/. gzikj ` ;kvh tZb t/y, d' ;" d/ pND
bkJ/. j? Bk P/oK tkbk j"A;bk.
d{ik i[nkohnk L pb/, pb/, wodkBrh J/ GJh.
Pkw dk; L nrbh tko t/yKr/, e"D tXdk J/. w?A ;kok wekB pkIh s/
bk d/D tkbk nK.

48
gfjbk i[nkohnk L T[j fdB v[Zpk, fi; fdB x'Vh ufVQnk e[Zpk. n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

Pkw dk; L xpokU BjhA, w?A ;Zu eo fdyktKrk. P/\hnK L vhArK, cVK
d{ik i[nkohnk L nrb/ iBw ftu. jT[e/ L vz{x/ ;kj b?D/
gfjbk i[nkohnk L j?A ` s/ sz{ eh ;wfMnk ;h, fJ;/ ftu jh < fBtkoBh L d{o eoB
tkbh
Pkw dk; L jK, jK, nZi' jh, j[D/. (T[j e"vhnK ;[Nd/ jB. fiZs fco
Pkw dk; dh jz[dh j?.) tkj tkj ` tkj tkj ` nZi \{p
ib;k T[v/ c/o.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L ;kvh fe;ws s/ nZi fgZm ftykT[Adh bGdh J/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L ;koh P/yh fBeb rJh fJ; t/b/. Pkw{, s/oh fe;ws s/I
J/ GJh.
Pkw dk; L ni/ t/y', mfjo' s[jk jZE ftyktKrk.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L b[N fbnk Jh GJh j'o eh nkjBk J/A <
Pkw dk; L (rbk; ftu Pokp d/ e/) fJj bU Iok row j' ikU.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L (jT[ek Go e/) j/ d[Zy fBtkoBh `
Pkw dk; L p; jT[e/ GoB br gJ/ <
gfjbk i[nkohnk L BjhA, BjhA, y/v ftu jT[e/ ekjd/ < nkU pkIh bkJhJ/.
Pkw dk; L (Pokp d/ e/) ghU, ghU, dZp e/ ghU.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L b? j[D y/v, ftykb j";bk.
Pkw dk; L j";bk eh, w?A Gkt/A e[M bk d/tK. w/oh fe;ws s/I J/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L d' ;" s/ w/oh nzr{mh.
Pkw dk; L ;'B/ dhnK fszB u{VhnK.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L rZbK jh rZbK.
Pkw dk; L s[;hA wzBd/ BjhA < jZSk w?A fbnk e/ oZy d/tK <
d{ik i[nkohnk L t/bk fejVk t/yBk J/A c/o <
(Pkw dk; nzdo u{VhnK b?D iKdk j?.)
gfjbk i[nkohnk L (d{i/ ) j[D Iok fXnkB Bkb, ;zGb e/.
d{ik i[nkohnk L w[ork c; frnk J/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L j[D pu e/ BjhA fBebdk. g" pkoK B/ ;kv/.
(Pkw dk; nzdo'A \kbh jZE fBebdk j?.)
d'B'A i[nkohJ/ L feT[A < feT[A ` u{VhnK feE/ B/ <
Pkw dk; L w/oh tj[Nh nk b?D fdU. Noze dh ukph T[jd/ e'b J/.

49
gfjbk i[nkohnk L n?t/A pjkB/, s/ tj[Nh s? d/D brh J/ u{VhnK <
d{ik i[nkohnk L firok ukjhdk J/, u{VhnK fbnkT[D bJh.
Pkw dk; L s[jk i[ w?A fejk J/ gJh w?A bk fdZshnK B/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L eZY Bk c/o.
Pkw dk; L s[jk w/o/ T[s/ PZe J/ < \?o j[D/ gsk br ikJ/rk. s/ d{ih
pkIh sK c/o w/oh J/. w/oh fe;ws ni s/I J/ `
d'B'A i[nkohJ/ L T[j n;hA wzBD/ nK, go oZp dhnK oZp ikD/, e'Jh fbfynk
j'fJnk s/ BjhA. i/ sz{ jko ikt/A s/ <
Pkw dk; L jko iktK s/ fiZsD tkb/ u{VhnK d/ d/tK. fJj w/ok Xow
j'fJnk. go fiZsDk j'o fe; B/ j? <
gfjbk i[nkohnk L jZSk, y/v' GJh y/v'.
d{ik i[nkohnk L (e"vhnK ;[ZND brk) j/ ekbh ebeZs/ tkbh ` s/ok tko Bk
ikJ/ \kbh, s/ok tko Bk ikJ/ \kbh.
Pkw dk; L j/ jwkB pbtkB `
gfjbk i[nkohnk L j/ G?o' BkE ` ftyk d/ jkE ` (e"vhnK ;[Ndk j?). pkIh
w/oh, w/oh, jk, jk, jk, G?o' BkE eh i? `
okw GiBh L okw ` okw ` okw `
(i[nkohJ/ X"D w'V e/ t/yd/ jB.)
gfjbk i[nkohnk L nk rJh T[. fbnk j[D u{VhnK, S/sh eo.
okw GiBh L j?A ` s[jkv/ p/Vk }oe ` s[;hA spkj eo SZfvnk fJj.
s[jk YkJhnK xVhnK dh nkt/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L Pkw{ S/sh eo, u{VhnK fbnk.
Pkw dk; L (okw GiBh ) u{VhnK eY d/, S/sh j'.
okw GiBh L fe; tk;s/ < i[nkohnK bJh <
gfjbk i[nkohnk L fbnk GJh, w?A fgnk u{VhnK T[vhedk nK.
okw GiBh L fBeb ikU fJE'A, s[jk c/Nh gt/ `
Pkw dk; L fbnk, fbnk, S/sh eo.
okw GiBh L fJj th uzrk j'fJnk, w?A dkB eo SZfvnk, BjhA sK UdK
th i{J/ d/ wz{j Jh ikDhnk ;h Bk.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L t/y Pkw{ ` pjkB/ gJh eodh nk. nkg ik e/ eY fbnk.
okw GiBh L t/ sz{ e"D J/A < p[ZY/ gKX/ dk g[Zso ` jkJ/, jkJ/ ` t/ fgU

50
 s/ok b'eK d/ dkB ;KGdk fcodk J/ s/ sz{ i{nk y/vdk J/A.
fJj eos{s s[jkvh <
i[nkohnk L j/ w/ok okw, j/ w/o/ okw `` (j;dk j?.)
Pkw dk; L mfjo', (okw GiBh ) eZY fbnk u{VhnK S/sh.
okw GiBh L b? ik fJBQK eb^w{zfjnK fJE'A. s[jk okw u[e bJ/.
gfjbk i[nkohnk L S/sh eo GJh u{VhnK fbnk. ;k rkbQK feT[A g[nkT[D fvjk
j'fJnk J/A <
okw GiBh L t/ u{VhnK b? frnk J/ s/ok fgU. ik j[D d|k j' ik fJE'A`
gfjbk i[nkohnk L (fyZbh wko e/) jZSk, fgU b? frnk J/ w/ok < fJj th
uzrk j'fJnk.
Pkw dk; L w?A fejk J/ u{Vhnk fbnk S/sh. ;[Ddh BjhA sz{ <
okw GiBh L d|k eo fJBQK rd{dK fJE'A. s? w?A fejk BjhA gJh w?A
u{VhnK dkB eo SZvhnK B/ < gKXk ;zebg eok frnk
J/ ni.
Pkw dk; L j?A ` j?A ` (i[nkohnK ) i' e[M w?A d/Dk J/, w?A d/tKrk.
w/ok Xow j'fJnk, go fJ; t/b/ s[;hA ikU.
d{ik i[nkohnk L uzrk jZE y/fvnk J/ ;kv/ Bkb GJh `
okw GiBh L jkJ/, okw s[jk }oe eo/ ` d|k j' ikU J/E'A `
gfjbk i[nkohnk L fbnk GJh b/yk ;k| eo Bk.
Pkw dk; L U w?A eh eoK < w/ok xo b[fNnk frnk J/. j[D oZp dk
tk;sk i/ ub/ ikU.
okw GiBh L jkJ/ s[;hA ;[Zs/ ;"A ikU ` jkJ/ t/ gKX/ fdnk g[Zsok ` sz{
th e[b ebze bkfJnk Jh `
Pkw dk; L ikU, GJh ikU, w?A d/tKrk. ;G e[M frD^frD e/ d/tKrk,
j[D ikU.
okw GiBh L jkJ/ jB/o ;kJhA dk ` x'o ebi[r nk frnk ` fgU go'js
s/ g[Zs itkohnk ` fgU dkB ;KG/ s/ g[Zs i{nk y/v/ ` fJj
dkB th X'yk, |o/p, gyzv `
Pkw dk; L dZ; w? eh e[M ehsk Jh, BjhA s/ ikB eYBk JhA.
okw GiBh L i' e[M w/ok j? ;h, rfjDk eh s/ eZgVk eh, w?A ;G e[M
okw d/ Bkw dkB d/ fdZsk J/.

51
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE Pkw dk; L w?A efjBk nK, w? dZ; eh eh fdZsk Jh < n?t/A fuV fuV
e[b L ykBdkB Bk eo.
|Bkj L spkj okw GiBh L df;nk s/ j? gJh ;kok rfjDk^eZgVk ;G e[M.
Pkw dk; L j?A ` j?A ` }Ip ehsk sz{, w? spkj eo SZfvnk, eZy BjhA
ofjD fdZsk. (T[m e/ wkoB g?Adk j?, frZfuT[A cV b?Adk j?.)
okw GiBh L (N[ZNh j'Jh nktkI ftu) okw ` j/ okw ` j/ okwk ` j/
okwk ` j/ okwk `
Pkw dk; L (XZek d/ e/) xo T[ikV fdZsk szz{, ;G e[M |Bkj eo fdZsk sz{.
okw GiBh L (T[m e/) sz{ nkgD/ nkg nkg spkj ehsk J/. okw s?
pukt/rk. w?A ;G e[M okw d/ BK bk fdZsk J/, sz{ ;G e[M
i{J/ d/ wz{j rtkfJnk J/.
Pkw dk; L w?A s? wko ;[NDk J/, SZvDk BjhA s?.
okw GiBh L nr/ sz{ ed'A xZN ehsh j'Jh J/ < w/oh EK e'Jh j'o j[zdh
s/ Ifjo yk e/ wo iKdh.
Pkw dk; L s/ sz{ feT[A Bk wo rJh < ubh ik w/o/ nr'A, w/ohnK nZyK
s'A d{o j' ik, BjhA s/ wko ;[NKrk.
okw GiBh L j/ okw ` sz{ ;G e[M t/ydk J/A, sz{ ;G e[M ikDdk J/A. w?A
d[Bhnk SZvh. xo pkjo, nzr^;ke, ;G SZv/. w?A j[D
fJE/ BjhA ofj ;edh. j/ okw ` s/o/ fpB w/ok j'o e'Jh BjhA.
j[D s/ok okw ;jkJh, okw ;jkJh. j/ okwk ` j/ okwk `
w?A s/oh `
(ubh iKdh j? s/ Pkw dk; jZek^pZek yVk j?.)
Pkw dk; L jkJ/, ubh rJh. w?A jo gkf;T[A b[fNnk frnk ` UfJ, w?A
eh eoK ` jkJ/ w/o/ okw, jkJ/ w/ok okw, okw ` okw``
(okw, okw e{edk pkjo BZmdk j? s/ godk fvrdk j?.)

g'qH nkJhH;hH Bzdk

fN~gDh
p/p/ okw GiBh fJeKrh ftu fJeKrheko B/ tfjw^Gow, Xkowe gkyzv,
Pokp s/ i{J/ torhnK ;wkie p[okJhnK T[go ftnzr eZf;nk j?. p/p/ okw
GiBh fJe Xkowe ftukoK tkbh n"os j?. go T[; dk gsh Pokph s/

52
i{J/pkI j?. T[j g{ik^gkm ftu ftPtk; eodh j?. T[j nkgD/ gsh Pkw
dk; dhnK p[ohnK nkdsK s'A pj[s d[yh j?. T[; jw/Pk fJj fuzsk ;skT[Adh
j? fe T[j xo dhnK uhIK fJzM jh r[nk d/t/rk. fJ; jkbs ftu T[j fJe
;kX{ ns/ gKX/ xo dhnK ehwsh t;sK dkB eo fdzdh j?. fJe r[nKYD
dh wdd Bkb T[j fJj B/e ezw eodh j?. T[; dk gsh Pkw dk; i{J/
ftu u{VhnK jko ikD T[gozs id'A p/p/ okw GiBh s'A u{VhnK dh wzr eodk
j? sK T[j dkB^g[zB eoB dk ;kok ;Zu fpnkB eo fdzdh j?. jehes dk
gsk bZrD T[go Pkw dk; nkgD/ nkg mZfrnk wfj;{; eoB brdk j?.
i{J/ ftu j'Jh jko d/ Bkb^Bkb xo dhnK ehwsh uhIK dkB eoB dk T[;
;dwk brdk j?. T[j th nyho ftu okw^okw dk ikg eodk pkjo tZb
d"Vdk j?.

nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) okw GiBh e"D j? <
(ii) gKX/ okw GiBh e'b e"D b? e/ nkT[Adk j? <
(iii) okw GiBh d[Pkbk dkB eoB bJh e"D nkydk j? <
(iv) tehb B/ gKX/ feT[A p[bkfJnk ;h <
(v) okw GiBh B/ o/Pwh e[Vs/ fe; bJh oZy/ ;B <
(vi) nzfwqs;o s'A e"D nkfJnk ;h <
(vii) Pkw dk;, okw GiBh s'A fe; uhI dh wzr eodk j?.
(viii) w?A jo gkf;T[A b[ZfNnk frnk. UfJ, w?A eh eoK, fJj e"D s/ feT[A
p'bdk j?. T[~so 100 PpdK ftu fby'.
(ix) fJeKrh d/ ftP/^t;s{ s/ ftuko eo'.
(x) p/p/ okw GiBh dk ufoZso nkgD/ PpdK ftu fby'.

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) eh s[;hA dkB^g[zB eoB ftu ftPtk; eod/ j' < nkgD/ ftuko
dbhbK ;fjs fby'.
(ii) s[jkv/ ftuko nB[;ko gkyzvh ;kX{nK iK pkfpnK s'A ;wki
fet/A S[Nekok d[nkfJnk ik ;edk j? < ft;sko ftu fby'.

53
 (iii) BP/ s/ i{J/ torhnK ;wkie p[okJhnK xo^gfotko spkj eo
fdzdhnK jB. eh s[;hA fJ; eEB Bkb ;fjws j' < nkgD/ ;[Mkn
g/P eo'.

nH fJeKrh ftu'A nykD^w[jkto/ b~G e/ T[BQK tkeK ftu pdb'.

JH fJ; fJeKrh wzu T[Zgo y/vD tk;s/ b'VhAdh ;w~roh dh ;{uh fsnko
eo'. ukoN T[go wzuB dk fJe ;e?Zu pDkT[.

;H gkm ftu'A ft;we tkeK b~G e/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK th d~;'.

jH j/mK fbfynK d/ i'V/ pDkT[ L

e[Vsh ^ pKj
rVtk ^ g"Pke
u{VhnK ^ gkDh

54
 okfink oki eo/Afdnk

gfjbk fdqP
(oks dk shik gfjo jB/o/ izrb ftu s'sk w?Bk fJe NkjDh
s/ p?m/ jB. s's/ BhAd BjhA nk ojh. T[;btN/ b? fojk
j?. w?Bk T[; t/y e/ go/PkB J/.)

w?Bk L t/ s'fsnk, wB w'fsnk

t/ s'fsnk, wB w'fsnk
s'sk L dZ; Bh w?Bk, sz{ eh b?Dk.
w?Bk L t/ s'fsnk, e'Jh rhs ;[Dk.
s'sk L b? j[D sK nZXh oks rJh
oks rJh sK pks rJh.
w?Bk L nZXh oks skJhA w? BhAd Bk nkt/
ftu cf;nk sz{ fejVhnK ;'uK
fejVk d[Zy s? tZY tZY ykt/
w?A ikBDk b'uK
s'sk L b'eK ftu feT[A jkekeko wZuh J/
w/oh ;'u sK J/E/ c;h J/.
w?Bk L t/ i/ e'Jh j? b'eK d[Zy
i/ szr eodh ;G G[Zy
sK b'ehA oki/ e'b iktD
ik e/ nkgDk d[y ;[BktD. n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

s'sk L oki/ e'b sK ftjb BjhA j?. T[;btN/ LeotNK

goik th eodh gfjb BjhA j?. pdbDhnK,
w?Bk L go fe;/ sK nZr/ nkT[Dk gT{ gk;/ wkoB

uko/ gk;/ u[Zg j? i/ fco b'uK LukjK

fe;/ sK fprb tikT[Dk gT{.

55
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE s'sk L i/ sz{ w/ok ;kE d/t/A
gqGksK L;t/o sK nkgK d't/A fprb tikJhJ/.
;ko Lg[ZSfrS, ypo oks jB/oh w[eD tkbh
jhbk Le'fPP, T[gkn gqGksK dk e'Jh rhs jh rkJhJ/
t;hbk LT[dw w?Bk L w?A s/o/ Bkb ojKrh jodw
\[PhnK dh n;hA pks eoKr/
sK i' fwN iktD ;G }w
(w?Bk nkgDk jZE nZr/ eodh j? s'sk T[; dk jZE cVdk j? s/
d'tA/ T[vd/ B/. T[vd/ T[vd/ d'tA/ oki wfjb d/ pB/o/ s/ ik p?md/ B/.)

d{ik fdqP
(oki wfjb dk fdqP, e[M gfjo/dko gfjok d/ oj/ B/. okik
;[Zsk fgnk j?. s'sk w?Bk d't/A rhs p'bd/ B/.)

rhs L okfink oki eo/Afdnk

s/o/ oki u jkjkeko t/
T[m e/ pkjo nk Iok
s/ b? b'eK dh ;ko t/

okfink oki eo/Afdnk

s/o/ oki u G?V/ uZi t/
eo e'Jh jhbk, e'Jh t;hbk
d[Zy iktD ;ko/ GZi t/

okfink oki eo/Afdnk

s/o/ G?V/ G?V/ :ko t/
i/ b'eK ftu j? p/u?Bh
s/oh fe; ezw dh ;oeko t/

okfink oki eo/Afdnk

s/o/ oki d/ ftu ftu w'ohnK
jB/o/ dh sK b'V BjhA
J/E/ f;yo d[gfjo/ u'ohnK

56
 okfink oki eo/Afdnk n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

s/o/ oki d/ ftu ftu u'o t/ ihez{ Lfit/A

e[M sK prb/ ikgd/

e[M ikgD ihez{ w'o t/

okfink oki eo/Afdnk

sz{ eo b'eK Bkb fgnko t/
ik b'eK d/ d[y ;[D b?
s/ pD goik dk :ko t/.
(rhs \sw j[zdk j?. okik nkgD/ tIho Bkb pkjo nkT[Adk j?.)
okik L fJj e"D rk fojk ;h <
tIho L jI{o fJj sK s'sk w?Bk ;kv/ wfjb d/ pkjo rk oj/ ;h.
okik L w? sK fJzi bfrnk fit/A ;kok Pfjo rk fojk j't/.
tIho L jI{o, T[j rk sK d't/A jh oj/ ;h, go rZb ;ko/ Pfjo dh
eo oj/ ;h.
okik L J/; rhs B/ ;k go/PkB eo fdZsk J/.
tIho L jI{o, nfijh fejVh rZb j' rJh.
okik L J/; s'sk w?Bk B/, w/ohnK nZyK y'jb fdZshnK B/.
tIho L T[j fet/A jI{o <
okik L w? nZi fJt/A bZr foj?. fit/A w?A ;dhnK dk ;[Zsk j'tK s/
w/o/ oki d/ ftu b'e uhy oj/ j'D, fubk oj/ j'D s/ w? e[M
\po jh BjhA.
tIho L jI{o brdk J/ s[jkvh
sphns mhe BjhA.
s[ ; hA nkokw eo'
jI{o.
okik L BjhA, n;hA pj[s
nkokw eo fbnk.
j[D n;hA nkg b'eK
ftu ik e/ T[jBK d/
d[Zy^;[Zy ;[DKr/.

57
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE tIho L go jI{o i/ b'eK B/ s[jk gfjukD fbnk sK b'eK B/ vod/
G/; Lgfjoktk, wko/ s[jk nkgD/ d[Zy jh BjhA d;D/.
pkDk, gSkD okik L J//;/ bJh n;hA G/; tNk e/ b'eK ftu iktKr/ s/ w/o/ Bkb s[;hA
pzB/ Lgk;/, fJe
th ub'r/.
fdPk ftu
i'tK Li's b?D s'A tIho L ih jI{o.(d't/A G/; tNk e/ s[o g?Ad/ B/.)
Gkt s'sk w?Bk L okik s/ tIho d't/A s[o gJ/
go?Dh LfJe ;'Nh iK d't/A G/; tNk e/
vzvk, fi; d/
;[DBk j? d[Zy goik dk b'e'
fJe f;o/ ftu
feZb bZrh j[zdh ;[DBk j? G/; tNk e/
j? s[od/ s[od/ gj[zu/ y/sK d/ pzB/
fe;kB fgnk ;h jZb ubkt/
jZb ubkt/ Bkb/ rkbQK eZYdk
;[D e/ okik xpokt/.
(fJe gk;/ fe;kB y/s u pbd bJh yVk j?. Bkb/ T[go tZb t/ydk
j? s/ rkbQK eZYdk J/. okik s/ tIho fJe gk;/ yV/ ;[Dd/ B/.)
fe;kB L wo ikJ/ U okik J/; d/; dk, fJjdk p/Vk pfj ikJ/, eZy Bk
oj/ J/; ezio dk. i/ fes/ w? NZeo ikJ/ sK okik s/ T[;
d/ tIho, wko wko gokDhnK fJjBK pbdK dh EK T[jBK
i'tK s/ ;koh fdjkVh T[jBk e'b'A ezw eotktK.
okik L (nZr/ nk e/) pJh eh rZb j' rJh. oki/ B/ s/ok eh ftrkV
sk, i' T[j rkbQK eZYh ikBk J/A <
fe;kB L sz{ oki/ dk wkwk brdk J/A, fijVk s? J/Bk d[Zy j'fJnk
J/. (okik vodk fgZS/ j' iKdk J/.)
tIho L BjhA, BjhA fJjBK dk wsbp ;h fe s[;hA ;k nkgDk d[Zy
d;' PkfJd n;hA s[jkvh e'Jh wdd eo ;ehJ/.
fe;kB L T[J/ s[;hA eh wdd eo'r/, s[;hA s/ nkg G[Zy/ Bzr/ dhAjd/ U.
okik L go c/o th dZ; sK ;jh, s/ok oki/ Bkb eh d[Zy J/ <
fe;kB L brdk J/ sz{ Io{o oki/ d/ ;j[fonK u'A J/A, fijVh s? J/Bh
ghV j'Jh nk. (jZE tkbh ;'Nh ftyk e/) nkj t/y bk go?Dh,
id'A tZih Bk s//o/ fgSb/ gk;/ sK BkBh u/s/ nk ikDh nk s?
s/ Bkb/ s/o/ oki/ s/ T[; d/ tIhoK . ikT[ d"V ikU J/E'A.

58
tIho L Goktk ` n;hA th s/o/ tor/ Jh nK. sz{ ;kv/ e[M s/ gZb/ gk. n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
okik L feT[A rkbQK eZY e/ nkgDh I[pkB rzdh eodk J/A. nk ik HHH tZN LIwhB
J/E/ y/s dh tZN s/ pfj e/ ;kv/ Bkb nkgDk d[Zy ;KMk eo. fjZf;nK ftu
fe;kB L t/y' Gokt' ` i/ ;kvk okik uzrk j't/, uzr/ okfinK tKrz{ oki tzvD bJh fwZNh
eo/ sK ;G mhe mke j't/. ;kv/ fgzv u iK fe;/ Pfjo dh pDh j'Jh
T[~uh gkb
e;p/ u u'o T[uZe/ BIo Bk nkT[D. xo u PKsh j't/
jkb
s/ pkjo th PKs j't/. fJE/ sK Goktk jo t/b/ jkb gkjfonk gkjfonk Lo"bk^oZgk, uhe
j'Jh ofjzdh nk. w/oh Xh w[fNnko, go w/oh IBkBh fujkVk, p[oh
rs
fpwko. d'tK u e'Jh th GZsk b? e/ nk BjhA ;edh.
p/jhnK Lpk;hnK
j[D w?A J/E/ p/jhnK o'NhnK nuko rzY/ Bkb yk e/ r[Ikok
fvnK Leo fojk jK
eoB fvnK. b[u/ LpdwkP
okik L go fJ; u oki/ dk eh e;{o < nfjbeko LB"eo, w[bkIw,
fe;kB L (rZ[;/ Bkb) e;{o < ;kok e;{o Jh oki/ dk nk. id'A itkB nj[d/dko
e[VhnK o'NhnK b? e/ nkT[AdhnK sK okj u w[PNzv/ yV/ wkbhnk LN?e;

jz[d/ nk, fijV/ nkT[AdhnK iKdhnK ;kvhnK XhnK G?DK bk;K LfBPkB, Bhb

S/Vd/ nk. eJh b[u/ sK IBkBhnK dhnK tkbhnK bkj b?Ad/

B/, u?BhnK bkj b?Ad/ B/. XhnK G?DK dk xoK u'A fBebDk
w[Peb j'fJnk fgnk. w/oh shthA fpwko nk. fe;/ th
;oekoh dtkykB/ u e'Jh uZi Bkb dtk^dko{ BjhA eodk. w?A
s/ ;[fDnk ;oekoh t?d jehw pzfdnK d/ nzdo'A uho^
ckV eoe/ eJh e[M eZY e/ t/u fdzd/ nk. J/;/ vo'A n;hA
;oekoh dtkykB/ BjhA tVd/. w?A j[D xo t/yK fe y/s < i/
y/sK u ezw Bk eoK sK c;b BjhA j'Dh. i/ c;b Bk j'Jh
sK nfjbekoK wkbhnk feE'A dT{Ark. T[J/ ;kv/ fgzv d/
eJh fe;kB sK wkbhnk d/D d/ vo'A Bfjo u v[Zp e/ wo
rJ/. T[J/ w?A c/o efjBK wo ikJ/ fJj' fijk okik ihjd/
oki u fe;kB \[de[PhnK eo eoe/ woB vj/ B/. J/j' fij/
oki/ d/ ehV/ g?D, ihjd/ oki u ;oekoh dtkykB/, PwPkB^
xkN pD rJ/. (T[jBK d'tK tZb t/y e/) j[D s[;hA th w/o/
Bkb oki/ rkbQK eZY' BjhA s/ wko wko gokDhnK bk;K
gk dT{A.

59
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE okik s/ tIho L BjhA BjhA Goktk, n;hA BjhA rkbQK eZY ;ed/. n;hA ub/ nK.
nkeh Lpkrh, j[ e w fe;kB L ub/ feE/ U (oki/ s/ tIho d/ fJe fJe ;'Nh wkodk j?) p?m'
nd{bh eoB J/E/ s' p'b' l UJ/ okfink s/ok p/Vk roe j' i/.
tkb/
okik s/ tIho L (vod/ vod/ p'bd/ B/) T[J/ okfink s/ok p/Vk roe j' i/.
u{bk Le{ b k, Yke,
bZe iK ewo fe;kB L (d'tK ) d't/A J/;/ soQK p'bd/ p'bd/ nrb/ fgzv skJhA
d/ BIdhe dk gj[zu ikU.
nzr
(okik s/ tIho T[J/ okfink s/ok eZy Bk oj/, s/ok p/Vk
roe j' ikJ/, efjzd/ efjzd/ o'Ad/ j'J/ pkjo iKd/ B/.)
s'sk w?Bk L G/; tNk e/ G/s b?D rJ/
G/s ;ko/ y[bQ rJ/
G/s ;ko/ y[bQ rJ/
go jkb/ e[M j'o G/s
y[bQD/ i' pkeh B/
oki/ d/ f;gkjh sK
oki/ s'A jh nkeh B/
oki/ brdk ;h ;G e[M mhe J/
go ;G e[M mhe BjhA
fJj sK g[okDh ohs J/
fJj oki/ dh goik
i' nzdo'A fbpVh fbpVh
s/ pkjo'A BQksh BQksh
b'e' jkb/ ikfJU Bk
jkb/ sK pj[s MkehnK
i' s[;hA d/yDhnK B/ pkeh
(fJe gk;/ s'A fJe p[ZYh wkJh nkT[Adh j?. ekch d[Zyh j? s/
T[~uh^T[~uh o"bk gk ojh j?.)
p[ZYh L t/ eb?QfDnk okfink, t/ s/ok eZy Bk ot/, jkJ/ w?A wo rJh
t/ okfink, s/ok d[o fcN/^wz{j. t/ okfink p[ZY/ tko/ w/ok
u{bk N[ZN frnk sK w? t/yD tkbk sK e'Jh th BjhA.
t/ okfink s/ok eZy Bk oj/.(d{i/ gk;/ s'A okik s/ tIho
nkT[Ad/ B/.)

60
tIho L jI{o w;K w;K T[; fe;kB e'b'A pu e/ nkJ/ nK, j[D J/; n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

p[ZYVh dhnK rkbQK B/ ;k ek;/ i'rk BjhA i/ SZvDk. ek;/ Lfe;h

okik L go J/; g[ShJ/ s/ ;jh fe fJj d[Zy ehJ/ < rP Lp/;[os, p/j'Ph
tIho L jI{o, fJjd/ d[Zy dk s/ w? gsk BjhA, go w?A pVk d[yh i/.
okik L pJh sz{ dZ[yh feT[A J/A < sz{ s/ okiwjZb ftu tXhnk EK s/
ofj fojk J/A. tXhnk sohe/ dh fIzdrh ihn fojk J/A. s?
eh d[Zy j' ;edk J/ <
tIho L jI{o, w? fJe' d[Zy J/ fe n?BhnK rkbQK s/ w? wK^fgT[ B/
th BjhA eZYhnK fizBhnK j[D ;[DBhnK g? ojhnK B/.
okik L T[J/ p/te{|k ` sz{ eZbk s/ BjhA rkbQK ;[DB tkbk, n;hA th
s/ s/o/ Bkb nK.
tIho L jI{o, J/;/ bJh sK w? rkbQK ;[DBhnK g? ojhnK, feT[Afe w?A
s[jkv/ Bkb nK.
okik L e'Jh Bk, f|eo Bk eo. nk gfjbK J/; wkJh g[ZShJ/ s/
;jh. (p[ZYh d/ e'b ik e/)
tIho L eh rZb j' rJh wksk <
p[[ZYh L t/ Yfj ikfDnK w?A fes/ wksk nK. s? s/o/ wK fgT[ B/ p'bD
dh iku BjhA dZ;h s/ nkgD/ s'A tZfvnK Bkb fet/A p'bhdk nk.
tIho L j'o d;', n;hA s[jk eh ejhJ/ <
p[ZYh L t/ i' nkgDh wK efjBk J/A <
tIho L T[j s/ w?A wK ih efj e/ p[bkT[Bk tK.
p[ZYh L s/ c/o w? wK ih efjD bZfrnK s? rP g?Adh nk.
okik L ;kE'A G[Zb j' rJh wK ih, j[D dZ;' s[jk eh d[Zy J/ i' oki/
rkbQK eZYh iKd/ T[.
p[ZYVh L t/ g[Zso' w? fszB ;kb j' rJ/ wzrsh pD e/ r[Ikok eofdnK
. wo ikJ/ okik. fijdh c"i ftu w/ok fJe' fJe g[Zs
frnk, tkg; BjhA nkfJnk. wzr szr e/ r[Ikok eodh nK,
g[Zs pko/ gsk bZrk ;h fe izr u wo frnk. go w/ok fdb
BjhA wzBdk. J/;/ nk;o/ s[oh fcodh nK fe edh sK w/ok g[Zso
nkJ/rk. i' w? ;[Zy dJ/rk.
okik L go wK ih, s[;hA oki/ e'b |fonkd feT[A BjhA ehsh <

61
izr LbVkJh p[ZYh L t/ T[; nT[Aso/ e'b ftjb jh feE/ nk b'eK dhnK |fonkdK
M'eh LG/iDk, ;[DB dh. Bkb/ w?A T[jd/ e'b'A eh wzrK, T[j s/ nkg wzrsk
Ipod;sh XZe
d/Dk
pfDnk yb'sk d{finK d/PK d/ nZr/. eJh j'o okfinK dk
G'An LIwhB T[; B/ eoIk d/Dk nk s/ T[j' r[nKYhnK Bkb fBs gzr/ b? e/
owkB Lnkokw wo ikDk okik fBZs izr bkJh oZydk tk. w?A efjBh nK
J/; izr u i/ fes/ oki/ dk nkgDk g[Zso frnk j[zdk sK T[jdk
ekbik wZudk. ;kv/ rohpK d/ pZu/ izr u M'eh oZyd?. w?A
g[ZSdh nK fJj oki/ izrK eod/ Jh feT[A B/. fJjBK e'b'A
owkB Bkb, PKsh Bkb nkg' nkgD/ xohA BjhA p?fmnk iKdk.
gJh dZ;' s[;hA uZgk e[ G'An b? e/ j'o eh eo bT[r/ i/
n?v/ tZv/ d/P Bkb BjhA oZi ;e/. (o'Adh j'Jh s[o g?Adh j?)
w?A efjBh nK bZy bkjBs J/j' i/j/ okfinK d/ fijV/ wktK d/
g[Zso wotkJh iKd/ nkt/ okfiU s[jkvk eZy Bk ot/ t/.
(iKdh j?)
okik L b? pJh fJj wkJh s/ fJe oki/ BjhA ;kfonK rkbQK eZYh
iKdh nk.
tIho L wjkoki ` wktK bJh g[Zs th ;ko/ fJe' ij/ j[zd/ B/ s/ oki/ th.
okik L sz{ eh p[MkosK gkT[D bZr fgnk.
tIho L jI{o, p[Mkos s/ T[; wkJh B/ gkJh ;h. i' w?A s/ p[ZM bJh
j[D s[jkvh tkoh J/.
okik L uZb j[D tkg; ubhJ/.
tIho L jI{o J/Bh ibdh.
okik L feT[A jkb/ e'Jh e;o pkeh J/.
tIho L w? brdk sK J/dK Jh J/.
okik L T[j fet/A <
(fJe gk;/ s'A fJe pI[or d/ uheD dh ntkI nkT[Adh J/.
jkJ/ jkJ/ ezvk u[ZG frnk. T[J/ jkJ/ w?A wo frnK.)
tIho L bT[ jI{o j[D/ gsk bZr iKdk. (pI[or bkr/ nkT[Adk j?.)
p[ZYk L jkJ/ T[J/ ezYk u[ZG frnk, w?A wo frnk T[J/.
okik L (j"bh fijh tIho ) b? pJh nk gfjbk pzdk Jh, fijVk
efjzdk w?A wo frnK. fijB/ jkb/ se oki/ rkbQ BjhA eZYh.

62
p[ZYk L jkJ/ T[J/ wo ikJ/A okfink, s/ok p/Vk roe ikJ/. ihjd/ oki n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
u pI[orK d/ g?oK u ezv/ u[ZGh iKd/ nk. J/dK LfJ; soQK
okik L (e'b nk e/) go pI[or' i/ ezvk s[jkv/ g?o u u[ZfGnk sK ;{b Lezvk
d[ofcZN/ wz{j Ld[oekoBk,
fJjd/ u oki/ dk eh e;{o J/.
fsq;ekoBk
p[ZYk L e;{o Jh ;kok oki/ dk nk ihjd/ oki u J/Bk rzd fgnk,
uZs' gfjo Ljw/Pk
i/ ;ckJh j'Jh j't/ sK ;kv/ g?ok u ezv/ feT[A u[ZGD < w[[ypoK Li;{;K
tIho L pI[or' ezvk sK Ikbw J/, fbnkU w?A eZY fdnK.
p[ZYk L ofjD d/ T[J/ tZfvnk jwdodk. w?A nkg/ eZY bT{A.
tIho L BjhA pI[or' n;hA ekjd/ bJh nK.
p[ZYk L e'Jh ;{Jh j?rh nk.
okik L BjhA.
p[ZYk L e'Jh ;{b jh cV fbnkU tZvh ;koh.
okik L ;{b T[j eh eoBh nk <
p[ZYk L ;{b fijVh s/o/ T[; fgT[ oki/ eoe/ c;h nk T[j eZYDh BjhA.
okik L ;{b, ;{b Bkb eZYDh nK <
p[ZYk L T[J/ p/nefbnk ;[Dh BjhA ejkts fe ezv/ Bkb ezv/ eZfYnk frnk.
okik L go w/o/ e'b sK sbtko nk.
pZ[ZYk L d[o fcN/ wz{j s/ok, edh e'Jh sbtko Bkb th ;{b eZYdk nk.
sbtkoK Bkb izr bVhdh J/.
okik L pI[or', s[jk sK oki/ dh c"i u j'Dk ukjhdk ;h.
p[ZYk L (r[Z;/ u) oki/ dh c"i u. fJ; e[Zs/ oki/ dh c"i u. (tIho
r[Z;k nkT[Adk j?, go okik o'e b?Adk j?) fiE/ uZs/ gfjo
u'o^T[ue/ nfjbekoK Bkb fwb e/ fdB^fdjkV/ vke/ wkod/
B/. r[nKYh r[nKYh s/ Go';k BjhA. b'ehA feeoK SKr^SKr
e/ xoK d[nkb/ tkV eoB vj/ B/. eh gsk w[ypoK Bkb fwb
e/ r[nKYh okik uVQ nkt/. bVB oki/ s/ woB b'e. d[o fcN/
wz{j s/ok s/ Bkb/ s/o/ oki/ dk. (T[;/ soQK bzrVkT[Adk j'fJnk
ubk iKdk j?)
s'sk^w?Bk L j[D sz{ th e[M p'b okfink
fdb dh x[zvh y'bQ okfink

63
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE p'b okfink p'b okfink
;'ek Lrowh, ;[Zek, fdb dhnK gosK c'b okfink
whAj B g?D dh go okik eh p'b/
;fEsh
T[j sK Eo Eo v'b/
ekb Ln e k b dh
tIho L feT[A jI{o, eh jkb ukb J/ <
;fEsh, nzB s/
XB dh xkN j' okik L brdk J/, fJj s/oh e'Jh BthA ukb J/.
rJh, E[VQ tIho L jI{o goik fwb e/ brdk.
froM LfrZX, fJe gzSh fit/A uko/ gk;/ ;'ek s/ ekb J/.
okik L ;k e[M eoBk ukjhdk. (fJe vZv{ o"bk gkT[Adk nkT[Adk j?.)
vZv{ L jkJ/ T[J/ okfink, s/ok eZy Bk oj/, s/o/ \kBdkB dk eZy Bk ot/.
okik L j?A fJj eh <
tIho L fJj th. (okik tIho vZv{ e'b iKd/ B/.)
okik L feT[A T[J/ vZv{nk, s? eh j' frnk. feT[A oki/ rkbQK
eZYh ikB?A.
vZv{ L sz{ eh eo bJ/Ark w/ok, j'Dh tkgo rJh J/.
okik L fejVh j'Dh.
vZv{ L froM w/o/ ;kEh yk rJh.
okik L go J/; u oki/ dk eh e;{o <
vZv{ L sz{ e;{o g[ZSdk J/A < ekb tofsnk fgnk. b'ehA vzro gP{
b? e/ d{i/ oki ftu ub/ rJ/ B/. oki/ d/ nfjbeko ;kv/ ;kEh
ikBtoK dk fPeko eoh ik oj/ B/. ikBto vod/ izrbK
u ik b[e/ B/. oki/ d/ f;gkjhnK B/ izrb eNtkT[D/ P[o{ eo
fdZs/ B/. T[E/ tZv/ tZv/ wfjb T[;ko oj/ B/. eJhnK B/ ;kv/
;kEh ikBtoK fgzifonK u pzd eo ofynk J/. j[D n;hA
ikJhJ/ s/ feE/ ikJhJ/. T[J/ s[jkv/ w{oy oki/ BjhA gsk
i/ izrb eNtk fdZs/ sK jfonkbh \sw j' ikT{, whAj BjhA
g?D/, mzvhnK jtktK BjhA ubDhnK. i/ ;kv/ ;kEh ikBtoK dk
J/;/ soQK fPeko j[zdk fojk sK c/o e'Jh ikBto Xosh s/
BjhA puDk. nkgDh nkT[D tkbh B;b c/o s[;hA p;
feskpK ftu jh ikBtoK dhnK c'N'nK ftykT[Ad/ ofjDk^s/
fejk eoBk L

64
 fJe ;h fuVh s/ fJe ;h eK n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

wo ikJ/ s[jkv/ oki/ dh wK fBezwk Lp/eko

fi; izfwnk n?;k okik fBezwk eheD Lfet/A
(efjzdk efjzdk iKdk j?.) e'stkbh Lw[Zy g[fb;
;N/PB, g[fb;
s'sk^w?Bk L j[D okik eh p'b/, eheD x[zvh y'b/
EkDk
j[D okik e[M efj BjhA ;edk
Pofwzdrh T[j ;fj BjhA ;edk
go e[M sK eoBk g?Dk, i/ok oZyDk g?Dk
s/ ;G e[M ;fjDk g?Dk
(okik s/ tIho d{i/ gk;/ s'A nkT[Ad/ B/.)
okik L uZb T[J/ Goktk, uZb tkg; wfjbK ubhJ/.
tIho L go jI{o ` jkb/ sK n;hA E'fVnK Jh fwb/ nK, Iok j'o
nZr/ sK ubhJ/.
okik L T[J/, ;kvh E'fVnK B/ jh s;Zbh eotk sh nk. j[D j'o e'Jh
e;o pkeh ofj rJh nk. fijVk nZr/ ikD efj foj?A.
tIho L c/o th jI{o, w? brdk J/ fe ;k nkg nkgD/ f;gkjhnK
dh ekor[Ikoh e'stkbh u ik e/ t/yDh ukjhdh nk. eh gsk
goik ;kv/ e'b M{mhnK Pe?sK jh Bk bkT[Adh j't/.
okik L rZb sK s/oh mhe J/, uZb n;hA j[D e'stkbh ubd/ nK.
tIho L ub' jI{o. (d't/A s[od/ B/.)
s'sk^w?Bk L bT[ t/y' oki/ dh e'stkbh dk jkb
J/E/ wkV/ w'N/ dh rbdh BjhA dkb
s[jkvh rZb sK ;[Ddh i/ i/p u j't/ wkb
;G ;/m Pkj{eko ubd/ B/ nkgDh ukb
rohp goik dk J/E/ e'Jh Bk g[ZSdk jkb
J/E/ sK ftSkfJnk iKdk J/ ekB dk ikb
J/E/ sK vzvk J/ okik s/ tIho J/ rkbQ
(e'stkbh dk ;hB. jtkbdko s/ f;gkjh fJe rohp IwhB
s/ fbNk e/ T[; d/ vzv/ wko oj/ B/ s/ rkbQK eZY oj/ B/. rohp
uhy fojk J/ pukUHHHpukU, jI{o j'o Bk wko' w?A u'oh BjhA
ehsh ih.)

65
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE e'stkb L (bzw/ gJ/ j'J/ nkdwh d/ vzvk wko e/) j[D p'b wjhBk
i/ok Lfirok, fjzws ;w/A f;o g[ukJ/Ark fe BjhA.
wjhBk Ljo wjhB/
nkdwh L (o'Ad/ j'J/) jI{o, wkJh pkg Io{o gj[zuktKrk.
foPts d/D s'A
Gkt e'stkb L Bkrk s/ BjhA g?D dJ/Ark.
Bkrk L}?o jkIoh, nkdwh L BjhA jI{o, w? p\P fdT[.
S[ZNh e'stkb L uzrk j[D fsZso j' ik BjhA sK e[ZeV pDk e/ X[Zg/ gNk c/oz{rk.
fsZso
(nkdwh iKdk j?) (e'stkbh d/ pkjo yVQ/ okik s/ tIho
j' ikDk Ld"V ikDk
;G t/y oj/ B/. nkdwh T[jBK d/ e'b'A dh bzxdk j'fJnk
p'bdk j?.)
nkdwh L T[J/ t/fynk i/ Goktk, fJE/ rohp fet/A e[fNnk s/ b[fNnk
iKdk J/, w?A efjBk wo ikJ/ fJj' fijk okik ihjd/ oki u
fdB fdjkV/ fJB;kc xoK u p/fJB;k|h j'D vjh nk.
okik L go sz{ Io{o e'Jh e;{o ehsk j'D?.
nkdwh L e;{o s/oh wK dk f;o ehsk tk. Pfjo d/ tZv/ u"e u
o/jVh bk e/ ;kwkB t/udk ;K. fJj f;gkjh efjzd/ ;k
wjhBk Gfonk eo. d;' w?A rohp feE'A wjhBk GoK. fJjBK
ftjbVK bJh.
okik L uZb nk w/o/ Bkb w?A rZb eodk tK.
nkdwh L go sz{ e"D J/A <
okik L w?AHHHw?A Bkb d/ fgzv dk ;ogzu, nk w/o/ Bkb. (fszBA' nzdo iKd/ B/.)
okik L (e'stkb ) eh rZb J/, e'stkb ;kfjp s[;hA fJ; rohp
feT[A e[fNnk, w?A oki/ e'b s/oh fPekfJs eoKrk.
e'stkb L sz{ fJjdk wkwk brdk J/A, i' fJjdh f;ckoP eoB nkfJnk
J/A. T[J/ iK s/ sz{ fJjdh EK wjhBk Go fdnk eo. BjhA s/
fsZso j' ik J/E'A.
okik L sz{ ikDdk BjhA ehjd/ Bkb rZb eo foj?A <
e'stkb L T[J/ rKj ik, s/o/ tor/ eJh nkT[Ad/ B/. (f;gkjh ) T[J/
Gwhoh bkb gk fJjBK d'tK th bzwk, nkJ/ tZv/ jw?shJ/.
(f;gkjh okik s/ tIho bzw/ gk e/ eZ[Ndk j?. d't/A uhed/
B/. nkdwh T[jBK e[ZN g?Adh t/y e/ fy;e iKdk j?.)

66
e'stkb L feT[A pZu{ j[D gsk bZrk, nkJ/ tZv/ jw?shJ/, efjzd/ ;h oki/ e'b n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

fPekfJs eoKr/. T[J/ J/E/ ;kvh e'stkbh u oki oki/ dk BjhA jw?shJ/ Lwddrko,
vzv/ dk J/. ub' d/t/A iD/ w[ork pD' s/ p'b/jI{o ;k w[nk| so|dkoh eoB
tkb/, gZy g{oB
eo'. (okik s/ tIho w[ork pDd/ B/ s/ p'bd/ B/.) tkb/
okik^tIho L jI{o ;k w[nk| eo'. Broh LBro, Pfjo
e'stkb L d"V ikT[ J/E'A i/ w[V e/ BIo nkJ/ sK nzdo eo dz{ nzdo.
(d't/A d"V e/ pkjo ;Ve tZb iKd/ B/. e'stkb s/ f;gkjh ub/
iKd/ B/.)
tIho L feT[A jI{o j[D feXo ikDk i/ <
okik L j[D s/ fes/ ikD i'r/ oj/ Jh BjhA.
tIho L BjhA, ;oeko tkg; wfjbK ubhJ/.
okik L J/; soQK N[ZN/ GZi/ <
tIho L iBkp iktKr/ sK N[ZN/ GZi/ jh, go ;p{fsnK tKr iktKr/.
okik L s/ ;kvh Broh dk eh pD/rk <
tIho L jI{o, J/; Broh N[ZN GZi dh nkds g? rJh J/. s[;hA
t/fyT[ T[;/ soQK fJe gk;/ ftnkj w[ebkt/ j' oj/ j'Dr/. d{i/
gk;/ noEhnK th fBeb ojhnK j'DrhnK.
okik L go b'eK fwbKr/ fet/A <
tIho L fit/A gfjbK fwbd/ ;K (rZb pdb e/) ;k Bkno/ bkT[D/
nkT[Ad/ B/. nkj go/PkBh sK ;k G/; pdbD eoe/ T[mkT[Dh
gJh J/. ub' wfjbK ubhJ/ s/ ;[Zy dh BhAd ;"AJhJ/.
okik L go T[j s'sk w?Bk dh g[eko.
tIho L jI{o fJj' fij/ eJh s's/, fJj' fijhnK eJh w?Bk g[eko g[eko
e/ jzG rJ/, go ;kvh f;js s/ e'Jh n;o fgnk.
BjhA Bk s/ g?Dk th BjhA.
fJj oki ;dk ;h J/dK
s/ J/dK jh ofjDk
s/ J/dK jh ofjDk
(efjzd/ efjzd/ iKd/ B/.)
s'sk^w?Bk L i/ oki ;dk s'A J/dK
sK J/dK BjhA ofjDk

67
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE M{m w{m s/ T[;fonk
y'bk Lpr?o SZs s'A fJj wfjb sK fJe fdB YfjDk
ns/ YZ m hnK okfink oki eo/Afdnk
ezXK dk e'mk
sz{ j' frT[A feT[A p'bk t/
s/o/ fjZ;/ wfjb w[Bko/
feT[A ;kv/ fjZ;/ y'bk t/
okfink oki eo/Afdnk
;dk oki Bk J/dK ofjDk t/
i' ;kv/ nZyhA xZN gk fojk
j[D b'eK B/ Bk ;fjDk t/
s/ok wfjb sK fJe fdB YfjDk t/
j[D b'eK B/ Bk ;fjDk t/.
e/tb Xkbhtkb

fN~gDh
T[go'es fJeKrh ftu fJeKrheko e/tb Xkbhtkb B/ oki^gqpzX ftu
ewhnK j'D ekoB b'eK d/ d[y^dod T[GkoB dh e'fPP ehsh j?. s'sk^w?Bk
d' gksoK d/ wkBtheoB dh i[rs okjhA Bkekok gqPk;B T[go ftnzr eZf;nk
frnk j?. G/; pdb e/ b'eK ftu ftuod/ okik s/ tIho d/ gkso fJeKrh
dh ;wZf;nk j'o g[\sk o{g ftu g/P eod/ jB. fe;kB, pI[or, n"os,
vZv{, nkdwh, e'stkb nkfd gkso ;wki ftub/ ftrkV j{pj{ gq;s[s eod/
BIo nkT[Ad/ jB. s'sk^w?Bk d/ feodko ekfte^nzdkI ftu oki/ T[; dhnK
fIzw/tkohnK dk nfj;k; eokT[Ad/ jB.

nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) G/; tNk e/ b'eK ftu e"D iKd/ jB <
(ii) fe;kB, oki/ s/ tIho fet/A wkodk^e[ZNdk j? <
(iii) w? wK ih efjD bZfrnK s? rP g?Adh nk, fJj Ppd fe; B/
fe; ej/ <
(iv) ;{Jh e"D fe; e'b'A wzrdk j? <

68
 (v) froM fe; d/ ;kEh yk rJh <
(vi) e'stkb, nkdwh feT[A wkodk j? < s/ okik e'stkb ;kjwD/
nkgD/ nkg d;dk j? <
(vii) s'sk^w?Bk feZE/ rk oj/ ;B < fJBQK d/ rhs okjhA fJeKrheko eh
;[B/jk d/ fojk j?. nkgD/ ftuko 100 PpdK ftu fby'.

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) w"i{dk oki^gqpzX pko/ fJ;/ soQK d/ fJe j'o fJeKrh dh w"fbe
ouBk eo'.
(ii) eh s[;hA ;wMd/ j' fe b'eK dhnK d[Zy^sebh|K B/sktK tb'A T[BQK
Bkb ;KM gk e/ d{o ehshnK ik ;edhnK jB < nkgD/ ftukoK dh
g[PNh bJh dbhbK fdT[.
(iii) fGqPNkuko s/ oki^gqpzX dk pj[s BIdheh tkbk ;zpzX j? < fJ;
d{o eoB bJh nkgD/ ;[MktK T[go o"PBh gkT[.

nH jI{o, J/; Broh N[~N^G~i dh nkds g? rJh J/. s[;hA t/fyT[ T[;/ soQK
fJe gk;/ ftnkj^w[ebkt/ j' oj/ j'Dr/. d{i/ gk;/ noEhnK th fBeb
ojhnK j'DrhnK. tIho dh T[go'es fN~gDh s'A eh Gkt j? < fJ; ;'u
fet/A pdfbnk ik ;edk j? < edoK^ehwsK d/ nkXko T[go nkgDk
fdqPNhe'D g/P eo'.

JH g[fb;^gqpzX ftu c?b/ fGqPNkuko do;kT[Adk fJe gq'i?eN fsnko eo'.

69
 phph GkBh ih

r[o{ wfjb gozgok ;kvk fto;k, ;kvh PkB s/ ;kvk r"ot j?. T[j nfijk ukBD
w[Bkok ;B fiBQK s/ g{oh fJ;soh iksh wkD j?. T[BQK ftu fJe nfijh
Pesh ;h fiXo th r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ fJPkok eo fdZsk nzsw ;tk;K sZe
T[; nkfrnk s'V fBGkfJnk. T[BQK r[o{ wfjbK ftu'A r[o{ okwdk; ih d/
wfjb phph GkBh ih dk Bkw nkdoP f;Zy ;[nkDhnK ftu frfDnk iKdk j?.
phph GkBh ih r[o{ gsBh s/ r[o{ wksk j'D d/ Bkb^Bkb j'o foPfsnK dh
S'j Bkb r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb ;zpzXs ;B. wksk ih r[o{ nwodk; ih s'A b?
e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih sZe fe;/ Bk fe;/ foPs/ ftu i[V/ ;B. phph
GkBh ih B/ gsh ns/ fgsk d/ foPs/ ftu wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkJh. T[BQK
dk iBw T[; ;w/A j'fJnk id'A f;Zy Xow nkgDhnK iVQK ek|h jZd se iwk
u[Zfenk ;h.
phph GkBh ih dk iBw r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ xo wksk wB;k d/th dh
e[Zy'A, fgzv pk;oe/, fIbQk ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ 1590 ftu j'fJnk. r[o{ nwodk;
ih d/ xo d' bVehnK g?dk j'JhnK, fiBQK ftu'A
phph GkBh ih S'N/ ;B. pugB s'A jh, phph
GkBh ih nkgD/ fgsk dh ;/tk ftu bZr/ ofjzd/
;B. T[BQK dh r[o{^Grsh s/ ;/tk^Gkt t/y
e/ jh T[BQK dk BK GkBh oZfynk frnk. T[BQK
B/ nkgD/ ihtB ftu nfsnzs ;z[do ekoBkw/

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

ehs/. fJe tko fgsk ih d/ fJPBkB d"okB
u"eh dk gktk N[ZN frnk. r[o{ ;kfjp e'Jh
r[o{ wfjb L r[o{ xo Bkb
;zpzXs r[o{ w[Peb Bk nkt/ fJ; bJh gkt/ dh EK T[BQK B/
gsBhnK nkgDk jZE oZy fdZsk. fgsk d/ g[ZSD s/ e'Jh
itkp Bk fdZsk s/ pVh fPZds Bkb fJ; dk
;kjwDk ehsk.

70
 phph GkBh ih dh fIzdrh dk n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

pj[s tZvk fjZ;k fgsk s/ nkgD/ ghoh L;zs^wjkswk

g[Zso dh d/yGkb ftu r[Ifonk. bJh gq E k,
w[esh
r[o{ xo d/ ;ko/ ekoiK pko/ fgsk
whoh LokiBhse
ns/ gsh s'A ikDekoh bJh. nwhoh,
gzit/A r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ i' th pkdPkjh
gqkgshnK ehshnK T[BQK dh fwjBs GkBh L GkDk wzBD
tkbh (fJZE/
dk |b ;h. go Bkb jh phph
Gkt j? phph
GkBh dhnK n;h;K th ;B. GkBh)
phph ih B/ nkgD/ pI[orK d[nkok nozG ehs/ ;ko/ ekoiK ;cbskg{ote Mzi'VBk L fjbk d/Dk
fBGkT[D dh ;bkj fdZsh. T[BQK B/ xo/b{ ihtB ;[yktK pBkT[D bJh yo/ T[soBk L g{ok T[soBk
ftP/P :'rdkB gkfJnk. r[o{ jfor'fpzd ih d/ gkbD^g'PD ftu phph GkBh ih
dk ftP/P :'rdkB j?. wK GkBh dhnK poesK tkbhnK b'ohnK B/ fJe nfij/
:'X/ iBw fdZsk fi; B/ r[o{ xo ftu ubdh nk ojh PKs bfjo Mzi'V
e/ ghoh d/ Bkb whoh th i'V fdZsh.
ftnkj :'r j'D s/ wksk wB;k d/th ih B/ r[o{ nwodk; ih nZr/ fIeo
ehsk. T[BQK B/ g[Zsoh bJh to bZGD bJh fejk. fJj fJZSk th gqrN ehsh
fe to GkJh i/mk tork j'Dk ukjhdk j?. r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fejk fe GkJh i/mk
sK i/mk jh j' ;edk j? T[; s'A f;tkJ/ j'o e'Jh BjhA. i/mk ih t/yD pj[s
jh ;z[do ;B. fJ; soQK i/mk ih ftnkj bJh u[fDnk frnk. ftnkj s'A
pknd phph GkBh ih s/ i/mk ih r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ B/V/ jh ofjD bZr/.
r[o{ ih B/ eJh tko i/mk ih dh gqhfynk bJh, fi; ftu T[j jo tko yo/
T[so/. phph ih d/ xo fszB g[ZsoK B/ iBw fbnk fiBQK ftu'A fgqEh uzd ih
gfjb/, wjKd/t ih d{i/ ns/ r[o{ noiB d/t ih ;G s'A S'N/ ;B. phph ih
nzdo wB[Zysk d/ jkt^Gkt e[ZN^e[ZN e/ Go/ j'J/ ;B.
phph ih B/ e[M nfij/ ihtB^w[ZbK dk gquko s/ gq;ko ehsk i' sg,
fsnkr, ;/tk^Gkt s/ e[opkBh d/ iIp/ Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk ;h. fJfsjk;
nfs BkI[e s/ ;zeN Go/ d"o ftu fJe wjkB fIzw/tkoh ;"AgDh ;h. r[o{
nwodk; ih B/ phph GkBh ih to wzrD bJh fejk sK nkg B/ r[o{ gozgok
nkgD/ jh tzP ftu ubdh ofjD dk to wzfrnk. go nkg ih gsk BjhA
;h fe fpBK ftuko/ i' to nkg B/ wzfrnk j? T[; dk Bshik ;zeNK s'A ofjs

71
BjhA j't/rk, ns/ fJjh eEB GftZy ftu ;jh fBefbnk. r[o{ noiB d/t ih,
r[o{ s/} pjkdo ih s/ ;kfjpIkfdnK fezM e[opkBhnK d/DhnK gJhnK. go
uVQdh ebk ftu ofjD tkbh nkswk nkgD/ d[ZyK ftu Gkt[e j' e/ v'bh BjhA
;r'A fJ; rZb dk nfj;k; eotkfJnk fe nfij/ fdb fjbk d/D tkb/ I[bw
T[BQK dk \kBdkB jh ;fj ;edk j?. T[BQK B/ d[Zy^;[y Bdh d/ d' feBkfonK
dh soQK fbnk. i' fe nkg; ftu fwbd/ BjhA go nkgDh j'Ad dk nfj;k;
Io{o eotkT[Ad/ jB.
f;Zy Xow ftu r[o^gsBh ;BwkB dh fdqPNh Bkb t/fynk iKdk j? sK jh
s/ T[BQK r[o{^wfjb Bkw Bkb ;zp'fXs ehsk iKdk j?. T[AM sK f;Zy Xow ftu r[o{
wfjbK B/ nkgDh ;woZEk nB[;ko :'rdkB gkfJnk j? go Grsh Gkt d[nkok i'
;EkB phph GkBh ih gqkgs j'fJnk j?, j'o fe;/ jk;b BjhA j'fJnk.
phph GkBh ih r[o{ Gkt,
;/tk Gkt oZyD tkb/, ePN ;fjD
ftu ;kj;h, fwjBsh s/ d{o nzd/
Ph ;B. r[o{ xo dh ;/tk, bzro
dh ;/tk eoB ftu wkfjo phph
GkBh B/ fJ; rZb dh ;'Mh th
fdZsh fe ;po, ;zs'y Bkb d[ZyK
;fjDk ukjhdk j? sK jh r[o{
oZfynk eodk j?. 1655 JhH ftu
phph ih r'fJzdtkb fty/ i'sh^i's ;wk rJ/. nkgDh e"w bJh uzrh ;/X gqdkB
eoB tkbh phph GkBh ih torh P\;hns dh b'V j? i' e"w s/ fJfsjk; BtK
w'V d/ ;e/.
;[yftzdo e"o

fN~gDh
fJ; gkm s'A ;k phph GkBh ih d/ ihtB pko/ ikDekoh fwbdh j?. phph
GkBh ih nzdo nEkj ;/tk, PoXk, fgnko, ftPtk; s/ ufoZso dh ;kc ;[Eoh
Mbe fdykJh fdzdh j?. T[j fBwosk Bkb Gog{o g[Zsoh, gsh dh nkfrnk dk
gkbD eoB tkbh gsBh s/ fJe ;kj;h wK ;B. T[BQK B/ Grsh s/ ;/tk ftu
g{oh soQK bhB r[o{ wfjbK dh fw;kb ekfJw ehsh j?. ihtB ftu ;/tk ns/

72
;/tk ftu ihtB gkT[D tkbh phph GkBh ih B/ f;Zy Xow ftu fi; soQK nkgDk
T[~u ;EkB pDkfJnk fJj fJe nd[Zsh fw;kb j?. T[j ;kv/ ;G bJh ukBD^
w[Bkok jB.

nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) phph GkBh ih d/ wZ[Yb/ ihtB T[~s/ o"PBh gkT[ <
(ii) f;Zy Xow ftu r[o{^gsBh fejV/ BK Bkb ;zp'XB ehsk iKdk j?<
(iii) phph GkBh ih dk iBw ed'A s/ feE/ j'fJnk <
(iv) phph GkBh ih d/ fgsk, gsh, g[Zso ns/ g'so/ dk eh BK ;h <
eqwtko d;' fe T[j f;ZyK d/ fejV/^fejV/ r[o{ ;kfjp jB <
(v) phph GkBh ih fejV/ r[DK d/ XkoBh ;B <
(vi) phph GkBh ih B/ fe; s'A s/ eh to wzfrnk <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) f;Zy Xow ftu nkJhnK phphnK ftu'A fe;/ fJe j'o wjkB phph
pko/ ikDekoh fdT[ <
(ii) phph GkBh ih pko/ r[o{ g[Zsoh, r[o{ gsBh, r[o{ wksk d/ o{g ftu
ftP/P ikDekoh fJeZso eod/ j'J/ gq'i?eN fsnko eo'.
(iii) s[jk phph GkBh dhnK fezBQK rZbK B/ gqGkfts ehsk j? < ft;Eko
Bkb fby'.

JH ykbh EktK Go' L

(i) phph GkBh ih HHHHH ftukoK d/ XkoBh ;B.
brB r[D
(ii) fBPekw ;/tk HHHHHH dh Py;hns dk
nfjw r[D ;h.
r'fJzdtkb T[BQK
(iii) phph GkBh ih nzdo gqG{ gqsh HHHHHH
ftPtk; ;h.
Xkofwe 1655
(iv) phph ih nzdo wB[Zysk d/ HHHHHH e[ZN^e[ZN
e/ Go/ ;B.
(v) phph GkBh HHH Jh;th ftu HHH fty/ i'sh i's ;wkJ/.

73
nH PpdK P[~X eoe/ fby' L
;?jo ^
woDk ^
voDk ^
;'jBk ^
;/js ^
X[AX ^

JH tkeK P[~X eoe/ fby' L

(i) w/jBs dk fwmk cb j[zdk j?.
(ii) T[j gfNnkbk ikBk j?.
(iii) g[okD/ b'r pfjwK^GowK ftu c;/ j?.
(iv) Grs f;zx dk Bjkok ;h fJBebkp fIzdkpkd.
(v) w/o/ gk; pkfjr[o{ dk fdsk pE/ok e[i j?.

;H ft;okw fuzBQ brkT[ L

feT[A ekek sz{ d[ZX ghJ/Ark wK B/ fgnko Bkb g[ZfSnk oftzdo B/ T[~so fdZsk
BjhA wksk ih nZi w/oh f;js mhe BjhA

74
 T[vDk f;~y ^ fwbyk f;zx

fwbyk f;zx ;Zso w[beK u w[ekpb/ dh d"V d"fVnk. fpnk;h w[ekpfbnK u

T[Bk;h tko T[j fiZs B;hp j'Jh. ni/ sZe J/Phnk dh Xosh T[jd/ fijk
j'o d"Vke g?dk BjhA eo ;eh. 1960 ftu T[jB/ 400 whNo dh d"V 45H6
;?fezv ftu bkJh ;h. d[BhnK jo o'I soZeh eodh j? go nZi se th
J/Phnk dk e'Jh nEbhN fwbyk f;zx d/ foekov se BjhA gj[zu ;fenk. uko
;" whNo dh d"V ftu irs gqf;ZXh jk;b eoB bJh T[j shj jIko whb
d"VB dk nfGnk; eoBk fgnk.
fJ; nd[Zsh wB[Zy dh iBw fwsh dk fe;/ th BjhA gsk. T[j nkg
th J/Bk e[ ikDdk j? fe T[jdk pugB gZSwh gzikp d/ w[IZcorVQ ftu e'N
nZd{ d/ B/V/ fgzv r'fpzdg[ok ftu
phfsnk. wksk^fgsk dk ;kfJnk
pugB ftu jh T[m frnk ;h. T[;
dk gkbD g';D tZvh G?D B/ ehsk.
fJj nZm G?D^GoktK ftu'A ;G s'A
S'Nk ;h. T[jBK dk gfotko y/sh
eodk ;h. T[j gzi Gok ;B s/ fszB
G?DK. fgzv'A gzi^S/ whb d{o T[j Bzr/
g?ohA gVQB iKdk. sgdhnK X[ZgK ftu
o/sb/ okj T[~s/ T[jd/ g?o G[Zid/ sK
T[j d"VB br g?Adk s/ fe;/ feZeo dh
Skt/A ik e/ mzY/ eodk. mzYh SK dh
sKx ftu T[j fJ; wjkB d"Vke d/ n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
ihtB dhnK gfjbhnK d"VK ;B. nd[Zsh L ndG[Zs,
1947 ftu d/P dh tzv ;w/A fBokbh,
fwbyk f;zx ;ZsthA^nZmthA u gVQdk ftbZyD

75
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE ;h. T[jdk tZvk Gok wZyD f;zx, w[bskB |"i ftu ;h. go d/P d/ dzfrnK
c[fbnk BjhA B/ T[; dk ihtB jh pdb fdZsk. fwbyk f;zx ikB pukT[D tk;s/ w[bskB
;wkfJnk L pj[s y[P j'Dk ubk frnk.
w{jo/ L nZr/ fwbyk f;zx d/ tZv/ Gok B/ T[; |"i ftu Gosh eotkT[D bJh tko^tko
e'fPP ehsh go ekw:kph T[jBK 1952 ftu ik e/ j'Jh. T[; fdB fwbyk
f;zx c[fbnk BjhA ;h ;wkfJnk.
1953 ftu T[j d"V^w[ekpfbnK dk gsk bZrk. T[d'A T[jdh T[wo thj
;kb s'A T[go j't/rh. :{og, nwohek d/ nEbhN thj^pkJh ;kb dh T[wo
ftu jh nkgDk f;\o S'j b?Ad/ ;B.
;oho gZy'A fwbyk f;zx ewI'o ;h. Sksh dk xZN Bkg T[; bJh c"i ftu
Gosh j'D u tZvh o[ektN ;h. Gosh eoB tkb/ T[jdh fwDsh eoe/ fgS/
w'V fdzd/. ozro{Nh eoB t/b/ i[nkBK dhnK y/vK j'JhnK. fwbyk f;zx eok;
ezNoh ftu S/t/A Bzpo s/ nkfJnk. fco fwbyk f;zx s'A g[ZfSnk frnk, uko
;" whNo d"V bJ/Ark <
fwbyk f;zx B/ g[ZfSnk, uko ;" whNo d"V fezBh j[zdh n? < id'A T[j
dZf;nk frnk fe 400 whNo No?e dk fJe' uZeo j[zdh j? sK T[jB/ fejk, fJe
uZeo SZv w?A d; uZeo bk ;edK.
fco T[;skd B/ ;wMkfJnk fe fJe' uZeo ftu d; uZeoK fizBk I'o bk
d/Dk j?. fwbyk f;zx B/ T[t/A jh ehsk s/ nkgDh ezgBh ftu gfjb/ Bzpo s/
nk frnk. T[d'A T[jdk NkJhw fJe fwzN fszB ;?fezv ;h. fJ; fgS'A T[jd/ X[o
nzdo'A ;[ZshnK PeshnK ikr gJhnK. |"ihnK tkbh ;kXkoB dkb^o'Nh yk e/
T[j fdB^oks d"VB dk nfGnk; eoB bZrk. T[jd/ n|;o T[jd/ nzdo j'Djko
d"Vke pDB dhnK ;zGktBktK t/yd/, T[j fvT{Nh s'A S[ZNh d/ fdzd/ s/ T[j
rokT{Av ftu d"fVnk fcodk. oks id'A T[jd/ ;kEh ;"A iKd/ sK T[j T[jBK
s'A nZy puk c/o rokT{Av ftu nk iKdk. jB/o/ ftu whb e[ d/ eohp d"Vdk,
c/o p?m iKdk, c/o d"Vdk, c/o p?m iKdk. T[j e'Jh pkekfJdk f;ybkJh BjhA
;h fwb ojh. nkfyo EZfenk N[ZfNnk T[j wzih j/mK gb/N Bkb YZeh o'Nh yk
e/ ;"A iKdk.
j"bh^j"bh T[jdh d"V s/I j[zdh rJh. ;oho I'o cVdk frnk s/ dw j'o
gZedk frnk. nkgD/ ;?ANo d/ d"V^w[ekpfbnK s'A b? e/ ;w[Zuh |"i d/ d"V^
w[ekpfbnK ftu T[j w{jo/ nkT[D bZrk. T[jBhA fdBhA Gkosh |"i d/ d' j'o

76
tXhnk d"Vke ;Bi'frzdo n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
f;zx s/ ;'jD f;zx. T[jBK B/ fBob/g L ofjs, go/
Bt/A T[md/ fwbyk f;zx oZp^xo L oZp dk xo,
jw/Pk dpkT[D dh jh e'fPP gftZso ;EkB-
ozr^pozrh L pj[ozrh, pj[s/
ehsh. go fwbyk f;zx T[jBK
ozrK tkbh
dh Jhoyk s'A fBob/g nkgDh fenk; L nzdkI/,
X[B ftu bZrk fojk. rokT{Av nB[wkB,
T[jd/ bJh oZp^xo pD frnk nNeb
jZbkP/oh L tkj^tkj
s/ d"VBk fBZsB/w. d"VfdnK
y[nkp L ;[gBk
tX/o/ I'o bZrD Bkb T[j eJh
tko p/j'P j'fJnk. fJ; d/ pkti{d T[jB/ d"VBk ikoh oZfynk.
1956 ftu w?bp'oB dhnK T[bzfge y/vK ftu fwbyk f;zx Gkosh Nhw ftu
u[fDnk frnk. y/vK dh ozr^pozrh s/ ftPkb d[Bhnk dk n;bh gsk T[j
w?bp'oB ik e/ jh bZrk. T[j ftPkb ;N/vhnw t/y e/ j?okB ofj frnk.
i/s{nK dk Pkjh ;BwkB T[jd/ nzdo th e[se[skVhnK eZYD bZrk. T[E/ T[j
Gkt/A d"VK ftu jko frnk go nrKj fiZsD bJh BtK T[sPkj b? e/ w[fVnk.
shihnK J/PhnkJh y/vK 1958 ftu N'ehU fty/ j'JhnK. T[E/ fwbyk f;zx
;G s'A seVk nEbhN f;X j'fJnk. gkfe;skB dk npd[b \kfbd d' ;" whNo
dh d"V dk fJe s/I^ soko d"Vke ;h. d"V s'A gfjbK T[; dh fwbyk f;zx
Bkb ikD^ gSkD eokJh sK T[; B/ nkw gzikphnK tKr cVQ wkoh,
J/; f;yV/ B/ w/ok XZek feE'A ;fjDk J/ <
fJj ;[D e/ fwbyk f;zx r[Z;/ nzdo'^nzdoh gh frnk. fwbyk f;zx s/
npd[b \kfbd ftu'A fijVk th fJ; d"V fiZs iKdk T[jh J/Phnk dk ;G
s'A seVk n?EbhN wzfBnk ikDk ;h. n\pkoK ftu eJh soQK d/ fenk; ;B
s/ nB/eK PosK bZrhnK ;B. d'jK B/ fJe' ;w/A chs/ S'fjnk. d"V d/ nzs
dh c'N' t/yD T[gozs n?bkB j'fJnkfwbyk f;zx gqEw. ;kok ;N/vhnw jZbk^
P/oh ftu rz{i T[fmnk. fwbyk f;zx d/ y[Ph Bkb jzM{ tfj fBeb/. n\pkoK
d/ B[wkfJzfdnK B/ T[j x/o fbnk. e?wfonK dhnK nZyK irD^p[MD bZrhnK.
i' rZb \[nkp ftu BjhA ;h jehes pD rJh. ikgkB dk PfjBPkj T[j
fJBkw d/ fojk ;h. nrb/ fdB d[BhnK ftu fwbyk f;zx, fwbyk f;zx j' rJh.
1958 s'A 60 se T[j J/Bk x[zfwnk fe tsB bJh so; iKdk. T[d'A T[jdk

77
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE w[Zy fNekDk bzvB j[zdk ;h. go
B[wkfJzfdnK L gqshfBXhnK T[j bZfGnK BjhA ;h bZGdk. fJ;
;w/A T[jB/ d[BhnK d/ u'Nh d/
d"Vke jokJ/. fco fJzv'^gkfe
whN bkj"o ftu j'Jh, fwbyk
f;zx dh wks^G{wh d/ B/V/. T[E/
fwbyk f;zx fJzuK^c[ZNK dh EK
rIK d/ |k;b/ Bkb gqEw nkfJnk
s/ nBkT{A;o efjD bZrk, fwbyk
f;zx B/ fJj d"V e/ BjhA T[~v e/
g{oh ehsh j?. fJ; bJh fwbyk
f;zx |bkfJzr f;Zy efjDk
ukjhdk j?.
T[d'A s'A |bkfJzr f;Zy dk
f\skp fwbyk f;zx d/ BK Bkb
i[fVnk nk fojk j?. pknd
ftu gdw Pqh dk ;BwkB th T[j fwfbnk. T[; B/ nkgDh ;t?^ihtBh dk
BK |bkfJzr f;Zy^fwbyk f;zx oZfynk j?.
T[bzfge y/vK s'A e[M ;wK gfjbK fwbyk f;zx Gkos d/ |"ih
nEbhNK dh Nhw dk egskB pDk e/ :{og d/ d"o/ T[~s/ G/i fdZsk frnk.
fJ; d"o/ ftu T[; d"V d/ ek|h ;\s w[ekpb/ g/P nkJ/. ;thvB
ftu d"VfdnK fwbyk f;zx B/ uko ;" whNo dh d"V gfjb/ T[bzfge foekov
fizB/ ;w/A, Gkt 45H9 ;?fezv ftu g{oh ehsh. g?fo; ftu d"VfdnK T[; B/
45H8 ;?fezv NkJhw eZfYnk. T[jdk ftPtk; gZek j' frnk fe T[j T[bzfge
fiZs bt/rk. T[; B/ Xko fbnk fe T[j e/tb 400 whNo jh d"V/rk s/ 200
whNo SZv d/t/rk. go fJj |?;bk T[j d}k d/ frnk. ;ko/ wzBd/ jB
i/eo fwbyk f;zx d' ;" whNo d"Vdk sK o'w s'A e'Jh Bk e'Jh s}wk
Io{o fiZsdk.
o'w dh d"V fgS'A fwbyk f;zx T[dk; j' frnk. n\ho d';sK, fwZsoK s/
n|;oK d/ fdbk;/ d/D s/ ;wMkT[D fgS'A T[j ;zGb frnk. T[; B/ fco feZbK
tkb/ p{N (;gkJhe;) gfjB bJ/ s/ w[V nkgD/ shoE ;EkB ik wZEk N/fenk.

78
1962 ftu iekosk fty/ u"EhnK J/fPnkJh y/vK ftu T[; B/ fco ;'B/ d/ s}w/
fiZs/. 1964 dhnK T[bzfge y/vK ftu shih tko fjZ;k fbnk. n\ho N'feU
dh T[bzfge d"V d"VB fgZS'A d"V nbftdk efj e/ feZbK tkb/ p{N feZbh T[~s/
Nzr fdZs/, i' tzrko oj/ jB, nkt/ e'Jh fBso/.
gqekP f;zx fr~b

fN~gDh
fJj ihtBh ;k fJ; rZb dk p'X eokT[Adh j? fe fwbyk f;zx ihtB dhnK
nB/eK n"eVK dk ;kjwDk eodk j'fJnk, wjkB fyvkoh pfDnk. pugB ftu
jh wK^pkg dk ;kfJnk f;o T[s'A T[m ikD fgS'A T[; dh tZvh G?D B/ T[jdk
gkbD^g';D ehsk ns/ n"y/ t/b/ ;dk T[; dk ;kE fdZsk. T[j p[oh ;zrs ftu
c; frnk go |"i ftu Gosh j'D fgZS'A T[j fJe nB[Pk;s f;gkjh pD frnk.
fJZE/ jh T[; ftu d"VB dk ukn ikfrnk. fco sK T[; B/ fgZS/ w[V e/ BjhA
d/fynk. d"V T[; B/ nkgDk \[dk pDk fbnk ns/ nkgDk ;G e[M d"V bJh
e[opkB eo fdZsk. d"V ftu T[; d/ pDkJ/ rJ/ foekov J/Phnk d/ nEbhNK
bJh gq/PkBh dk ;pZp pD/ oj/ jB.

nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) fwbyk f;zx B/ fezB/ d"V w[ekpfbnK u fjZ;k fbnk ns/ fezB/
w[ekpfbnK ftu fiZs jk;b ehsh <
(ii) uko ;" whNo dh d"V ftu irs gqf;ZXh jk;b eoB bJh T[; fezBk
e[ nfGnk; eoBk fgnk <
(iii) w?bpoB dh fejVh uhI B/ fwbyk f;zx gqGkfts ehsk <
(iv) 1958 dhnK N'ehU J/PhnkJh y/vK ftu fwbyk f;zx w{jo/ fejVk
fyvkoh ;G s'A tZvh u[B"sh ;h.
(v) fejVh d"V fiZsD fgZS'A d[BhnK ftu fwbyk f;zx^fwbyk f;zx j' rJh<
(vi) fwbyk f;zx cbkfJzr f;Zy dk f\skp ;G s'A gfjbK feZE/ fwfbnk<
(vii) fwbyk f;zx fejVh d"V ekoB T[dk; j' frnk <
(viii) fwbyk f;zx B/ d"V nbftdk ed'A nkyh <

79
nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/
TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) i/eo s[;hA fwbyk f;zx tKr fJe s/I^soko d"Vke j[zd/ sK s[jkvh
y/v gqsh fej' fijh GktBk j[zdh < ft;sko Bkb fby'.
(ii) fe;/ nfij/ fyvkoh pko/ fJe b/y fby' fi; ftu fwbyk f;zx tKr
jh fdqVsk s/ ;t?^ftPtk; tkb/ r[D j'D.
(iii) T[bzfge y/vK pko/ s[;hA eh ikDd/ j' < fJe ikDekoh Gog{o b/y fby'.
(iv) y/vK ftu B?fsesk dh b'V T[go pb fdzd/ j'J/ fJBQK d/ wjZst pko/
nkgD/ ftuko g/P eo'.
nH j/m fby/ tkeK ft;okw^fuzBQ bk e/ fby' L
(i) T[;skd B/ fejk fwbyk f;zx d"V'
(ii) d"Vd/ d"Vd/ fwbyk f;zx dk ;kj gZe frnk
(iii) ekP w?A uko ;" whNo Bk d"Vdk
(iv) fwbyk f;zx B/ j/mK fby/ PfjoK fty/ d"V ftu fjZ;k fbnk
N'ehU bkj"o g?fo;
JH j/m fby/ tkeK ;'X e/ fby' L
(i) fwbyk f;zx dk Gok tZvk w[bskB ftu c"i ;h.
(ii) d"fVnk fwbyk f;zx ftu T[bzfge.
(iii) p{N tkb/ feZbK gk e/ ;h d"Vdk T[j.
(iv) w[zv/ fJ; w?A sK ftu okj d/ jh d/Dk SZv j?.
(v) d"V fwbyk f;zx B/ ehsh g{oh ;h T[~v e/.
;H j/m fbyhnK ykbh EktK Go' L
(i) fwbyk f;zx HHH npd[b \kfbd ftueko
dk s/
;\s w[ekpbk ;h.
(ii) fwbyk f;zx HHH iBw r'fpzdg[ok HHH j'fJnk.
fty/ S/t/A
(iii) fwbyk f;zx eok; ezNoh ftu HHH Bzpo
s/ nkfJnk.
ftd/P 200
(iv) fwbyk f;zx B/ HHH whNo d"V SZvD dk
|?;bk fbnk ;h.
(v) HHH ik e/ fwbyk f;zx y/vK dh ozr^fpozrh s/ ftPkb d[BhnK dk
gsk bZrk.

80
nDE~e ftfrnkBh vkH npd[b ebkw

w/o/ woB T[gozs S[ZNh dk n?bkB Bk eoBk. i/eo s[;hA w? ;Zu^w[Zu fgnko
eod/ j' sK T[; fdB tZX s'A tZX ezw eoBk. fJj Ppd ej/ ;B Gkos
d/ ;kpek okPNogsh ns/ ftfrnkBh ;torh vkH J/HghHi/H npd[b ebkw
B/. vkH ebkw dk iBw Gkos d/ skfwbBkv{ ;{p/ d/ ow/Ptow ftu XB[ZPe'vh
fty/ fJe w[;fbw gfotko ftu j'fJnk. nkg d/ fgsk dk BK i?B[bkp{dhB s/
wK dk BK nkfPnkwk ;h. fJj fJe ;kXkoB gfotko ;h. ebkw xo ftu
nkgD/ uko GoktK s/ fJe G?D s'A S'N/ ;B. ebkw d/ g[ofynK dk fePshnK
dk uzrk^u'yk tgko ;h. go eko'pko ftu xkNk g?D ekoB T[j ek|h }ohp
j' rJ/. fJ; bJh np[db ebkw n\pko t/u e/ xo tkfbnK dh ;jkfJsk
eoBh gJh. ;e{bh gVQkJh d"okB ebkw fJe ;kXkoB ftfdnkoEh ;B. go
T[j fwjBsh ;B s/ e[M BtK f;ZyD dh fJZSk oZyd/ ;B. T[BQK dh nze^rfDs
d/ ftP/ ftu ftP/P o[uh ;h. okwkBkEg[ow s'A d;thA gk; eoe/ vkH ebkw
B/ sfou[okgZbh (skfwbBkv{) fty/ ;/AN i';| ekbi s'A G"fse^ftfrnkB
(f|fIe;) ftu phHJ/H gk; ehsh.
ftfrnkBh ti'A vkH ebkw dk ihtB ;zxoP^Gog{o fojk. ;zB 1955 JhH
ftu nkg g[bkV ftfdnk bJh
wdok; (u/BZJh) fJz;NhfuT{N
nk| seBkb'ih ftu dk\b j'
rJ/. T[j Gkosh jtkJh |"i d/
izrh ijkI dk gkfJbN pDB
tkb/ nkgD/ ;[gB/ s'A y[zM rJ/
;B. 1960 JhH ftu vkH
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE
ebkw ps"o ftfrnkBh oZfynk
y'i s/ ftek; ;z;Ek (vhHnkoH o[uh Lfdbu;gh
yz[M rJ/ Lofj rJ/
vhHUH) ftu Pkwb j' rJ/.

81
n"y/ PpdK d/ noE T[BQK B/ fJe S'N/ j'toeok|N (gkDh iK IwhB d/ B/V/ T[~v ;eD tkbk ijkI)
wZbK LgqkgshnK dk fBowkD eoe/ nkgD/ g/P/to ihtB dh P[o{nks ehsh. go T[j nkgDh
BkwDk Lgqf;ZX, wPj{oh, B"eoh dh fJ; u'D s'A ;zs[PN BjhA ;B. fco T[j Gkosh g[bkV y'i ;z;Ek
gq;z;k (fJ;o') ub/ rJ/. T[E/ T[j gfjb/ Gkosh b"Ai tjheb (n?~;Hn?~bHthH^111) d/
gq'i?eN vkfJo?eNo fB:[es j'J/.
1982 ftu vkH ;kfjp ps"o vkfJo?No vhHnkoHvhHUH ftu tkg; nk
rJ/. fJZE/ T[BQK B/ ;zrfms fBod/Ps fw;kfJb ftek; gq'rokw dh P[o{nks
ehsh. 1992 ftu T[j Gkosh oZfynk wzsoh d/ ;hBhno ftfrnkBe ;bkjeko
pD/. fJ; nj[d/ dh T[BQK B/ gqwkD{ goyK d/ ftek; dh w[fjzw bJh tos'A ehsh.
wJh 1998 dhnK g'yoB^2 goyK fiBQK ftu gzi gqwkD{ izsoK dk ft;|'N ehsk
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pkti{d d/P dh oZfynk d/ y/so ftu ebkw fJe okPNoh jho' d/ o{g ftu
T[~Go e/ ;kjwD/ nkJ/.
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82
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T[~u doi/ tkbh,
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T[BQK dh fJj GktBk T[BQK tb'A gqw[Zy ;[nkwh ih Bkb nfXnkswe nB[Gt pko/
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ebkw d/ Xkowe ftPtk;K ftu Pkfwb ;B. T[BQK d/ fgsk B/ nkgD/ pZfunK
ftu Xkofwe ;z;eko e[ZN^e[ZN e/ Go/ j'J/ ;B. T[j B"i[nkB ebkw d/

83
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fdZsh. ;kdk ofjDh^pfjDh d/ wkfbe vkH ebkw B/ b'eK Xkowe J/esk
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xNBk th ezw jh g{ik d/ f;XKs j'o fdqVQ eodh j?.

85
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86
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87
 Bktbeko L BkBe f;zx

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n"y/ PpdK d/ noE dk wzBDk j? fe ;w[Zu/ gzikphnK ftu gVQB bJh Bktb fbyD dh fgos
fgos L gozgok, fotkI BkBe f;zx B/ jh s'oh. T[j gkmeK dh o[uh s/ b'V B{z fXnkB ftu oZy e/
w[jkos L j[Bo, nB[Gt ouBk eod/ ;B. ejkDh o; B{z T[j ftP/P wjZst fdzd/ ;B. ouBkswe
iIp/ L GktBk g/Pekoh dh w[jkos ekoB gkme jw/Pk T[BQK d/ nrb/ Bktb dh T[vhe
wkfXnw L ;kXB, t;hbk
eoB bZrd/ ;B. pboki ;kjBh dk efjDk j? fe BkBe f;zx d/ BktbK ftu
gq?~; L SkgkykBk,
w[BPh gq/w uzd d/ BktbK tkb/ r[D w"i{d jB. fizBk fgnko g/w uzd B{z fjzdh
g[;seK SkgD
tkbh EK$ezgBh s/ T[od{ gkmeK dk fwbdk ;h T[;/ soQK BkBe f;zx gzikph gkmeK B/ pj[s
o[MkB L M[ekn, o[uh g;zd ehsk.
wk:{; L fBokP, BkT[whd BkBe f;zx B/ r[op\P f;zx dh gqhs bfjo s'A gqGkfts j' e/ w'jfgnko
d/ iIp/ B{z nkgD/ BktbK dk fjZ;k pDkfJnk. fJj Mbe T[BQK d/ BktbK nZX
fyfVnk c[Zb*, gftZso gkgh* s/ fgnko dh d[Bhnk* ftu fwbdh j?. T[BQK
d/ BktbK dh ;|bsk dk okI T[BQK ftubhnK nkeoPe ejkDhnK jB. gkme
T[BQK d/ Bktb B{z fJe' p?me ftu w[ekT[D dh e'fPP eod/ jB. d/P dh nIkdh
Bkb ;zpzXs T[BQK d/ Bktb fJe fwnkB d' sbtkoK* B{z ;kfjs nekdwh dk
fJBkw fwfbnk. T[BQK d/ Bktb gftZso gkgh* T[~go pboki ;kjBh B/ fjzdh
f|bw pDkJh.
BkBe f;zx ebk ebk bJh* f;XKs d/ fto[ZX ;B. T[BQK dk wzBDk ;h
fe ;kfjs, ;kfjs bJh Bk j' e/ ;wki bJh j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh BkBe f;zx
B/ ;wkie p[okJhnK d{o eoB bJh ;kfjs \k; eoe/ Bktb ouBk B{z nkgDk
wkfXnw pDkfJnk. T[j nkg fJe eow:'rh ;B fiBQK B/ Pkjeko BktbK dh
ouBk ehsh.
gzikph b/yeK tb'A wkf;e gZso eZYD, gq?~; y'bQD s/ pzd eoB dh gozgok
nB[;ko BkBe f;zx B/ th fIzdrh ftu eJh sIop/ ehs/. T[BQK B/ th fJ;
o[MkB B{z ngDkfJnk. T[BQK B/ gq?~; y'bQ/ s/ pzd eo fdZs/. eko'pko ftu eoIk
uVQ ikD eoe/ T[BQK B{z wk:{; j'Dk fgnk. 1950 ftu T[BQK B/ b'e ;kfjs*
BK dk wk;e o;kbk P[o{ ehsk. gzi ;kbK se Skg e/ w[|s tzvD T[gozs fJ;
B{z th pzd eoBk fgnk.
vbj"Ih dk ozrhB tksktoB BkBe f;zx pj[s g;zd ;h. fJE/ T[BQK
B/ pj[s ;ko/ Bktb fby/. BkBe f;zx B/ 36 Bktb fby/. ;kfjs dhnK
j'o ftXktK T[~go th T[BQK B/ jZE niwkfJnk. T[BQK B/ S/ ejkDh
;zrqfj, eftsk, BkNe, b/y ns/ ;t?ihtBh dh ouBk ehsh. T[BQK dk

90
;kfjs j'oBK GkPktK ftu th nB[tkd j'fJnk. Gkt/A BkBe f;zx B/ ;kfjs n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

dhnK tZy'tZyohnK ftXktK bJh ebw ubkJh, go T[BQK B{z gqf;ZXh Bktb ftXktK L o{gK
d/ y/so ftu jh fwbh. BkBe f;zx B/ w/oh d[Bhnk* BK dh ;t?ihtBh wkBt L wB[Zyh
th fbyh. ftn;s L o[M/
ihftnk L jzYkfJnk
;kfjseko j'D d/ BkbBkb BkBe f;zx fJe ;|b rqfj;Eh ;B.
feosK L ouBktK
gfotkoe fIzw/tkohnK B{z T[BQK B/ pk\{ph fBGkfJnk. nkg ih dh XowgsBh
gE^
oki e"o B/ T[BQK dk g{ok ;kE fdZsk. T[j BkBe f;zx bJh g{oh soQK ;wofgs godPe L wkor doPe,
;B. gsh dhnK ouBktK gVQ e/ T[j T[BQK dh g;z;k eod/ ;B. T[j okj fdykT[ D
BkBe f;zx B{z j'o fbyD dh jZbkP/oh fdzd/ ;B. T[j nkg fejk eod/ ;B, tkbk

gfotkoe s"o *s/ fijVk ;[y w?B{z gkgs j?, fe;/ bZyK iK eo'VKgsh B{z th
gqkgs BjhA j[zdk j't/rk. fJ; s'A tZvh d"bs j'o e'Jh BjhA j?.@ BkBe f;zx
B/ wkBtdod B{z t/fynk BjhA ihftnk j?. T[j nkgDh wK B{z pdB;hp wK*
efjzd/ ;B i' i[nkBh ftu jh ftXtk j' e/ nkgD/ pZfunK bJh ;zxoP
eodh ojh.
T[j fJe wkBttkdh b/ye ;B. T[BQK dh fJj GktBk T[BQK dhnK ouBktK
ftu'A gqrN j' iKdh j?. Bkb jh T[j d/PGrsh d/ jkwh ;B.T[BQK dhnK feosK
ftu'A ;wki;[Xko d/ BkbBkb d/Pfgnko dh GktBk th T[sgzB j[zdh j?.
BkBe f;zx nB[;ko, Bktbeko nkgD/ ;wki dk gEgodPe th j?, u"ehdko
th j? s/ vkeNo th.@
BkBe f;zx d/ ihtB T[gozs th T[BQK B{z g{ok wkB;BwkB fwfbnk.1997
ftu gqXkB wzsoh fJzdo e[wko r[iokb B/ T[BQK dh iBw Pskpdh T[~go fJe
vke fNeN ikoh eoe/ T[BQK dh b/yDh B{z PoXKibh fdZsh. gzikph ;kfjsekoK
B/ BkBe f;zx dh s[bBk w[BPh g/w uzd, w?fET{ nkoBbv, ukob; fveBI
nkfd wjkB b/yeK Bkb ehsh j?.
BkBe f;zx dk gzikph Bktb d/ ftek; ftu pj[s tZvk :'rdkB j?.
Gkt/A T[BQK B/ pkekfJdk T[~u ftfdnk jk;b BjhA ehsh, go T[j nkgD/
gkmeK bJh ukBD w[Bkok pD/. Bktbeko BkBe f;zx 1971 JhH ftu ;dhth
ftS'Vk d/ rJ/ ;B. T[j nkf\oh ;kjK se ;kfjs ouBk ftu ftn;s
oj/. BkBe f;zx d/ fJBQK r[DK eoe/ gzikph gkme jw/Pk T[BQK B{z ;dk
:kd oZyDr/.
i;ftzdo e"o

91
fN~gDh
fJ; ihtBh ftu ;k gsk ubdk j? fe Bktbeko BkBe f;zx B/ ihtB
d/ ;zxoP ftu'A fe; soQK fJe ;|b b/ye dk f\skp jk;b ehsk. BkBe
f;zx yZsoh gfotko d/ izwgb ;B. fJBQK d/ fgsk ih nkVQs dk ezw
eod/ ;h s/ T[BQK d/ nekb^ubkD/ s'A pknd BkBe f;zx, fi; dk gfjbk
BK jz;oki ;h B/ nkgD/ fgsk dk eko'pko ;zGkfbnk go ekw:kp Bk
j'J/. pugB dhnK }bshnK s'A pknd frnkBh pkr f;zx d/ ;zgoe ftu nk
e/ f;Zy Xow d/ XkoBh pD/ s/ Xow :[ZX ftu fjZ;k b?D eoe/ i/bQ :ksok
th ehsh.
i/bQ ftu jh T[j w[BPh gq/w uzd d/ Bktb gVQ e/ pj[s gqGkfts j'J/ s/
gzikph Bktb d/ fgskwk d/ o{g ftu ;kfjs gq/whnK ftu ikD/ ikD br
gJ/. nkg B/ brGr fszB doiB Bktb fby/. nkg d/ Bktb :EkoEtkd T[go
nkXkfos jB. ;wkie ;wZf;nktK T[BQK B/ nkgDhnK ouBktK dk ftPk
pDkfJnk. pj[s ;kohnK ejkDhnK, b/y s/ Bktb gzikph ;kfjs dh M'bh
gkJ/. r[op\P f;zx gqhsbVh Bkb nkg ih dk pj[s fgnko ;h s/ T[BQK d/
t;kJ/ gqhs Bro ftu nkg B/ nkgDh fojkfJP ehsh. BkBe f;zx nkgD/
gfotko gqsh fizw/tkoh fBGkT[D s/, foPfsnK fBGkT[D tkb/ jowB fgnko/
ftnesh ;B. f|bwh ebkeko s/ wK^p'bh gzikph d/ gqPz;e pboki ;kjBh
B/ T[BQK d/ gqf;X Bktb gftZso gkgh s/ f|bw pDk e/ doPeK T[~sw
ebk G/N ehsh. BkBe f;zx nkgDhnK T[sw ouBktK eoe/ eJh T[~u gZXoh
wkB^;BwkB th fwb/.

nfGnk;
1H d~;' yK Gbk L
(i) BkBe f;zx dk gfjbk BK eh ;h <
(ii) BkBe f;zx B/ fejVh gZXo sZe ftfdne :'rsk$gVQkJh jk;b ehsh<
(iii) BkBe f;zx fejV/ Bktbeko dh ouBk gVQe/ gzikph Bktb fbyD
bJh gq/fos j'fJnk <
(iv) r[o{ e/ pkr w'ou/ ftu Pkwb j'D eoe/ BkBe f;zx Bz{ fejVh
i/bQ ftu ofynk frnk <
(v) gqhsBro fejV/ wjkB ;kfjseko B/ t;kfJnk ;h <

92
 (vi) nZXfyVh ebh BkBe f;zx dh gfjbh ouBk ;h < fJj gkmeK se
gj[zuh iK BjhA <
(vii) BkBe f;zx d/ fejV/ Bktb dh ejkDh T[go fjzdh f|bw pDh <
fJ; f|bw fe; B/ pDkfJnk <
(viii) Bktbeko BkBe f;zx d/ BktbK dk ftPk eh j? <
(ix) BkBe f;zx dk ihtB fe; P\;hns B/ pdfbnk <

nkT[ e[M j'o eohJ/

TH gkm s'A n~r/
(i) gkm ftu nkJ/ BkBe f;zx d/ BktbK dh ;{uh fsnko eo'.
(ii) gzikph d/ fe;/ gqf;ZX Bktbeko pko/ 10^15 ;soK ftu fby'.
(iii) BkBe f;zx d/ pugB pko/ ikDekoh 100 PpdK ftu fby'.
(iv) eh s[;hA gzikph d/ fe;/ j'o Bktbeko gfVQnk j? < i/ jK sK
T[; d/ fe;/ fJe Bktb dk ;ko nkgD/ PpdK ftu fby'.
(v) s[jk BkBe f;zx d/ ihtB s'A eh gq/oBk fwbdh j? < ft;sko
ftu fby'.

nH mhe i'V/ pDkT[ L

(i) i/jbw 1936
(ii) w'ouk r[o{ ek pkr vbj"Ih
(iii) ekrdK dh p/Vh gftZso gkgh
(iv) BkBe f;zx dk g;zdhdk Bro gkfe;skB
(v) eBV nB[tkd p'o;Nb i/bQ

JH (i) PpdK P[~X eoe/ fby' L

NA[pdh, ejkBheko, ;zroj, ibQhnk tkbk pkr, bkj'o

(ii) j/m fby/ tkeK P[~X eoe/ fby' L

1H T[j iKdk j? pIko o'IkBk.
2H fgskwk j? gzikph Bktb dk BkBe f;zx.
3H j[D j? gkfe;skB ftu uZe jwhdK.
4H vbj"Ih j? ftu nzfwqs;o.

93
;H j/m fby/ w[jktfonK d/ noE fby' L
bj{ fuZNk j'Dk, yZb T[X/VBh, brdh tkj, ewo pboki ;kjBh
eZ;/ eoB/, yzv^yho j'Dk,
Skgk wkoBk, x'V/ t/u e/ ;"Dk, ukdo t/y e/ g?o wB'ftfrnkBh
g;koB/
1971 b/ye
jH ykbh EktK Go' L
(i) BkBe f;zx gzikph Bktb dk HHH j?.
(ii) BkBe f;zx fJe HHH ;h.
(iii) gftZso gkgh f|bw HHH B/ pDkJh.
(iv) BkBe f;zx dk ;[ortk; HHH Jh;th
ftu j'fJnk.
eH gzikph p'bh d/ fbysh o{gK d/ P[~X gqrNkt/ bJh fejV/^fejV/ ft;okw fuzBQ
tos/ iKd/ jB. T[BQK d/ BK fby' ns/ T[BQK dh tos'A feE/ s/ fe; soQK
ehsh iKdh j?, T[dkjoBK ;fjs fby'.

94