Jitter and

Jitt dWWander
d Measurements
M t
in Synchronous Ethernet Networks
Andreas Alpert

ITSF November 2008

Agenda
ƒ Introduction
I t d ti
ƒ Synchronous Ethernet
ƒ Jitter
Ji and
d Wander
W d Aspects
A
ƒ Test Applications in SyncE
ƒ Conclusion
 Introduction

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 Migration to Ethernet-based packet networks

ƒ Migration from TDM networks to packet-switched networks (PSN)

based on Ethernet
ƒ TDM isi ffrequency synchronized
h i d at the h physical
h i l llayer
ƒ Ethernet is working in asynchronous mode and not designed for
the transport of synchronization
ƒ TDM emulation (CES) requires a synchronized frequency that the
timing of the signal is similar on both ends of the packet network
ƒ Synchronization can be applied to Ethernet-based
Ethernet based packet networks
using Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
TDM signals have to meet jitter and wander performance:

CES induced wander

E1 I I E1
W PSN W TDM
TDM F F

max. end-to-end wander (traffic interface)

CES Ci
Circuitit E
Emulation
l ti S Services
i
IWF Inter Working Function

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 Synchronous Ethernet

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 What is Synchronous Ethernet ?

ƒ SyncE enables the migration to packet networks

ƒ Synchronizes the Ethernet physical layer by RX TX

BITS/SSU or line-timed as done in SDH/SONET CDR

ƒ Replaces 100ppm Ethernet clock

100ppm
ƒ Does not impact any IEEE standards 4 6ppm
4.6ppm

SyncE PHY clocking

G.8261 G.803, G.810
Network limits G 823 825
G.823-825
Sync methods

G.8262 G.8263
SyncE
y clocks Packet based clocks ITU-T G.826x
(EEC) (PEC, PSC)

G.812, G.813
G.8264 physical layer
Functional blocks G.781, G.783, G.707 vs.
SSM, timing flow in-band layer

Network limits new documents

Time/Phase clocks for Time-Phase Sync IEEE 1588v2
Functional blocks Precision Time Protocol (PTP)

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 Inter-working of Ethernet and SyncE in frequency
Ethernet interfaces according to IEEE 802.3
ƒ are non-synchronous - do not carry synchronization
ƒ work with ±100ppm
pp as max. frequency
q y offset
SyncE interfaces in non-sync operation mode (identical to IEEE 802.3)
ƒ RX does not pass the recovered clock to the system clock
ƒ TX might be synchronized to the EEC, but remains unknown for RX
SyncE interfaces in sync operation mode
ƒ RX derives the frequency from the input and passes it to the system clock
ƒ TX is locked to the system clock with ± 4.6
4 6 ppm max
max. frequency offset
Interface Operation Frequency
type mode
Maximum output Input tolerance
8261 Annex A

frequency deviation
for data for clock
recovery recovery
Ethernet non-sync +/- 100 ppm +/- 100 ppm n/a
mode
ITU-T G.8

SyncE Locked to the EEC or, if

not, be within +/- 100 ppm
S
SyncE
E sync mode
d Locked
L k d tto th
the EEC (in
(i the
th M
Max. +/-
/ 4.6
4 6 ppm
worst case +/- 4.6 ppm)

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 Inter-working of Ethernet and SyncE in noise

ƒ Ethernet specifies jitter according to IEEE

ƒ Wander is not an issue for Ethernet traffic operation
ƒ Jitter/wander for synchronous interfaces is specified acc. to ITU-T
ƒ For Synchronous Ethernet interfaces in synchronous operation mode
the relevant requirements are specified in G.8261 and G.8262

Interface Operation
p Noise
type mode
Maximum output Equipment input noise tolerance
noise generation
xA

Jitter Wander for data recovery for clock recovery

G.8261 Annex

Jitter Wander Jitter Wander

Ethernet non-sync Acc. to n/a Acc. to n/a n/a n/a

mode IEEE IEEE
ITU-T G

SyncE

SyncE sync mode According to According to

G.8261 (Network) G.8262
G.8262 (Equipment)

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 Related jitter and wander measurements
ƒ Jitter measurements of Ethernet ports refer to IEEE
G.8261 Annex A Interface Operat. Jitter input Jitter noise Jitter noise Network limits
type mode tolerance generation transfer
Eth
Ethernet
t non-sync according
di tto according
di tto n/a
/ n/a
/
mode IEEE IEEE
SyncE

SyncE sync for further study, see Appendix X for Jitter measurements
mode

ƒ Wander requirements are not specified for Ethernet interfaces

Type of Operat. Wander input Wander Wander Network
xA

interface mode tolerance noise g

gen. noise transf. limits
G.8261 Annex

Ethernet non-sync n/a

mode
SyncE

SyncE sync for further study; see Appendix X for Jitter measurements
G

mode

ƒ ITU-T methodologies in comparison with IEEE jitter measurements

261 Appendiix X

SDH Ethernet
Network standard ITU-T G.783, G.825 IEEE 802.3
Test equipment standard ITU-T O.172
Jitter applications Jitter generation see Note 1(BERT scan)
G.82

Jitter input tolerance see Note 2 (SRS)

Jitter transfer ---

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 Difference in clocking of SDH/SONET and Ethernet

ƒ The specifications and test methodologies for jitter on Ethernet differ

from those for SDH/SONET because different timing methods are used
ƒ In Ethernet, the jitter generated by components must be limited, but the
jitter transferred from one component to another is less important than
for synchronous systems where jitter can increase from component to
component

SDH/SONET data
= synchronous clocking Signal
Proc. outgoing data is retimed with
CDR recovered clock of incoming data
clock

Ethernet data
= asynchronous clocking Signal FIFO
Proc. outgoing data is retimed with
CDR independent clock (±100ppm)
clock
indep.
clock

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 Jitter and Wander Aspects

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 Views of jitter

Technology SDH/SONET/SyncE Ethernet

Synchronous Architecture Asynchronous Architecture
Application
acc. ITU-T,
ITU T Telcordia,
T l di ANSI acc. IEEE 802.3
802 3
Peak-Peak-Jitter BERT scan
Jitter Generation measurement (Bathtub curve)

Jitter
Gen. DUT Gen. DUT BERT
Analyzer
Generation Generation

Jitter Tolerance Jitter Error Impairment Error

injection detection injection detection
Amplitude

Jitter Stressed
DUT BERT DUT BERT
Gen. Eye
F
Frequency T l
Tolerance SRS

Jitter Transfer Jitter Transfer Select. Jitter

injection measurement
Gain in dB

Jitter Jitter not applicable

DUT
Gen. Analyzer

Frequency for calibration DUT Device Under Test

ITU-T (timing) jitter: short-term variations with frequency greater than or equal to 10 Hz

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 Views of wander

Technology SDH/SONET/SyncE Ethernet

Synchronous Architecture Asynchronous Architecture
Application
acc. ITU-T,
ITU T Telcordia,
T l di ANSI acc. IEEE 802.3
802 3

Wander Generation TIE/MTIE/TDEV

measurement
not applicable
Wander
Gen. DUT
Analyzer

Wander Tolerance TDEV Error

injection detection
not applicable
Wander
DUT BERT
Gen.
Ge

Wander Transfer TDEV TDEV

injection measurement
not applicable
Wander Wander
DUT
Gen. Analyzer
DUT Device Under Test

ITU-T wander: long-term variations with frequency less than 10 Hz

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Example: Jitter standards for STM-64/OC-192/OTU2

Network Equipment Test Equipment

SONET SDH OTN SDH OTN

OC-192 STM-64 OTU2 STM-64 OTU2

Telcordia ITU-T ITU-T ITU-T ITU-T

GR-253 G.825 G.8251 O.172 O.173
20k-80M
20k 80M 20k 80M
20k-80M 20k-80M
20k 80M

Receiver ffixed error W

Generation
n

300 mUI 300 mUI (G.813) 300 mUI 20/50k-80M 20k-80M

300 mUI (G.783) 100 mUI 100 mUI
4M-80M 4M-80M 4M-80M
100 mUI 100 mUI 100 mUI 4M-80M 4M-80M
35 mUI 35 mUI
20k-400k 20k-400k
Tolerance

6000 mUI 6000 mUI

16M-320M 16M-320M
T

150 mUI 150 mUI

40k-4M 40k-4M
Trransfer

0.1 dB 0.1 dB

4M-320M 4M-320M
20dB/dec 20dB/dec

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 ITU-T Recommendations for jitter test equipment

O.171 Jitter and wander measuring equipment for PDH

O 172
O.172 Jitt and
Jitter d wander
d measuring
i equipment
i t ffor SDH
O.173 Jitter measuring equipment for OTN
O
O.packetjitter
k tjitt Jitt and
Jitter d wander
d measurements
t ffor packet
k t networks
t k

Generator (jitter, wander) Analyzer (jitter, wander)

Sine external
Modulation PP
TDEV reference
source
RMS
external ref. timing signal
Reference Phase Meas. TIE
Clock timing detector filter
reference generator MTIE
HP+LP TDEV
LP
Pattern Interface
Interface
generator

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 IEEE Recommendations for jitter generation
Jitter output test methodologies (IEEE 802.3ae Annex 48B.3)
ƒ Time domain measurement using an oscilloscope to characterize the data eye
ƒ Time domain measurement using BERT scan by moving of the data sampling point within the data eye
ƒ Time interval analysis based on accurate measurement of the time interval between threshold
crossings of the transmitter waveform

ƒ Example: BERT scan method eye opening

@ BER 10-12

DUT Interface BERT B

A
Total Jitter TJ = A - B
0.5

ministic
Clock Variable BER bathtub
recovery delay

om
curve

rando
determ
10-44

BER (Bit Error Ratio) is recorded as a function of decision circuit

10-12 RJ DJ
time position, varied over one Unit Interval ( = one bit period)
1UI

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 IEEE Recommendations for jitter tolerance (SRS)

ƒ In SDH/SONET, Jitter tolerance is using sinusoidal jitter

ƒ In Ethernet, combination of impairments create the stressed signal

Stressed receiver sensitivity test (SRS)

= Stressed eye test (SE)
= Stressed receiver conformance test (SRCT)

Stressed Eye

Clock Pattern BT filter Interface Var opt

Var. opt.
generator generator ISI E/O attenuator DUT BERT

Sine jitter Sine interf. OMA

ER
SJ SI

ER Extinction ratio
OMA Optical modulation amplitude
ISI Inter symbol interference
BT Bessel-Thompson
B l Th 4th order
d
VECP Vertical eye closure penalty

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 Stressed receiver conformance test (IEEE 802.3ae)

ƒ Create stressed signal Test conditions

10GE
850
nm
1310
nm
1550
nm
– Control of OMA and ER ER (dB) 3 35
3.5 3
OMA (dBm) -7.5 -10.3 -11.3
– Inject of VECP and Jitter
VECP (dB) 3.5 2.2 2.7
Jitter ((UIpp)
pp) 0.3 0.3 0.3
ƒ Sweep SJ frequency
– Receivers must operate with BER < 10-12

0.1UI

80MHz

ER = 10 log (P1/P0)
OMA = P1-P0
VECP = 10 log (OMA/A0)
P0/P1 = optical power for 0/1

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 Test Applications in SyncE

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 CES network limits defined in G.8261

Example: Support of CES via SyncE

ƒ The CES segment is located as an island between TDM segments
ƒ CES for TDM requires that the timing of the signal is similar on both
ends of the packet network
ƒ The jjitter and wander limits for E1(DS1)
( ) traffic interfaces carried over the
CES segment are based on G.823 (G.824)

max. end-to-end wander (traffic interface)

CES induced wander

E1 I I E1
W PSN W TDM
TDM F F

CES budget < 4.3 µs < G.823

G.823 (end to end E1 traffic interface) < 18 µs

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 Ethernet Equipment Clock limits defined in G.8262

ƒ EEC recovers the line timing from the incoming bit stream
ƒ EEC injects timing onto the outgoing bit stream
ƒ EEC is specified in G.8262 which is based on SDH standard G.813
ƒ Two EEC-Options: Option 1 for 2048 kb/s and Option 2 for 1544 kb/s
ƒ G 8262 defines requirements for clock accuracy,
G.8262 accuracy noise transfer
transfer, noise
tolerance, noise generation, holdover performance
Example: Wander TDEV Tolerance/Transfer measurement configuration for the line signal and timing signal

timing signal Wander tolerance

Sync. Sync. for EEC-option 1
Wander input output
Tolerance T3 T4
TDEV
generation Ethernet Equip.Clock
ETY EEC ETY
SyncE SyncE Wander transfer
BERT for EEC-Option 2
TDEV measurement
Wander Transfer

ETY Ethernet PHY layer network

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 Conclusion

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 Conclusion

ƒ Migration from TDM networks to packet-

switched networks (PSN) based on Ethernet
ƒ Need for timing and synchronization to
ensure that all clocks in the network operate
at the same frequency to avoid errors and
service disruptions
ƒ The specifications and test methodologies
for jitter on Ethernet differ from those for
SDH/SONET because different timing
methods are used
ƒ New ITUITU-TT Recommendations G G.826x
826x
define jitter/wander for synchronous
interfaces and networks according to
existing ITU-T Recommendations
ƒ New ITU-T Recommendation for SyncE test
equipment is in preparation

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 Q&A

Thank you
y
for your attention

andreas alpert@jdsu com

andreas.alpert@jdsu.com

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