CEE 552 - Earth Pressures and Retaining Structures

HW #1 - Due 8-28-12 1
Nathan Bryan

COULOMB ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

Pa = W [tan(q-f)]
(EQ 1)
[1 + tan (d + w)tan(q-f)] cos(d + w)

W sin(q-f)
Pa = (EQ 2)
sin (180 - b - q + f - d)

Pa = active lateral earth pressure resultant per unit width of wall, lbf/ft. 11,667
g = unit weight of retained soil, lbs/ft .3
120
W = weight of soil wedge, lbs/ft. f(qn, b, i)
b = wall backslope from horizontal, degrees. 70
w = wall backslope from vertical, degrees. 20
i = retained soil backslope, degrees. 10
f = effective friction angle of soil, degrees. 35
d = friction angle between backfill material and back of wall, degrees. 17.5
qn = failure plane angle with respect to horizontal, degrees. varies
H = wall height, ft. 20.0

TABLE 1 - Trial Wedge Method

Area of Soil Wedge, q n Weight, Pa (Eq P

qn (Eq 2)
lbs/ft. 1) a

Base, ft. Height, ft. Total, ft 2

10.1 12009.3 21.0 125,897.5 15,107,700 -13,729,629 -13,729,629

11 1201.0 21.0 12,623.3 1,514,801 -1,291,237 -1,291,237
12 600.6 21.1 6,329.1 759,495 -602,648 -602,648
13 400.5 21.1 4,230.2 507,623 -374,669 -374,669
14 300.5 21.2 3,180.1 381,611 -261,737 -261,737
15 240.5 21.2 2,549.5 305,942 -194,749 -194,749
16 200.5 21.2 2,128.7 255,445 -150,678 -150,678
17 172.0 21.3 1,827.8 219,331 -119,662 -119,662
18 150.6 21.3 1,601.7 192,208 -96,773 -96,773
19 134.0 21.3 1,425.6 171,077 -79,276 -79,276
20 120.7 21.3 1,284.5 154,142 -65,534 -65,534
21 109.8 21.3 1,168.8 140,257 -54,507 -54,507
22 100.8 21.3 1,072.2 128,661 -45,501 -45,501
23 93.2 21.3 990.2 118,825 -38,040 -38,040
24 86.6 21.2 919.8 110,371 -31,783 -31,783
25 81.0 21.2 858.5 103,024 -26,480 -26,480
26 76.0 21.2 804.8 96,576 -21,948 -21,948
CEE 552 - Earth Pressures and Retaining Structures
HW #1 - Due 8-28-12 2
Nathan Bryan

27 71.7 21.1 757.2 90,867 -18,043 -18,043

28 67.8 21.1 714.8 85,775 -14,656 -14,656
29 64.4 21.0 676.7 81,202 -11,701 -11,701
30 61.3 21.0 642.3 77,071 -9,111 -9,111
31 58.5 20.9 611.0 73,318 -6,829 -6,829
32 56.0 20.8 582.4 69,891 -4,810 -4,810
33 53.6 20.7 556.2 66,748 -3,019 -3,019
34 51.5 20.7 532.1 63,853 -1,424 -1,424
35 49.6 20.6 509.8 61,177 0 0
36 47.8 20.5 489.1 58,694 1,274 1,274
37 46.2 20.4 469.9 56,382 2,417 2,417
38 44.6 20.2 451.9 54,224 3,443 3,443
39 43.2 20.1 435.0 52,202 4,367 4,367
40 41.9 20.0 419.2 50,305 5,198 5,198
41 40.7 19.9 404.3 48,518 5,948 5,948
42 39.6 19.7 390.3 46,832 6,624 6,624
43 38.5 19.6 377.0 45,239 7,234 7,234
44 37.5 19.4 364.4 43,728 7,784 7,784
45 36.5 19.3 352.4 42,294 8,280 8,280
46 35.7 19.1 341.1 40,929 8,727 8,727
47 34.8 19.0 330.2 39,629 9,129 9,129
48 34.0 18.8 319.9 38,387 9,490 9,490
49 33.3 18.6 310.0 37,200 9,813 9,813
50 32.6 18.4 300.5 36,062 10,103 10,103
51 31.9 18.2 291.4 34,971 10,360 10,360
52 31.3 18.0 282.7 33,924 10,589 10,589
53 30.7 17.8 274.3 32,915 10,790 10,790
54 30.2 17.6 266.2 31,944 10,967 10,967
55 29.6 17.4 258.4 31,008 11,120 11,120
56 29.1 17.2 250.9 30,103 11,251 11,251
57 28.7 17.0 243.6 29,229 11,363 11,363
58 28.2 16.8 236.5 28,382 11,455 11,455
59 27.8 16.5 229.7 27,562 11,529 11,529
60 27.4 16.3 223.1 26,766 11,587 11,587
61 27.0 16.1 216.6 25,994 11,628 11,628
62 26.6 15.8 210.4 25,243 11,655 11,655
63 26.2 15.6 204.3 24,512 11,667 11,667
64 25.9 15.3 198.3 23,799 11,666 11,666
65 25.6 15.0 192.5 23,105 11,652 11,652
66 25.3 14.8 186.9 22,428 11,626 11,626
67 25.0 14.5 181.4 21,766 11,588 11,588
68 24.7 14.2 176.0 21,119 11,538 11,538
69 24.5 14.0 170.7 20,487 11,477 11,477
70 24.2 13.7 165.6 19,867 11,406 11,406
CEE 552 - Earth Pressures and Retaining Structures
HW #1 - Due 8-28-12 3
Nathan Bryan

71 24.0 13.4 160.5 19,259 11,324 11,324

72 23.7 13.1 155.5 18,664 11,233 11,233
73 23.5 12.8 150.7 18,079 11,131 11,131
74 23.3 12.5 145.9 17,504 11,020 11,020
75 23.1 12.2 141.2 16,940 10,899 10,899
76 22.9 11.9 136.5 16,384 10,769 10,769
77 22.8 11.6 132.0 15,837 10,630 10,630
78 22.6 11.3 127.5 15,298 10,481 10,481
79 22.5 11.0 123.1 14,767 10,324 10,324
80 22.3 10.6 118.7 14,242 10,158 10,158
81 22.2 10.3 114.4 13,724 9,982 9,982
82 22.0 10.0 110.1 13,213 9,798 9,798
83 21.9 9.7 105.9 12,707 9,604 9,604
84 21.8 9.3 101.7 12,207 9,401 9,401
85 21.7 9.0 97.6 11,711 9,189 9,189
86 21.6 8.7 93.5 11,220 8,967 8,967
87 21.5 8.3 89.4 10,734 8,736 8,736
88 21.4 8.0 85.4 10,251 8,496 8,496
89 21.4 7.6 81.4 9,772 8,245 8,245
90 21.3 7.3 77.5 9,296 7,984 7,984
Max. Value 11,667 11,667
CEE 552 - Earth Pressures and Retaining Structures
HW #1 - Due 8-28-12 4
Nathan Bryan

Coulomb Lateral Earth Pressure Equation - Active Pressure

cos2(f-w)
Ka = FOR b < f
[1 + (
2
cos w cos(d+w)
2 sin(d+f)sin(f-i)
cos(d+w)cos(w-i) )]
also,

Ka = sin2(b+f)
FOR b < f
[1 + ( sin(d+f)sin(f-i) 2
sin2b sin(b-d)
sin(b-d)sin(b+i) )]
<<< See Table 1 Below Ka = 0.4862 Pa = 11,669 lbf/ft

<<< If i=0, b=90, d=0; then failure plane will be at (45 + f/2)
C o u lo m b A cti ve Ea r t h P re s s u re , lb / ft

<<< See Table 1 Below

Critical Failure Angle, From Horizontal

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Failure Plane, degrees
CEE 552 - Earth Pressures and Retaining Structures
HW #1 - Due 8-28-12 5
Nathan Bryan

<<< Effective Friction Angle of Soil

<<< Critical Failure Plane (From Horizontal); with Phi = 28

<<< Critical Failure Plane (From Horizontal); with Phi = 33

 CEE 552 - Earth Pressures and Retaining Structures
HW #1 - Due 8-28-12 6
Nathan Bryan

ssure

FOR b < f

FOR b < f
COULOMB ACTIVE PRESSURE

Pa = W [tan(q-f)] + CoLc[sinqtan(q+f) + cosq] - CaLa[tan(q-f)cos(-w )+ sin w]

[1 + tan (d + w)tan(q-f)] cos(d + w)

Pa = active lateral earth pressure resultant per unit width of wall, lb/ft 2.
g = unit weight of retained soil, lbs/ft3.
W = weight of soil wedge, lbs/ft.
b = wall backslope from horizontal, ft.
w = wall backslope from vertical, ft.
I = retained soil backslope, degrees.
f = effective friction angle of soil, degrees.
d = friction angle between backfill material and back of wall, degrees.
qn = failure plane angle with respect to horizontal, degrees.
H = wall height, ft.
Ca = cohesion at retaining wall, lb/ft2.
La = length of wall backslope, ft.
Co = cohesion at failure plane, lb/ft2.
Lc = length of failure plane, ft.

TABLE 1 - Trial Wedge Method

Area of Soil Wedge, q n Weight,
qn lbs/ft. tan (q-f) Lc
Base, ft. Height, ft. Total, ft
2

10.1 12013.0 21.0 125,897.5 15,107,700 -0.464 12,013

11 1204.5 21.0 12,623.3 1,514,801 -0.445 1,205
12 603.9 21.0 6,329.1 759,495 -0.424 604
13 403.6 21.0 4,230.2 507,623 -0.404 404
14 303.4 21.0 3,180.1 381,611 -0.384 304
15 243.3 21.0 2,549.5 305,942 -0.364 244
16 203.1 21.0 2,128.7 255,445 -0.344 204
17 174.4 21.0 1,827.8 219,331 -0.325 176
18 152.8 21.0 1,601.7 192,208 -0.306 154
19 136.0 21.0 1,425.6 171,077 -0.287 138
20 122.6 21.0 1,284.5 154,142 -0.268 124
21 111.5 21.0 1,168.8 140,257 -0.249 114
22 102.3 21.0 1,072.2 128,661 -0.231 104
23 94.5 21.0 990.2 118,825 -0.213 97
24 87.8 21.0 919.8 110,371 -0.194 90
25 81.9 21.0 858.5 103,024 -0.176 85
26 76.8 21.0 804.8 96,576 -0.158 80
27 72.3 21.0 757.2 90,867 -0.141 75
28 68.2 21.0 714.8 85,775 -0.123 71
29 64.6 21.0 676.7 81,202 -0.105 68
30 61.3 21.0 642.3 77,071 -0.087 65
31 58.3 21.0 611.0 73,318 -0.070 62
32 55.6 21.0 582.4 69,891 -0.052 60
33 53.1 21.0 556.2 66,748 -0.035 57
34 50.8 21.0 532.1 63,853 -0.017 55
35 48.6 21.0 509.8 61,177 0.000 53
36 46.7 21.0 489.1 58,694 0.017 51
37 44.8 21.0 469.9 56,382 0.035 50
38 43.1 21.0 451.9 54,224 0.052 48
39 41.5 21.0 435.0 52,202 0.070 47
40 40.0 21.0 419.2 50,305 0.087 45
41 38.6 21.0 404.3 48,518 0.105 44
42 37.2 21.0 390.3 46,832 0.123 43
43 36.0 21.0 377.0 45,239 0.141 42
44 34.8 21.0 364.4 43,728 0.158 41
45 33.6 21.0 352.4 42,294 0.176 40
46 32.5 21.0 341.1 40,929 0.194 39
47 31.5 21.0 330.2 39,629 0.213 38
48 30.5 21.0 319.9 38,387 0.231 37
49 29.6 21.0 310.0 37,200 0.249 36
50 28.7 21.0 300.5 36,062 0.268 36
51 27.8 21.0 291.4 34,971 0.287 35
52 27.0 21.0 282.7 33,924 0.306 34
53 26.2 21.0 274.3 32,915 0.325 34
54 25.4 21.0 266.2 31,944 0.344 33
55 24.7 21.0 258.4 31,008 0.364 33
56 23.9 21.0 250.9 30,103 0.384 32
57 23.2 21.0 243.6 29,229 0.404 32
58 22.6 21.0 236.5 28,382 0.424 31
59 21.9 21.0 229.7 27,562 0.445 31
60 21.3 21.0 223.1 26,766 0.466 30
61 20.7 21.0 216.6 25,994 0.488 30
62 20.1 21.0 210.4 25,243 0.510 29
63 19.5 21.0 204.3 24,512 0.532 29
64 18.9 21.0 198.3 23,799 0.554 28
65 18.4 21.0 192.5 23,105 0.577 28
66 17.8 21.0 186.9 22,428 0.601 28
67 17.3 21.0 181.4 21,766 0.625 27
68 16.8 21.0 176.0 21,119 0.649 27
69 16.3 21.0 170.7 20,487 0.675 27
70 15.8 21.0 165.6 19,867 0.700 27
71 15.3 21.0 160.5 19,259 0.727 26
72 14.8 21.0 155.5 18,664 0.754 26
73 14.4 21.0 150.7 18,079 0.781 26
74 13.9 21.0 145.9 17,504 0.810 25
75 13.5 21.0 141.2 16,940 0.839 25
76 13.0 21.0 136.5 16,384 0.869 25
77 12.6 21.0 132.0 15,837 0.900 25
78 12.2 21.0 127.5 15,298 0.933 25
79 11.7 21.0 123.1 14,767 0.966 24
80 11.3 21.0 118.7 14,242 1.000 24
81 10.9 21.0 114.4 13,724 1.036 24
82 10.5 21.0 110.1 13,213 1.072 24
83 10.1 21.0 105.9 12,707 1.111 24
84 9.7 21.0 101.7 12,207 1.150 23
85 9.3 21.0 97.6 11,711 1.192 23
86 8.9 21.0 93.5 11,220 1.235 23
87 8.5 21.0 89.4 10,734 1.280 23
88 8.2 21.0 85.4 10,251 1.327 23
89 7.8 21.0 81.4 9,772 1.376 23
90 7.4 21.0 77.5 9,296 1.428 23
 Pa = unknown lb/ft
g= 120 lbs/ft3
W= f(qn, b, i) lbs/ft2 <<< See Table 1 Below
b= 70 degrees
w= 20 degrees
I= 10 degrees
f= 35 degrees
d= 17.5 degrees
qn = varies degrees <<< See Table 1 Below
H= 20 feet
Ca = 200 lbs/ft2
La = 21.28 ft
Co = 200 lbs/ft2
Lc = varies ft <<< See Table 1 Below

TABLE 1 - Trial Wedge Method

sinq tan(q+f) cos q cos -w sin w tan (d+w) cos (d+w) Pa

0.176 0.985 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -8,270,125

0.198 0.982 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -746,655
0.223 0.978 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -330,836
0.250 0.974 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -193,585
0.278 0.970 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -125,870
0.308 0.966 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -85,895
0.340 0.961 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -59,732
0.374 0.956 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -41,419
0.410 0.951 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -27,978
0.448 0.946 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -17,756
0.488 0.940 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -9,764
0.531 0.934 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -3,373
0.577 0.927 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 1,833
0.625 0.921 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 6,145
0.677 0.914 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 9,768
0.732 0.906 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 12,852
0.791 0.899 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 15,511
0.854 0.891 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 17,831
0.921 0.883 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 19,881
0.994 0.875 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 21,715
 1.072 0.866 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 23,376
1.157 0.857 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 24,901
1.248 0.848 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 26,322
1.348 0.839 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 27,667
1.457 0.829 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 28,960
1.576 0.819 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 30,224
1.707 0.809 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 31,482
1.852 0.799 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 32,757
2.014 0.788 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 34,074
2.195 0.777 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 35,459
2.399 0.766 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 36,943
2.631 0.755 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 38,563
2.898 0.743 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 40,366
3.209 0.731 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 42,410
3.574 0.719 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 44,775
4.010 0.707 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 47,569
4.542 0.695 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 50,947
5.204 0.682 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 55,139
6.052 0.669 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 60,506
7.181 0.656 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 67,648
8.756 0.643 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 77,642
11.114 0.629 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 92,641
15.036 0.616 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 117,668
22.870 0.602 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 167,785
46.349 0.588 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 318,306
### 0.574 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 ###
-47.496 0.559 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -284,427
-24.016 0.545 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -133,938
-16.182 0.530 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -83,873
-12.258 0.515 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -58,922
-9.899 0.500 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -44,020
-8.321 0.485 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -34,146
-7.191 0.469 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -27,150
-6.340 0.454 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -21,953
-5.675 0.438 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -17,959
-5.140 0.423 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -14,808
-4.700 0.407 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -12,272
-4.331 0.391 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -10,199
-4.016 0.375 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -8,483
-3.744 0.358 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -7,048
-3.507 0.342 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -5,841
-3.297 0.326 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -4,818
-3.111 0.309 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -3,950
-2.943 0.292 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -3,210
-2.792 0.276 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -2,579
-2.654 0.259 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -2,042
-2.528 0.242 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -1,587
-2.412 0.225 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -1,203
-2.304 0.208 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -881
-2.205 0.191 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -615
-2.112 0.174 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -399
-2.025 0.156 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -228
-1.944 0.139 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -98
-1.867 0.122 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -5
-1.794 0.105 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 53
-1.725 0.087 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 80
-1.660 0.070 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 77
-1.598 0.052 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 47
-1.539 0.035 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -10
-1.482 0.017 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -92
-1.428 0.000 0.940 0.342 0.767 0.793 -197

Max. Value ###

C o u lo m b A c ti ve Ea r t h P re s s u re , lb / ft

Critical Failure Angle, From Horizontal

350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
30 40 50 60
Failure Plane, degrees
<<< Effective Friction Angle of Soil

<<< Critical Failure Plane (From Horizontal)