Diapositiva 1

HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO, Ing. MSc

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Diapositiva 2

Graduacin y tamao de las partculas

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Diapositiva 3

GRADUACION Y TAMAO MAXIMO DE PARTICULAS

Objetivo: determinar cuantitativamente los

tamaos de las partculas de agregados gruesos y
finos de un material por medio de tamices de
abertura variables

Determinar la distribucin de los tamaos de las

partculas de una muestra seca del agregado, por
separacin a travs de tamices dispuestos
sucesivamente de mayor a menor abertura.
Norma:I.N.V.E -213 ; ASTM C-136 ; AASHTO T-27 ; N L T -150

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Diapositiva 4

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Diapositiva 5

Es uno de los ensayos que permiten obtener mayor

informacin sobre el comportamiento de un agregado en
servicio
Rigidez

Estabilidad

Durabilidad

Permeabilidad

Trabajabilidad

Resistencia friccionante

Resistencia a la fatiga

Resistencia a la accin del agua

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Diapositiva 6

APLICACIONES DEL ENSAYO

Determinar la granulometra de los materiales propuestos para

ser utilizados como agregados.

Determinar el cumplimiento de los requerimientos de las

especificaciones que son aplicables.

Para suministrar los datos necesarios para la produccin de

agregados con cierta granulometra.

Los datos pueden tambin emplearse para desarrollar las

relaciones referentes a la porosidad y el acomodamiento.

Inferir propiedades mecnicas de los agregados

.

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Diapositiva 7

Granulometra
Medida del tamao de los
granos
Se busca que haya la menor
cantidad de vacos.
Mayor compacidad
Mayor resistencia compresin
Menor permeabilidad
Mayor durabilidad
Mayor densidad
Mayor resistencia desgaste
Mayor economa

Hugo Len Arenas Lozano

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Diapositiva 8

Medicin de la granulometra
A travs de tamices de
abertura cuadrada colocados
de mayor a menor
Denominacin tamices:

Antes:
por la medida de la abertura en
pulgadas hasta 1/8 y los ms
pequeos por el numero de
huecos en una pulgada lineal.
Ahora:
por la medida en mm. de la abertura

Hugo Len Arenas Lozano

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Diapositiva 9

A travs de tamices de
abertura cuadrada
colocados de mayor a
menor
Denominacin tamices
Antes: por la medida de la
abertura en pulgadas hasta
1/8 y los ms pequeos por
el numero de huecos en
una pulgada lineal.

Ahora: por la medida en

mm. de la abertura

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Diapositiva 10

TAMIZ: Es un recipiente que presenta en el

fondo un enmallado con aberturas iguales
redondas o cuadradas de un tamao especfico
que reciben su nombre de acuerdo con ese
tamao de abertura.

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Diapositiva 11

NOMENCLATURA
QUE ES UN TAMIZ ?

TAMIZ N 4

4.75 mm

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Diapositiva 12

SISTEMA METRICO SISTEMA HABITUAL SISTEMA METRICO SISTEMA

NORTEAMERICANO HABITUAL
NORTEAMERICANO
63 mm 2 in
4.75 mm N 4
50 mm 2 in
2.36 mm N 8
37.5 mm 1 in
1.18 mm N 16
25.0 mm 1 in
0.60 mm N 30
19.0 mm in 0.30 mm N 50
12.5 mm in 0.15 mm N 100
9.5 mm 3/8 in 0.075mm N 200

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Diapositiva 13

Granulometra
Agregado Grueso Agregado Fino
Malla Equivalencia (mm) Malla Equivalencia (mm)
3 75 N 4 4.75
2 53 N 8 2.36
1 1/2 37.5 N 16 1.18
1 26.5 N 30 0.60
3/4 19.0 N 50 0.30
3/8 9.5 N 100 0.15
N 4 4.75 N 200 0.075

Agregado Grueso: Aquel retenido en la malla N 4.

Agregado fino: Aquel que pasa la malla N 4 y en su
mayora retenido en la malla N 200.

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Diapositiva 14

INV E-214
ASTM C117

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Diapositiva 15

Aplicacin: Todo el agregado

Objeto: Determinar por lavado contenido finos

en agregados

Significado: Los finos en exceso desmejoran

en agregado

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Diapositiva 16

Contenido de Finos

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Diapositiva 17

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Diapositiva 18

Graduacin - Clculos

Tamiz Peso Acumulado______

Retenido Peso Retenido % Retenido % Pasa

1/2 0.0
3/8 6.5
4 127.4
8 103.4
10 72.8
40 64.2
100 60.0
200 83.0
Pasa 200 22.4

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Diapositiva 19

Gradacin - Clculos
EJEMPLO DE APLICACION

Tamiz Peso Acumulado______

Retenido Peso Retenido % Retenido % Pasa

1/2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

3/8 6.5 6.5 1.2 98.9
4 127.4 133.9 24.8 75.2
8 103.4 237.3 44.0 56.0
10 72.8 310.1 57.5 42.6
40 64.2 374.3 69.4 30.6
100 60.0 434.3 80.5 19.5
200 83.0 517.3 95.8 4.2
Pasa 200 22.4 539.7 100.0 0.0

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Diapositiva 20

Curvas granulomtricas

Hugo Len Arenas Lozano

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Diapositiva 21

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Diapositiva 22

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Diapositiva 23

ESPECIFICACIONES
GRANULOMETRICAS

100

80

60
MATERIAL MUY FINO

40
2
MATERIAL MUY GRUESO
20
3 1
0
FRANJA GRANULOMETRICA
100 10 1 0.1 0.01

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Diapositiva 24

Gradaciones

- Pocos puntos de contacto

- Baja trabazn (depende de la forma)
- Alta permeabilidad
* Bien gradada
- Buena trabazn
- Menor permeabilidad
* Discontinuas
- Tamaos limitados
- Buena trabazn
- Baja permeabilidad

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Diapositiva 25

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Diapositiva 26

La experiencia obtenida hasta el presente en el

campo de la ingeniera, en lo correspondiente a la
gradacin de los agregados y su comportamiento en
obra, ha llevado a reconocer el uso de determinada
gradacin segn la estructura a construir. Estas
gradaciones recomendadas generalmente no
corresponden a una curva si no a una franja.

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Diapositiva 27

120,0

100,0

80,0
% PASA

60,0

40,0

20,0

0,0
100,0 10,0 1,0 0,1 0,0
DIAMETRO DE PARTICULAS m m

GRADACION SELECCIONADA DE
LA ESPECIFICACION INVE-340
(BEE-2) PARA BASES
ESTABILIZADAS CON EMULSION

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Diapositiva 28

ESPECIFICACIONES GRANULOMETRICAS

100

80

GRANULOMETRIA DE BASE
60

40

20
GRANULOMETRIA DE FILTRO
0

100 10 1 0.1 0.01

Hugo Len Arenas Lozano

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Diapositiva 29

ESPECIFICACIONES GRANULOMETRICAS

100

80

60
MATERIAL MUY FINO

40
2
MATERIAL MUY GRUESO
20
3 1
0
FRANJA GRANULOMETRICA
100 10 1 0.1 0.01

Hugo Len Arenas Lozano

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Diapositiva 30

ESPECIFICACIONES
GRANULOMETRICAS

100

80

GRANULOMETRIA DE BASE
60

40

20
GRANULOMETRIA DE FILTRO
0

100 10 1 0.1 0.01

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Diapositiva 31

Gradacin - Clculos

Ejercicio:
Si se tiene una cantera que tiene un peso total de
16000 Ton.

Cuanto material tendr de tamao mayor a 3/8 de

pulgada ?

Cuanto material tendr de tamao menor a 4.75 mm ?

Cuanto material tendr entre los tamaos 2.36mm y

0.15mm

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Diapositiva 32

100.00

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
100 10 1 0 0

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Diapositiva 33

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Diapositiva 34

TAMAO MAXIMO: Es la abertura del menor tamiz por

el cual pasa todo el material.

TAMAO MAXIMO NOMINAL: Es la dimensin de la

abertura del tamiz en el que se presenta el primer
retenido. (la dimensin de la abertura del tamiz
inmediatamente superior, a aquel cuyo porcentaje
retenido sea del 15% o mas).

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Diapositiva 35

TAMICES % RET. ACUMULADO % PASA

TM 1 0 100
1
TMN 7.1 92.9

17.2 82.8

3/8 29.7 70.3
#4 44.7 55.3
#8 56.7 43.3
#30 63.0 37.0
# 50 74.9 25.1
# 100 81.5 18.5
# 200 87.3 12.7
Pasa#200 96.4 3.6

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Diapositiva 36

Modulo de finura: Sirve para controlar la uniformidad, en

cuanto a la granulometra, de un agregado que se
suministra peridicamente a una determinada obra.

Es la sumatoria de los porcentajes retenidos acumulados en

la serie de tamices, cuyas aberturas son la mitad de la
anterior, iniciando con el tamiz 3, hasta el tamiz # 100,
dividida entre 100; la serie de tamices es la siguiente
:3,1, ,3/8,N4, N8, N16 , N30, N50, N100.

Arenas finas MF 0.5-1.5

Arenas medias MF 1.5-2.5
Arenas gruesas MF 2.5-3.5

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Diapositiva 37

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