Make a Joule Thief

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by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
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About This Instructable

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1up (/member/1up/)
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Bio: Sometimes my Instructables are few

and far between, but I try to make them as
well as I can. Hopefully you can be inspired
or ... More (/member/1up/)

More by 1up:

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Yes, it's the infamous Joule Thief, in Instructable form! For those of you who
don't know, the Joule Thief is a tiny little circuit that allows you to drive a white or
blue LED from voltages as low as 0.5 volts. You think those batteries are dead? Related
Don't throw them out yet! Hook them up to the Joule Thief to squeeze every last
Single LED Joule Thief
drop of energy out of them!
Candle (/id/Single-LED-Joule-
Thief-Candle/)
The idea and circuit came from this by LeumasYrrep
(/id/Single- (/member/LeumasYrrep/)
(http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2007/11/make_a_joule_thief_weeken_1.html?
The simple Joule Thief.
CMP=OTC-0D6B48984890) Make weekend project. Why don't you pay them a (/id/The-simple-Joule-Thief/)
visit? by xBacon (/member/xBacon/)

(/id/The-
Step 1: Parts and Tools 3W LED Strobe - 2 AA
Batteries and Joule Thief
(/id/3W-LED-Strobe-2-AA-
Batteries-and-Joule-Thief/)
(/id/3W-LED- by hanlin_y
How to make a joule thief -
Boost Converter (/id/How-to-
Make-a-Joule-Thief-Boost-
Converter/)
(/id/How-to- by rudyexplor
Joule thief dog light
(/id/Joule-Thief-Dog-Light/)
by Pricklysauce
(/member/Pricklysauce/)
(/id/Joule-
Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

(/file/FLTVUT6FCEILX8O/)

For this project you will need very few tools and parts, as you will see in the
picture below.
But for those of you who like it in text, here it is:

Helping Hands (Optional)

Soldering Iron
Solder
A Blue or White LED (Other colors are fine, too)
2N3904 Transistor or equivalent
1k Resistor (Brown-Black-Red)
Toroid Bead
Thin wire, two colors (magnet wire works)

You can get the toroid and transistor from a dead CFL; the transistor is usually
labeled 13002.

Also, if you use a 2N4401 or BC337 transistor, your LED will be brighter
because they can handle more amps.

Step 2: Wind the Toroid

Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

(/file/FWU40T6FCEILX9O/)

(/file/FLASIL1FCEILX9N/) (/file/F2F7XITFCEILX9L/) (/file/FPRWGA7FCEILX9I/)

The first step is to wind the toroid. I found mine in an old computer power supply,
and it works fine for me. Toroids are donut-shaped objects like in the picture,
and can be attracted by a magnet.

You can find toroids in a few places. Old computer motherboards, XBOX and
X360 motherboards have them (don't take them unless it's dead!). You can find
toroids in computer power supplies, or you could buy them at your nearest
RadioShack.

Take your two strands of wire, and twist the ends together. You don't have to do
this, but it makes winding a little easier.

Thread the twisted end through the toroid, then take the other two ends (Not
twisted together) and wind it once around the toroid. Don't twist the wires; make
sure that two wires of the same color are not right next to each other.

Keep winding, making sure you wind the coils tight. It will still work if they are
kind of loose, but it is better to have them tight.

Ideally, you want about 8-11 turns on your toroid. Even if you can fit more, don't
put more on. Make sure the turns are spaced evenly around the toroid.

Once you wind around the whole toroid, cut off the extra wire, making sure you
leave a couple of inches for soldering.

Strip some insulation off the wires, then take a wire from each side, making sure
they are of the OPPOSITE COLOR. Twist them together, and then you're done
with the toroid.

Step 3: Solder It All Together

Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

(/file/FB5N6A2FCEILX9G/)

(/file/FTQDHA9FCEILX9F/) (/file/FX5FQ6OFCEILX9D/)

(/file/FR6TD8OFCEILX9C/) (/file/F67CTQTFCEILX98/) (/file/FPYPTZKFCEILX97/)

(/file/FMF63ZMFCEILX95/)

Now we are going to solder the whole thing together. You could put it on a board
if you like, but in this Instructable, we're going to free-hand solder it. Or whatever
you call it. You can follow these written instructions, or take a look at the
 pictures. They explain it very well.
Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
First, take the two outer leads of the transistor and bend them outwards a little
ways, and bendhthe middle lead backwards. Bend .the LED's leads outwards,
Download (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

too. You don't have to, but it makes it easier to solder.

Take one of the wires coming from the toroid that is alone; that is, not twisted
together with another wire. Solder it to one side of the resistor. Solder the other
end of the resistor to the middle lead of the transistor.

Take the other single wire from the toroid, and solder it to the collector of the
transistor. Solder the positive side of the LED to the collector as well, and solder
the negative side to the emitter.

All that's left to do now is solder an extension wire to the negative side of the
LED. Take a piece of that wire you had earlier and solder it to the transistor's
emitter.

Step 4: Try It Out!

(/file/FXOU5PTFCEILX9Q/)

(/file/FC9IBI3FCEILXWR/)
 And that's it! You're finished with your Joule Thief. Touch the twisted wires
Make
comingafrom
Joule Thiefto the
your toroid by 1up (/member/1up/)
positive side of ain battery,
science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
and the extension wire
to the negative side. If all is working well, the LED will light up! If not, try using
thinner wire on hyour toroid. I've included a schematic
. in the picturesCollection
Download (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps I Made it! Favorite Share
if you prefer.

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Comments

We have a be nice comment policy.

Please be positive and constructive. w I Made it! Add Images Post Comment

alaafprojs (/member/alaafprojs/) 2017-06-04 Reply

Is it possible to make it w/o the toroid bead

alaafprojs (/member/alaafprojs/) . alaafprojs (/member/alaafprojs/) Reply

2017-06-04
Yes It is!(I just tried it with a transformer

shreyask9 (/member/shreyask9/) 2017-02-10 Reply

Correction in the schematic of circuit:- The LED is supposed to be connected in

reverse manner.(if you're using NPN transistor) i.e. anode to the emitter of
transistor and cathode to the collector of transistor or vice versa if PNP
transistor...

2017-02-10 Reply
shreyask9 (/member/shreyask9/) made it!

Works like charm....

I salvaged ferrite toriod from CFL ballast circuit and made 10 turnes on it... Ive
used 2n2222a transister and high intensity red led from old broken computer
mouse.. the circuit works on old batteries to suck out every joule of energy from
it.

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FLF/HVRV/IYYSZFIU/FLFHVRVIYYSZFIU.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FHH/B5M7/IYYSZFJD/FHHB5M7IYYSZFJD.LARGE.jpg)
Make aT0BY
Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
(/member/T0BY/) 2016-11-23 Reply

Genius! I am very impressed!

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

FrancisP40 (/member/FrancisP40/) 2016-11-08 Reply

How big should the ferrite core must be and how many windings needed?

ihaveaplace (/member/ihaveaplace/) 2016-07-11 Reply

I've been back over it numerous times. Can anyone tell me what's wrong here?
I know the circuit is terminated properly as it works with 3v. Just won't work with
1.5v :(

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F69/G1CR/IQGUT7IT/F69G1CRIQGUT7IT.LARGE.jpg)

miked2001 (/member/miked2001/) . ihaveaplace (/member/ihaveaplace/) Reply

2016-11-07
Does the LED have an internal resistor?

Have you tried lighting the LED with a 2.0 volt supply or a 3 volt coin cell?
More turns in the winding might do the trick, (longer wires).

kyooby (/member/kyooby/) . ihaveaplace (/member/ihaveaplace/) Reply

2016-08-11
What transistor type you've used?

ihaveaplace (/member/ihaveaplace/) . kyooby (/member/kyooby/) Reply

2016-08-11
Same as instructions. 2N3904. I used wire from cat 5 cable
which seems thin enough but I could be wrong?

kyooby (/member/kyooby/) made it! . ihaveaplace (/member/ihaveaplace/)

2016-08-12 Reply
connections seems to be ok but leds negative side is
connected to emiter transistor and minus from battery? I've meet
sometime problems with ring toroid can't light a joule thief. Check other
toroid ring and transistor fault if any. I've made a bigger joule thief inverter
on cilindric toroid primary-45meters x wires(0,28mm) and secondary
24turns 0,68 mm over primary connections from secondary just like joule
thief and I can light 3w-5w bulb leds from 1,5v battery over 4 hours light.
Joule thief it's an easy schematic but any foult cannot make it work. Don't
give up. Try harder. Cheers

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F6N/SGDK/IRRLBUA5/F6NSGDKIRRLBUA5.LARGE.jpg)
Make stannickel
a Joule(/member/stannickel/)
Thief by 1up (/member/1up/)
made it!
in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
2016-11-03 Reply

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

My first joule thief. It must work. It powers a 3 volt LED with a single 1.5 volt AA
battery. I used a VN10KM Power FET for the transistor. The designations for
Base Collector Emitter in an FET are Gate Drain Source from what I could find
on the web. Anyway, it works!

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F12/E4N2/IV0AIOEK/F12E4N2IV0AIOEK.LARGE.jpg)

gizu_one (/member/gizu_one/) made it! 2016-10-16 Reply

Hi,

i added 2 Leds, a potentiometer and two switches to make an reading/night light

robot out of scrap parts. :D Thank you !

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F8L/G3IE/IU9V88PQ/F8LG3IEIU9V88PQ.LARGE.jpg)

2016-10-09 Reply
GaryDP (/member/GaryDP/) made it!

Fun little project! Worked great first try!

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F78/Z55T/ITW3ENPG/F78Z55TITW3ENPG.LARGE.jpg)

Lucio MartinC (/member/Lucio+MartinC/) 2016-09-11 Reply

I hope this comment helps. Mine didn't worked at first but after some
CRITICAL fixes: 1) Bigger toroidal and thinner wires. And MOST IMPORTANT
2) The transistor wired as shown will NOT work in many cases because Base,
Collector and Emitter are NOT in the same place. You need to know where the
BCE are and is recommended to see a diagram for this circuit. I used both
ferrite core and transistor from a dead CFL and did the test with a "dead" 1.5v
battery and a UV LED. My transistor was a 13002.

The weekend mechanic (/member/The+weekend+mechanic/) 2016-04-28 Reply

Mine is coming on but it is not getting brighter and the voltage is the same. I use
a 13003 transistor. Please some help.
 kyooby (/member/kyooby/) . The weekend mechanic
Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
(/member/The+weekend+mechanic/) 2016-08-11 Reply

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/)
Use a potentiometer 1k for adjusting .
4 Steps brightness Collection
or even better 100ohms I Made it! Favorite Share
pot.

ajay_1558 (/member/ajay_1558/) 2016-05-23 Reply

Hi, I tried making the same circuit but i don`t know what is wrong it`s not
working i used the npn 2n2222 instead of a npn 2n3904 and i followed the
same steps shown here but i can`t figure out why my circuit isn`t working? plz
help i need it urgently!

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F87/7YLV/IOIU7Y2Z/F877YLVIOIU7Y2Z.LARGE.jpg)

Rogermatz (/member/Rogermatz/) . ajay_1558 (/member/ajay_1558/) Reply

2016-06-12
No importa el transistor, siempre y cuando sea NPN, lo que
debe estar sucediendo es que una de las bobinas est en vertida, as que
cambia el orden de solo una bobina

StefanD27 (/member/StefanD27/) . ajay_1558 (/member/ajay_1558/) Reply

2016-05-25
You need a wire from the LED's negative to the battery.

2016-05-21 Reply
TravisM18 (/member/TravisM18/) made it!

I used a 2N3904 or 2N2222 going into a tip 31. It ran a solar led garden light
that had a joule thief in it ran by my second joule thief. I got rid of the battery
and replaced it with a 100F capacitor charged to 1v. It draws 2.6 miliamps.

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F7O/OCK3/IOFZB44X/F7OOCK3IOFZB44X.LARGE.jpg)

TravisM18 (/member/TravisM18/) . TravisM18 (/member/TravisM18/) Reply

2016-05-21
My transformor was a bifillar toroid over rubberized ferite. And
the choke was from a pc tower power supply. With a few of 10 pf
capacitors. I just posted the circuit as the board migh be too confusing
with that darlington array on it or what was a modifed darlinton pair. And
that may not be perfectly drawn. PNP transistors would have worked
better I think also.

TravisM18 (/member/TravisM18/) . TravisM18 (/member/TravisM18/) Reply

2016-05-21
You can use the digikey site to draw circuits as well.
Make aMarkP188
Joule(/member/MarkP188/)
Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
2016-04-20 Reply

Would it be better to use a N channel MOSFET in place of the NPN bipolar

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share
transistor? There's usually a 5V reverse bias limit on the base-emitter junction,
a FET could allow more negative voltages on its gate (e.g with a. lower turns
ratio), plus it's more efficient because there's no saturation voltage drop. I guess
you'd also have to watch that the steady state (DC) condition of the transistor
being on permanently which could short the battery, but a nice little circuit!

Pricklysauce (/member/Pricklysauce/) 2016-03-26 Reply

Hey thank you for your help with building my little dog light, now an Instructable!
https://www.instructables.com/id/Joule-Thief-Dog-Li...
(https://www.instructables.com/id/Joule-Thief-Dog-Light)

I couldn't have done it without your own great Instructable.

ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/) 2016-02-23 Reply

i have been trying with many transistor/wire/battery nothink working :c

What's wrong ?

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FEE/ZMSS/IKYGBYJ3/FEEZMSSIKYGBYJ3.LARGE.jpg)

6teeth (/member/6teeth/) . ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/) 2016-03-14 Reply

emitter/collecter seems both to be connected to -

6teeth (/member/6teeth/) . ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/) 2016-03-14 Reply

emitter/collecter seems both to be connected to -

6teeth (/member/6teeth/) . ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/) 2016-02-23 Reply

What resistor are you using?

6teeth (/member/6teeth/) . 6teeth (/member/6teeth/) 2016-02-23 Reply

You could check all components, if there is current through them.Try "
ordinary" wire ,instead of cobber wire for the toroid, unless you have
current flowing through ofc ( they can be a bit difficult to get stripped right
),Check led works ( i dunno why you shrinktubed it ) it is easier not to,
when starting up, get polarity right. :) That is all i can be helpfull with.
Hope it works out fine.

ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/) . 6teeth (/member/6teeth/) 2016-02-23 Reply

Resistor is 1.2k the only one i was having on hand , i just tryed with some
other wire same result , led is ok , i also tryed with a 920 ohm same result
.
I have no luck with that sort of circuit i think :,),
Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FPJ/X1X6/IKZSAB09/FPJX1X6IKZSAB09.LARGE.jpg)

Reply
6teeth (/member/6teeth/) made it! . ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/)

2016-02-24
Your circuit dosent quite seem right, from what i can see.This is
what i can show.Remember transistor NPN.

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F9K/6VY5/IKY6L4X1/F9K6VY5IKY6L4X1.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FYK/KH4N/IKY6L4X2/FYKKH4NIKY6L4X2.LARGE.jpg)

2016-02-27 Reply
6teeth (/member/6teeth/) made it!

Ok here they are,all 3 J-Thieves.Was fun to make them.I want to make more,
smaller,wierder.
Can any tell how bedst to measure lightintensity without a lightmeter? To
measure effency in circuit?

If it is possible

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FZY/YCWS/IL4FQNF2/FZYYCWSIL4FQNF2.LARGE.jpg)

2016-02-26 Reply
6teeth (/member/6teeth/) made it!

Wanted to make a smaller but as i am learning it will come.

Actually fun to make your own pcb.

Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FL3/7CV3/IL4APEW4/FL37CV3IL4APEW4.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FLS/UN71/IL4APEW6/FLSUN71IL4APEW6.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F9P/J306/IL4APEYS/F9PJ306IL4APEYS.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FZC/UQR6/IL4APF2S/FZCUQR6IL4APF2S.LARGE.jpg)

2016-02-23 Reply
6teeth (/member/6teeth/) made it!

Another J-thief.Random,casual,carefully handpicked vintage components. :)

Solderwork looks crappy and is.I`m a novice.

J-thief rox.

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FGV/BY3J/IKY6JK4H/FGVBY3JIKY6JK4H.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F8J/E5ZT/IKY6JK66/F8JE5ZTIKY6JK66.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FEC/P39Z/IKY6JK85/FECP39ZIKY6JK85.LARGE.jpg)
Make a Joule Thief by 1up (/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
ralrigs (/member/ralrigs/) 2016-02-22 Reply

Download h a s9014 work ?

(/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/)
hello , could
4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

thanks

2016-02-06 Reply
6teeth (/member/6teeth/) made it!

:) my 1.st.Tis loads fun.Just the beginning.

Ty for tutorials.

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FW1/B5NL/IKBHRA7L/FW1B5NLIKBHRA7L.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F9R/OBDR/IKBHRA82/F9ROBDRIKBHRA82.LARGE.jpg)

(https://cdn.instructables.com/FK5/9SK4/IKBHRAE3/FK59SK4IKBHRAE3.LARGE.jpg)

6teeth (/member/6teeth/) . 6teeth (/member/6teeth/) 2016-02-06 Reply

Ps it is a 1 watt button led.

FlorinCB (/member/FlorinCB/) made it! 2016-02-01 Reply

I used BC549C to build a Joule Thief.

(https://cdn.instructables.com/F8L/C7C2/IJYV129M/F8LC7C2IJYV129M.LARGE.jpg)

FlorinCB (/member/FlorinCB/) 2016-01-26 Reply

Does not work with 1.5V and 421 2DT nor with BC 337-40, only at 3-5V.

TheG16 (/member/TheG16/) 2016-01-25 Reply

 In my experience dead CFL's are not a reliable source for toroid's as they are
Make aoften
Joule Thief
too small to beby
useful in a project like
1up (/member/1up/) this. (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
in science

Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share

Dylanjcasey117 (/member/Dylanjcasey117/) 2015-01-03 Reply

Would a 2N3906B work i don't know about transiters

MartinL10 (/member/MartinL10/) . Dylanjcasey117 (/member/Dylanjcasey117/)

2015-09-21 Reply
You can, but you have to reverse the polarity of the
supply and the LED on the circuit.

Hitechcomputergeek. (/member/Hitechcomputergeek./) . MartinL10

(/member/MartinL10/) 2016-01-05 Reply

Here's a schematic for a PNP version: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-

nKDPBXQ1fhg/VLyHUdlfIZI/... (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
nKDPBXQ1fhg/VLyHUdlfIZI/AAAAAAAABsY/7D6-sx2EI1s/s1600/pnp-
joule-thief-wiring.png)

Hitechcomputergeek. (/member/Hitechcomputergeek./) . MartinL10

(/member/MartinL10/) 2016-01-05 Reply

Here's a schematic for a PNP version: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-

nKDPBXQ1fhg/VLyHUdlfIZI/... (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
nKDPBXQ1fhg/VLyHUdlfIZI/AAAAAAAABsY/7D6-sx2EI1s/s1600/pnp-
joule-thief-wiring.png)

KilroySmith (/member/KilroySmith/) . Dylanjcasey117 (/member/Dylanjcasey117/)

2015-01-06 Reply
The 2N3906 is a PNP transistor. The circuit requires a
NPN transistor like the 2N3904 or the 2N2222.

justas.uzusienis (/member/justas.uzusienis/) 2015-03-10 Reply

Hey :) I am making a mini wind turbine and my motor generates about a 1V .

With the joule thief I get 1.5V . How to get ~4.5V ? How to do it? Is it possible?

mcombatti (/member/mcombatti/) . justas.uzusienis (/member/justas.uzusienis/)

2015-06-03 Reply
Increase the number of turns on your toroid and use a
higher rated transistor. With 200 turns of the primary coil and 8 of the
secondary, you can get approximately 110v, enough to power a CFL from
an AA battery...but only for about 20 minutes. A D battery has a larger
energy density and capacity, and may last upto an hour powering a CFL.
The circuit doesn't actually do any boosting. It merely oscillates the
voltage at a high frequency, which tricks electronics into powering up. A
rapid recording would show that the light actually turns on and off at such
a high rate, to our eyes appears to be lit solid.

heckn (/member/heckn/) . mcombatti (/member/mcombatti/) 2015-12-25 Reply

would adding a small capacitor help then? Or would it drain it too fast,
maybe if the capacitor was minimal, you wouldn't want the cap to be Over
charging, just right on the threshold.
 Make a Joule Thief by 1up
krishna.cool.94849 (/member/krishna.cool.94849/) . mcombatti
(/member/1up/) in science (/explore/category/technology/keyword/science/)
(/member/mcombatti/) 2015-11-16 Reply
Download h (/id/Make-a-Joule-Thief/) 4 Steps . Collection I Made it! Favorite Share
And by secondary and primary what do you mean........ Could you tell
which one goes for the base and which one for the collector?

I More Comments

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