Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
wUMB rd
_ e'
uU _ nBK
w UMB
uHR*
tOC vO UIM 5d uL bL
UF d?
hL( u rOF ZUM* W?M' fOz
5U ZUM* ed
U db
ZUM* e?d
hL(u dL ud d
WOMH dzb
U?d b?z d?
UL
uL UL r?OL?B
u? bL? WUDK Vu; b
VOD) bL uG dd%
dU uL dL bO?? ?CM
wUMB dH wMI wMN* rOKF UNM* WCdF uD) b wMu odH
wUMB rd hB
uIF bL wKO Xb
WO
d v_ WF
D
?
ZUM* edw
UF
rOKF
WOd
u
WuH l?D
uI lOL
WMb* ed WN s 5LO
vK U bUF* U uOB* w ZUM* ed
5DK
tK
fU
uHK
pcdc@palnet.com wdJ
uMF
www.pcdc.edu.ps WOdJ
WHB
bONL
uK
WbI
oOu w tK
U???u??;
wUMB rd UOU
v_ bu
WU WbI
wUMB rd
rd W dOC
Scale rd UOI
Lines uD
sUL
WObMN UOKLF
WOU bu
WOU_ WObMN UOKLF iF
_ w???b??? q???BH
sUL
bUF* dOUM* r
WU bu
WObMN UJ_ ULL dOUML sO odH
bUFL dOUML r vK WK
sUL
bUF* jU* r
WFd bu
jUL r
dOUMLK W jUL r vK WK
rd W vK jUL lu
Dimensioning UF_ WU
sUL
b?????u
o
30
v_ bu b
bzu tOL tu wUMB rd uNH vK dF
WLOK dDU UNb WOHO WHK* wUMB rd vK dF
Uu rd UUI vK dF
tb rd UOI vK dF
WOMM* WKzU* WOd WOI_ WHK* UNuQ uD) r UI
WE
lML pc hBL VI s U uL WIKF Wud d s bOF T d dD kH
hIL
UNb
rd W UU
YO U qJA b UNMO WU UF WOUOI rd Wu
bM b ld d UNU w A0 edU WOUO r W d _ ed
A1 edU ULNM qJ ed sO ZM sOU sOL v A0 rOI
q d u sO WM uJ YO A4 v qB v cJ
bL w wbMN rdU UOI dG 1 v 2 sO WMU Wu
841594 A1
594420 A2
420297 A3
297210 A4
WOLUF ISO e?? UHuL U I rd b
UA
su sOKL u lOL WUI s b QK T dDL WUI h WId vK UL UM sJL
WNK udL j u tKI r T dDL bUL sJO U uL U D sOKL bQ rd
WLzU YKL W wMF sO ]D oUD _ j Wb s d U uL U D rdM d_
YKL b V
WdAF tUHUC 1:1 wM ed l U dLOKO Ub b uJ WbL dUL lOL w
UOIK WbL dUL lOL qLF VK_ vK dOGB dOJK qLF Ub wU U
rdK jI
UNU Ud W
UL*
rd s WKBHML bze uD QD uD uL b
UN e w rd s WdI QD uD u r
Erasing shield uL WOH bU UL e_ vK dOQ
uLK WMO UL b U Lz qC_ s
ULL
WKIM*
s VUG w lMB WHK UQ w Ue UOI
pO
WKIML
d*
rK d WUF dL sOu vK w tU rKI d
WU wJOUJOL rKI d WOuB wA Ud
dLOKO 2
dL
nOEMK UL WFD Ud
WObMN _ rd Wu WUD nOEM UL WFD Ud
uL UUI U s UN oKF UL
nOEMK Ud
o
jdA
tJL U wA uK vK rd Wu XO o
r 2
o jdA
bUL _ qJA
rd WU
r 75 UFH dDL u
o
90
dDL
rd W XO qJA
Frame WuK U r
vK qODL U uJ sOKL T dD bU rd WuK U qJAO qOD r r
rdK UFH eO bO rd W u lOL s r 1 bF
10 10 10 10 10 10
UUO b
A3 A4
297
10
10
10
420 210
WuK U qJA
UUO b r ?
e w UUO c VJ rd Wu sL{ Ud rd s UUO iF WUJ WU WU UM
UMb w WbL ULM b qL qJA qJ WuK s sL_ wKH
qH_ w UN uKDL UUO b wU UU l A4 r Wu sO YO WOUMB
UE
W v b dI 100000 : 1 WDd) vK rd UOI
L UO v 5LO s UOI* d V
dOGB n
WuK b w dNE c b* rd UOI s dEM iG rd vK WOIOI( UF_ VJ
Ue b U UF_ lOL dOGB dOJ qJ
b r Wu w 5HK r wUOI UO qCH
UA
b bM wU rd UF V
2 : 1 rd UOI
50
o
qJA
Hidden line wH
* j)
l HB u s U rKI ZM dLOKO 0.5 - 0.3 sO tJL d uK ju lDI id j
U UNu d WU Ud l dLOKO 4 - 3 sO UNu d WU WLOI lDI
rd jGC nOH
WOzdL dO u uD qLO dLOKO 2-1 sO
wzUA j
rK
wzd j
rK
wH j
rK
rK u e d j
rK lD j
uD u qJA
wH j b j
bF j
lD j
wze wzd j
wzUA j
e d j
u
uD
qOKE
lD j
dEM U
YK* dD*U WO uD r
uD rd U F YKL dDL b
`OB UNF{ w dDL X WOd
We wFK{ b oDM YO YKL lC
WOd uD rd WuKF UNU vK WLzUI
WLzUI WU b vK vK_ v qH_ s
WuLF uD qJA
o
30
45 uD qJA 30 uD qJA
60 We r qJA
o
45
o o
45 o 75
75
o
30 o
30
o
60
o
45 o
o
60 75 45
o
75
75 We r qJA
160
98
35 12 50
40
70
12
128
210
46
12
WObMN UOKLF
o
bu b
.rOK qJAU _ b UI vK bOQ
WLOK WObMN dDU WLEM* WObMN UJ_ r UI
.iF l UNCF WOMM* WLOI* uDK WHK* WdA* UUL* r UI
?
?
R
UdD nB uKF dz q {_ U YK r sJL q
ldL r qJA
rEM* wb qJA r UF
tFK{ u rK
WO uD l UdHU uKF tFK{ u wb qJ rd
qJA w UL
wb qJA ed bb wd wI_ su; rd
WDIM
lDI Uu rd w ed lKC u UdH W fHM ?
? ? WH fHM w UdH ed pc w dzb jO
? ? w dzb jO lDI Uu rd
UA
wb r qJA
lKC uKF rEML wI_ uLU t b dL UdHU ULEM UOb J r
60 60
W UUL* lUI UI s rEM* wb qJA pc ZMO
?
rEM* wb qJA dNE bze `/
R
rEML wb r qJA
sOuL sOFKC sO UNU dzb q wb qJA q
WO uD
.o bI0 tM bF jK Uu UD rd
?
o
?
o
uI r qJA
sOD ULL UA
jI UdH WDu WLzU W fL uKF dD nBM U u r
o
rOI j
WN s o bI0 tM bF j) u ULOI U D rd
dzb
o
w u*
o
fL u r qJA
u j
o
o
rd o o UbI WH w UdH ed
Uu
o
o
uKD*
o
uKD*
o
o
rd oo UbI WH w UdH ed
Uu
o
o
uKD*
o
UL* rd o UbI WH WDIM w UdH ed
uKD*
o
U s sOdzb UL u r qJA
sdL
sdL sdL
sdL sdL
sdL
o
o o
sdL
o
sdL
sdL
o
oo
o o
sdL
bu b
WObMN UJ_ UL* dOUM* 5 dH eOO9
uEM v tKu wbMN qJAK YU bF qO9 s sJL
WON' Wde 5Oz 5IdD bUF uD WuM dOUM r s sJL
sd9
nM
o dL b w UNL
l{u WOU Uud s
qJA
L
wU_ uL
_ u
wU wU uL
wU uL 120 120
90 135
uD uD dF
wI _ uL
dF
wI _ uL
bUFL W UuL qJA
W
UNM sOM dN W bLF dOUML s u b UM uEML WDu rd w U_ qOL
WN' w o30 We
zU dF o30 We
zU tO uD rd Isometric de_ uEM*
qJ U O UH uJ ULMO d_
uJ ULMO d_ WN' w o45 We
zU dF U OI tO uD rd Oblique wN' uEM*
qJ U O UH
UE
zU uEM* rd
iF UNCF UN
W tuD W s sJL v 5U( w
wd j) wI _ j) s uJ c WOIOI UF uJ b `D
vK u wN' uEM*
wIOI( UNKJA WOMM* uD) tO dNE `D c b U
VU w wIOI( bF nB bI0 tL r o45 W vK
zU wN' uEM* w qzU* bF uJ
UO_
wIOI( UbF de_ uEM* w UF_ q
r r
UNCF WMU tuD u{ tL WuN V de_ uEML r vK eO
d rO c
iF
WN s wI _ s o30 We
zU U D s rd
30 WDIM ZM bF tOK b 5LO
? WN s wI _ s o30 We
zU U D s rd
30 30 ? WDIM ZM bF tOK b UO
ZM bF tOK b U O U D s rd
? WDIM
30 30
rd ? 5DIM s VFJ* r qLJ
? s rd r jK Wu WO uD
5DK Wu uJ 5M' vK WKzU U uD
vK ? 5DIM vK qBM ?
uD ? 5D) r qLJ VOd
? `D ZMO UO vK 30 W vK WKzU
30 30 qJA VFJLK uKF
de_ VFJL uEM r qJA
ZM uD tOK b s U OI U D rd
WDIM
UH tOK b U O U D s rd
WDIM ZM
45
U uD rd OD* u r qLJ
zU U D rd r ? s vK WO
? WDIM vK qBM WDIM s ? jK U u
? WDIM vK qBM s U OI U D rd r
zU U D b wIK s d U OI U D rd
?
ZMO WDIM w ? s oKDM ? jK U u
50
20
?
40 60
qJA
rd uD
qJA rC c OD* u rd
rK 60 wK UL
UF_ UOI p uKD*
?
dF u vK rK 40 uD u vK
uD UH u vK rK 50 dO
qJ 5N' vK o30 WeU O1 dF
50
40 60
30 30
qJA
s rK 25 fOI ? WOU_ WNu vK
r WDIM ZM WuKF W U( vK ? WDIM
?
ZM dO W U( vK WDIM s rK 20 fOI
qH U O U D WDIM s rd WDIM
? UFUIO jK U u U D WDIM s rd
qJA ? WDIM w
qJA
qJA
s rd qH U O U D WDIM s rd
w UFUIO jK U u U D WDIM
?
qJA ? 5DIM 5 qu
?
qJA
qJA
50
20
?
40
60
qJA
rd uD
qJA ? WDIM w
qJA
?
20
qJA
s rd qH U O U D WDIM s rd
qu w UFUIO d U OI U D WDIM
25 ?
qJA ? 5DIM 5
?
20
qJA
qJA
qJA qJA
qJA qJA
qJA qJA
qJA qJA
bUF* jU* r
WFd bu b
tKO9 WOHO dH w uLF UI uNH vK dF
UNOK UI WOHO WOU_ W Uu * WdF
guN 5 UNMO UdH UO
rd Wu vK W j
U * VOd WdF
UNFu j
U * vK UF_ WU WdF
WOMM* WKzU* WuLF UNuD u vA dOUMLK W j
U * r UI
WLOK dDU UNOK UF_ WU j
U * lu YO s WKUJ wUM r Wu r UI
sOF u vK r s WD
U WLOI WF UI s ZM c d_ u U D jI L
w UL UNM sOM q wIK w bUFL W Ozd W Uu L vK WIU bu w XdF b
qJA
uD bF u j w wI_ u * l wIK wU_ u *
UH bF u j w wU' u * l wIK wU_ u *
dF bF u j w wI_ u * l wIK wU' u *
UH
L w
U
u
_ u
wU L
dF
uD
L
_ u
wI
qJA qJA
qJA qJA
sJL tS qJA w UL qUH WDu UNMO ULO WJUL W Uu L dU
db r dF j vK uuL qBHL eM p dO b u `B Uu L c d
qJ wU_ u L l b u vK UB YO wI_ wU u L
UE
UNL U bF rd w U _ qOL d r s U j
U L r bF
uEM* r w UuNE U wIOI( UNKJA u
_ dzb dNE
WO WOI uD s uJ UNLEF YO WuN d O j
U * uD rEF rd
tM WKU dJ UD dA r * j
U s jI 5DI rd UH sJ1
WuN d O j
U * vK d UuKF UF_ l{u
30
30 30
30
30
30 30 30
qJA
25
25
50 35
35
25
50
35 50
qJA
qJA
20
45
20
45 qJA
50
50
40 35
35
35 40
40
qJA
wU
_
6 5 4
9 8 7
12 11 10
15 14 13
?
18 17 16
21 20 19
wU jI L r??
qJA
qJA
uD dF
UH
wU_ jI L wU jI L
dF
wI_ jI L
rd W
vK j
U L lu qJA
dF + UH - WU L
3
R
jI sODI rd U UbM j
U L lu WUF U pMJL q
U
dFU A4 W
b r UOIL qJA w sOL uEMLK W j
U L rd
qJA
rd q( uD
w UUO b U r bF qJA w UL dFU A4 W
u rd eO UF
rK 190 UH vB
ULMO rK 267 u vB
rK 84 U uEMLK u vB
rK 72 U uEMLK d vB
rK 46 U uEMLK UH vB
dvB
+ u vB
-
3
dvB
+ UH vB
-
3
1 2
24
37 37
4
?
24
qJA
1 2
r K u vB
37 r K d vB
3 84 5 6 72
UH vB
46
wU_ jI L wU jI L
37
4
?
qJA
2H rKI qJA w
d vB
U OK s fOI 5 WDIM vK qBM rK 84 r K u vB
sOLOK s fOI
vK qBM rK 46 r K UH vB
qH s fOI r 6 WDIM vK qBM rK 72 r K
r wU_ jI L eO qLL qOD L vK qBM 5 s U O U D 7 s U OI U D rd 7 WDIM
wU jI L eO qLL qOD L vK qBM 6 s U O U D rd
3 5 6
wU_ jI L wU jI L
8 37
d vB
72
wI_ jI L
4
?
qJA
2H rKI qJA w
lUI U OI U D UNM rd w 8 WDIM vK qBM rK 72 r K d vB
vK ? s fOI
wI_ jI L eO qLL qOD L vK qBM qH 5 s udL wd j l
W j
U L UNKb rd w OD L vK qB pc
4
?
qJA
qJA w
wd HB rKI W j
U LK U rUFLdNE r 2H rKI se q JA W j
U L rd b
lDI j WOzdL dO u r
UUO b WF qLJ WdC dO bze uD ULLU qe
eOL tUO d* bF bO 2H rKI rd qB lO j u Dimension Line UF_ j
wK U0 UF_ j
bF WU d* jK U u bF j rd
rK 10 jI * s bF j) WU d
rK 8 iF s ULNCF 5u* bF wD) WU d
?
bF j WUN w t vK2 YKL bF j wd w HB rKI rN_ rd Arrows rN_
rK 1 wu tbU
rK 3 wu rN u uJ
wI j
WLzU W U W WdHM W
du
{ UFK{ UH
UH
WU UU
{_ U YK sOU U YK We rzU YK {_ nK YK
WU { sOKUI sOFK{ q
WU { WU WKUI {
90 UNMO 90 U sOU
ld qOD sOF {_ u
jOL dzb d uL j
Wdz WFD
dz l
dDI
UL j
dDI nB
dz UD
UL WDI
dz
h
U lD
UH
UH
dF
UH
lKC u uD
bUI
VFJ OD u rzU w uAM WLzU WuD
d d
UH
bUI
lKC u lKC u bUI
rEM wb rEM wUL wU d rzU d
ldL WLzU
WOM_ ld*
1 Frederick E. Giesecke & others, Technical Drawing, 2th ed. Prentice Hall, 2003.
2 Jackson E, Advanced Level Technical Drawing, 3ed. London: Longman Group Ltd., 1975.
WOdF ld*
lu dAMK dA UL wbMN r w ld* `U uL uL
lu dAM WUDK UU tK wbMN rd U vO WOC
aU b WOFU' Vd dO wbMN rd U sb w AI
lu dAMK UH UL wbMN rd u u
WdF* U b dH wbMN rd bOL( b dJ