tion of the dish antenna

not the easiest of tasks.

The long yagi certainlYhas
l e s s w i n d r e s i s t a n c e .A n
optimum spacedlong Yagi2
reouiresa 100 foot boom to
Vield 26 dB of gain. lt is
easieito constructand could

DualRhornbic be made light in weight.But

the 1 to 1.5 percent band-
width of the operatingfre
q u e n c yl i m i t s t h e u s e f u l n e s s ,
especially on the 420'450
MHz band. Stackingtwo 50
foot boom long Yagiscould
be done with someease.The

ForVHF-UHF stackingdistancewill require

a mast extendingout of the
top of the tower in excessof
25 feet if the equivalent26
dB of gain is to be realized.
The torque loads created in
s t a r t i n ga n d s t o P P i n ga 1 0 0
foot boom representan addi-
tional problemfor the rotator
mechanism. The swaYingof a
high gain long Yagi antenna
during gusty wind Produces
work someDXI signalvariationsduring both
transmit and receive(similar
to QSB created bY atmos-
pheric changes along the
signalpath).
C o n s i d e ra 2 6 d B g a i n I
collinear array antenna.The I

less
Bili Parker WSDMR twice the design fre- pointing systems. Antennas array would have a lot
20 dB are wind resistance than the dish
2738 Floribunda Drive quency; with gainexceeding 1
a l s oe x h i b i t
Coiumbus OH 43209 (c) permit sharedmast u s e d o n V H F , U H F , a n d a n t e n n al.t w o u l d (
higher. For best results at more bandwidth than the a
mounting with other
these frequencies, the anten- y a g i . l t w o u l d r e q u i r e ,h o w - (
antennas for ease of
na must be placedhigh and ever, an array of 12 elements (
rotation;
a b o v e t h e s u r r o u n dni g broadside (high) bY 8 ele' t
(d) is easy and not
Wind loading m e n t s c o l l i n e a r (wide). lt
o v e r l y t i m e - c o n s u m i n g obstructions. n
to construct:and produced by such mast- would take a total of 96 n
(e) is tigrrt of weight mounted rotatable antennas d r i v e n e l e m e n t s P l u s 9 6 al

and inexPensive (under at the top of the tower r e f l e c t o r e l e m e n t s 3 t o

$20) too? cannot be ignored if the provide a gain of aPProxi- L
mately 23 dB. To obtain the
A parabolic dish cannot. antennasystemis to survive. (I

hat single antenna T h e o p t i m u m s P a c e dl o n g Can you imaginea21 foot a d d i t i o n a 3l d B f o r a 2 6 d B T

p a r a b o l i c d i s h gain collineararray,the total rl
can Drovide26 dB of yagi cannot.A collineaiarraY d i a m e t e r
(required to Pro- a r r a y n e e d e dw o u l d c o n t a i n fo
gain over a half wave diPole cannot. Nor can the log antennar 384 elementsand a frame to
and also periodic, corner reflector, duce 26 dB of gain) mast- p(
support them. Even at 435
(u) exhibit relativelY helix, or anY other antenna. mounted and rotatableon a
50 foot tower in a 50 mPh MHz, more than 384 feet of be
low wind resistance; T h e d u a lr h o m b o i d c a n !
wind? Even with the reflector e l e m e n t m a t e r i a lw o u l d b e rh
(b) operateover a band- The needfor high antenna
required.lf the 192 reflectors
w i d t h a p p r o a c hni g gain still exists. High gain constructed of 1 inch wire an
were replacedwith a screen
antennas(in excessof 20 dB) mesh? Over 750,000 foot-
p o u n d s of t o r q u e w i l l b e mesh,more than 300 square
are very directionalantennas
generated at the base of the feet would be required.Al-
providing beamwidths
though a substantial imProve-
between 5 and 10 degrees. tower. And that is without w ould be
, BEAM
any additional antennasor m e n t i n b a n d w i d t h
\ 0IRECTION Antennagainsgreaterthan 30
+
mast height. r e a l i z e d , a c o n s iderable
dB producehalf Powerbeam- any additional
T h e d i s h a n t e n n a( e x c l u d i n g increase in wind loading
widths of lessthan 5 degrees
occurS.
and require very accurate satellitework) to be effective
requiresa structureand Plat- T h e d u a l r h o m b o i da n t e n -
form to support it. Construc- n a p r o v i d e sa g a i n o f 2 6 d B
Fig. 1. Duol rhomboid antenno configurotion.

24
 (an effective radiated power r h o m b o i d e l e m e n t sc o n -
i n c r e a soef 4 0 0 t i m e s ) .l t h a s n e c t e d i n p a r a l l e l a t t h e i r
r e l a t i v e l yl o w w i n d r e s i s t a n c e , c o m m o n a p e x w h e r e a
w i d e o p e r a t ig n b a nd w i d t h , b a l a n c e df e e d l i n ec o n n e c t s 6 .
c o n s u m e sl i t t l e m a s t h e i g h t , O n e t e r m i n a t i n g r e s i s t o ri s
i s l i g h t o f w e i g h t ,e a s y a n d r e q u i r e df o r e a c h r h o m b o i d .
i n e x p e n s i vteo c o n s t r u c ta, n d T h e t e r m i n a t i n g r e s i s t o r s
isrotatable. s h o u l db e o f t h e n o n i n d u c t i v e
T h e d u a l r h o m b o i d i s o f v a r i e t ya n d a b l et o w i t h s t a n d
t h e r h o m b i c c l a s s ,b u t w i t h t h e w e a t h e r . E a c h t e r -
i m p r o v e m e n t s .T h e d o u b l e m i n a t i n g r e s i s t o rs h o u l d b e
r h o m b o i da n t e n n a 4c o n f i g u r - c a p a b l ea t l e a s to f d i s s i p a t i n g
ation is shown in Fig. 1. one-fourth of the input
L o n g w i r e a n t e n n a s a l w a y s power to the antenna.Ter-
r a d i a t el a r g en u m b e r so f s i d e m i n a t i o n v a l u e so f b e t w e e n
l o b e st h a t a r ed i s t r i b u t e dp r o 600 and 800 Ohms are
f u s e l y . J u d i c i o u sc h o i c e o f r e c o m m e n d e dF. o r e x a m p l e ,
t h e s i d el e n g t ha n d a p e xa n g l e i f 1 0 W a t t s i s a p p l i e da t t h e
s e l e c t i o no f t h e r h o m b o i d s f e e d p o i n t , e a c h r e s i s t o r
c a n c a u s e d e s t r u c t i v ei n t e r - s h o u l d b e c a p a b l e o f 2 . 5
f e r e n c eo f t h e u n w a n t e da n d W a t t sd i s s i p a t i o n .
w a s t e f u sl i d e l o b e s .T h e d u a l T h e l i s t o f p a r a m e t e rf so r
rhomboid antennadesigned the dual rhomboid antenna
f o r a h i g h o r d e r o f s i d el o b e s h o w n i n T a b l e 1 i s f o r a
s u p p r e s s i oant o n e f r e q u e n c y design frequency of 435
r e t a i n st h i sc h a r a c t e r i s tvi ce r y M H z .
w e l l o v e r a s u b s t a n t i aflr e - T h e s i d el e n g t h sa r e c a l c u -
q u e n c y r a n g e . T h i s i s n o t l a t e d f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n gf o r -
possible with a single muta:
rhombus.
The design principles , , f , 984(N-0.05)
L 'ver,
i n v o l v e da r e t h e s a m ea s f o r Freq. (MHz)
Duql rhomboid antenna instqllation ot IIABQQU, Reynolds-
the "V" antenna and the
burg, Ohio.
r h o m b u sa n t e n n a sT.h e a n g l e s w h e r eN i s t h e n u m b e ro f f u l l
( r e f e r r e d t o a s t i l t a n g l e s ) waves.L1 and L2 for a design T h e a n g l es u b t e n d e b d e t w e e n d i m e n s i o n sf o r c o n s t r u c t i o n
w e r e e x p r e s s l ys e l e c t e df o r f r e q u e n c y o f 4 3 5 M H z a r e t h e d i a g o n a l o f e a c h o f t h e h i g h g a i n d u a l r h o m -
z e r o a n g l e r a d i a t i o n f r o m 9 3 . 5 a n d 1 6 1. 5 i n c h e s , r h o m b o i di s e q u a lt o : boid antenna whose band-
e a c h r h o m b o i d sS . i n c em o s t r e s p e c t i v e l yT.h e 's i d el e n g t h s width is essentiallV 420 to
a n t e n n aosf t h e r h o m b u cs l a s s a r e n e e d e dt o d e t e r m i n et h e F
A - c
---^ 5 8 - 4 6 8 9 0 M H z a r es h o w ni n F i g .4 .
o o er a1 e a s ai n s f p r o u n d b o o m l e n g t h a n d t h e t h r e e z
( h e i g h t so f l e s st h a n o n e t o c r o s s a r m lengths. 6 degrees Construction
t w o w a v e l e n g t h sz) e, r o a n g l e A p e x a n g l e sc . a n d P a r e A metal boom that runs
r a d i a t i o nt i l t a n g l e sa r e n o t d e r i v e d by: A n i s o s c e l e st r i a n g l e i s t h e f u l l l e n g t h o f t h e d u a l
n o r m a l l ys e l e c t e dS. e eF i g s .2 formed at the forwardend of rhomboid is not recom-
a n d3 . *=2(90-Qz) t h e b e a m b y t h e r h o m b o i d s ' m e n d e d .E x c e s s i vsei d el o b e s
T h e l e n g t ho f s i d e sL 1 a n d A= 2 Q o - Q t ) crossoverand the two ter- will be generatedif this con-
L 2 s p e c i f i c a l l yd i f f e r b y a m i n a t o r s . D e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c s t r u c t i o n t e c h n i q u ei s e m -
o n e - h a l f w a v e l e n g t hf a c t o r . and are 46 and 58 degrees,
T h e a r r a yr a d i a t i o np a t t e r ni s r e s p e c t i v e l yT. h e t i l t a n g l e s
the product of the patterns fi and $2 were selectedfor
f o r t h e c o m p o n e nst i d e sa t a l l s i d e l e n g t h so f 3 . 5 a n d 6 . 0
p o i n t si n s p a c e . w a v e l e n g t h sa,s w e l l a s z e r o 6

T h e o n l y c o n n e c t i o n a n g l e sr a d i a t i o n .
51"
b e t w e e nt h e r h o m b o i d si s a t T h e d i m e n s i o nfso r b o o m , 60

t h e c o m m o n f e e d p o i n t sT. h e c r o s s a r m s , a n d c r o s s a r m A N G L E CURVE

a n t e n n a c o n s i s t s o f t w o s p a c i n ga r e s h o w n i n F i g . 4 . TILT
ANGLE
tN 50
DEGREES
(4)
Design Center Frequency 435 MHz
S i d e l e n s t hf Lr = 3.5 X Lr = 6.0).
Tift Angle 6't = 61" a; = 67" 40
Apex Angle c <= 4 6 " 0-=sgo^
BeamWidth* V=5.8o H = 9.7'
Termination R=820Ohms R = 8 2 OO h m s L t2
" Half power level 30
2 3 4 5 6
fft1 =l.S feet,L2= 13.46feet SIDE L IN WAVELENGTHS

Table l. List of parametersfor dual rhomboid. Fig. 2. Zero degree wave angle design chart.
 downspouts, gutters, metal
h o u s e s i d i n g ,o r m e t a l s a s h
w i n d o w s .N e v e rp e r m i t n o n -
s h i e l d e 3d 0 0 O h m l i n et o r u n
a l o n g t h e g r o u n do r a g a i n s t
masonry walls and floors,
e v e ni f i t i s f o a mf i l l e d .

OperationalTests
The antennahasbeenused
e n dt r a n s -
p r i m a r i l yt o r e c e i v a
m i t s t a n d a r ds c a n a m a t e u r
T V s i g n a l sA . secondaru Ys e
h a sb e e nt o r e c e i v eU H F c o m -
m e r c i a l T V c h a n n e l s 14
t h r o u g h8 3 . T h e a n t e n n ah a s
b e e nu s e dt o r e c e i v ceh a n n e l s
2 t h r o u g h1 3 , w i t h l e s sg a i n .
The resultshave been excel-
lent, with the excePtionthat
l o b i n g w a s e x p e r i e n c e do n
t h e h i g h e rU H F T V c h a n n e l s .
The antenna has good front
to back ratio. The antenna
was rotatedto verticalPolari-
zation to verifYthat the angle
of radiation was trulY zero'
T h e a n t e n n ad i d n o t h a v ea
double (split) lobe in the
Dual rhomboid antennoheldwith one hand by WSDMR'sXYL. Total boom length is 20'6". v e r t i c aal x i s .

1/q c a b l e c a n b e m a d e . I n t h e Additionallmprovement
p l o y e d .T h e c e n t e rs e c t i o no f rhomboid antenna. Even
T h e d u a l r h o m b o i dc a nb e
t h e b o o m s h o u l db e m a d eo f i n c h t u b i n g i s r e c o m m e n d e d . c a s eo f c o a x i a lc a b l e ,a b r o a d
m e t a l o r o f m a t e r i a l s u f f i - A l t h o u g h n o t r e c o m m e n d e d , b a n d b a l u ns h o u l db e u s e d .l f e x p a n d e ds u c h t h a t i t c o u l d
c i e n t l y r i g i d t o s u p p o r t t h e a model used #24 AWG n o n s h i e l d e 3 d0 0 O h m l i n e i s be referred to as the quad
nonmetallic crossarmsA . e n a m e l e sdi n g l es t r a n dc o P P e r u s e d , A B S OLUTELY DO rhomboid. This would be
total of about 86 feet of wire w i t h s o m es u c c e s s . N O T T A P E t h e f e e d l i n et o a c c o m p l i s h ebdY a d d i n gt w o
i s r e q u i r e dw i t h e a c h l e g o f T h e t r a n s m i s s i ol i
n n e f r o m a n y m e t a l s t r u c t u r e . T hi s a d d i t i o n a l r h o m b o i d s ,a s i n
the feedpoint to the mast i n c l u d e st h e m e t a ls e c t i o no f F i g .5 . T h e r ew o u l d b e s t i l l a
the rhomboid b e i n g a b o u t
t h e b o o m , t h e mast, the single feedpoint, but two
21/z feet long.The conductor s h o u l d b e f o a m 3 0 0 O h m
I i n e . t o w e r , o t h e r c o a x i a lc a b l e s , a d d i t i o n a tl e r m i n a t o r sw o u l d
s i z es h o u l db e a s l a r g ea s t h e b a l a n c e d n o n s h i e l d e d
a n t e n n af r a m ec a na d e q u a t e l Y O p e n w i r e l i n e o r f o a m l i n e
3/I6'POLYPROPYLENE

s u p p o r t . N u m b e r 1 4 A W G w o r k s w e l l .O n c et h e f e e d l i n e coRD, 2t'

s o l i d c o p p e r ,f o r m v a rc o a t e d reachesthe mast,a changeto

w a s u s e di n t h e a u t h o r ' sd u a l s h i e l d e d3 0 0 l i n e o r c o a x i a l
- l

t'A)
: r

Fig. 4. Dual rhomboid 0ntenna for 435-870 MHz' Beamwidth

h=20T AND MORE - 10" H x 6" V. Gain over DP * 26 dB. Boom length: AB=
= 7"
19'6". Support spacing(seetext): Al = 7'; ll = 5'6";JB
eqo-ro: = 7'3"; EF = 10'3"; GH = 3'0"'
I Support length: CD
Rhomboid sides: AC, AD, EG, FH = 7'9'5"; AE, AF, CH, DG
= 13'5.5". Feedline:see text. Wireneeded: 14 AWG formvar,
Fig. 3. Effect of tilt angle selection. (a) Non-zero angle
x 86'0". Boom material: AI, JB = wood; lJ = metal' Cross
radiotion, rhombic antenna working qgainstground. (b) Zero = 600
angleradiation due to tilt angleselection' Note: IilI angledoes support: CD, EF, GH = wood' Terminotors:Rl , R2
-
Ohms; Wotts see text.
not mean physically tilt the antenna.See Table | '

26
 b e . r e q u i r e d .T h e f e e d p o i n t t e s t s a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l
impedancw e o u l db e l o w e r e d . m o d e l si s g r a t e f u l l ya c k n o w l - TOP VIEW

T h e a d d i t i o n a l r h o m b o i d s edged.r
should have different side \ ; | ///
l e n g t h s ;a s a n e x a m p l e ,L 3 References ? / +
c o u l d b e 2 . 5 w a v e l e n g t hasn d l P a r a b o l i c DIRECTION OF
Antenna Calcurators, 3 RADIATION
L4 could be 7.0 wavelengths. G a b r i e l E l e c t r o n i c s D i v i s i o n ,
T h e q u a d r h o m b o i d w o u l d N e e d h a m H e i g h t sM A , 1 9 5 9 . a.\ 4 DIFFERENT

n o t r e q ui r e a n y a d d i t i o n a l 2 " Y a g i a r r a y l e n g t h v e r s u s g a i n SIDE LENGTHS

mast space,as would be the and bandwidth," VHF Handbook,

casein stackingan additional t1956, page 104.
d u a lr h o m b o i d . "ColI inear-broadside anrenna Fig. 5. Quad rhom boi d ontenna configurot ion.
combinations," VHF Handbook,
19 5 6 , p a g e 1 0 5 . V e l d h ui s . o"VHF
Acknowledgment 4"lmproraed Rhombic Antennas,"
Antennas of the '"Rhombic
a n t e n n a d e s i g n Antenna Engineering Handbook,
T h e c o n t r i b u t i o no f B o b Rhomboid Class," RCA Beview, chart," The ARB L AnEnna N. Jasik, Editor. 1961 , pages4-30
Dervin WASQQU in field 1 9 6 0 , p a g e s 1 1 7 - ' 1 1 9 ,L a p o r t a n d Book , 1956, page 168, 1 78. to 4-33.

Corrections OscorOrbits
Just a note to let Vou know that in h y b r i d - q u a dw i t h a r r o g a n tp r e c i s i o n . 0$ar6 0rbhalInformation o$er t 0rbibl Infomrtion
the June 73 issue,on page176 (,,Cur- Those who are familiar with that orbit oate Time Longitude 0rbit D.t Time l"ongitudo
rent-SaverCounter Display," Fis. 4), (Aug) (GlilTl of Eq. (Augl (GMT) of Eq.
miniaturized rf choke of an antenna Cro$itrg"lV 'W
Cro$ing
there is an error in the circuit. The may well ask. "Why bother?" Because N 21919 1 0 1 5 4 : 1 3 90.9 12394A 0008:53 56.1
outputs of the two 7400 chips should it provides valuable practice and NA 219318TN 2 0054:09 75.9 12407B 0103:10 69.7
NA 21944BTN 3 0149:04 89.7 12 4 1 9A X 0002131 54.5
be bussed before driving the 7447 experiencefor the time when I will N 21956 4 0049:00 74.7 12432A 0056:48 68.1
decoder-driver. The existingschematic finally havean antennawith a decent NA 219698TN 5 0143:56 88.4 12445A 0151:05 81.7
is incorrect in that the outputs of the N 21981 6 0043:52 73.5 12457S 0050:26 66.5
front-to-back ratio and appreciable NA 219948TN 7 0138:48 47.2 12470A 0144:43 80.1
"Latch No. 1" 7400 do not drive the gain, that's why. So don't bother me N 22006 8 0038:44 12.2 1248280 0044104 65.0
decoder. NA 2 2 0 1 98 T N 9 0 1 3 3 : 3 9 86.0 12495A I 0138:21 78.6
w h i l e I a i m m y t w o e l e m e n tm i n i - NA 22031BTN '10
0033:35 7 1 . O 12507 BX 10 0037:41 63.4
Doug MarquardtWB2AWG antenna right down that Zed-El's N 22044 11 0 ' t 2 8 : 3 1 44.7 12520A t1 0131:59 77.0
throat. Who knows, maybe someday NA 22056BTN 12 0f]28:27 69.7 12532B 12 0031:19 61.8
BogotaNJ N 22069 13 0123123 83.5 12545A 13 0125:36 75.4
he'll come back to me and I can NA 22081BTN 14 0023:19 68.5 12577 A 14 OO24:57 60.3
' 220941
The article, "Aim Your Antenna casually give him his correct beam '
15 0 1 1 8 : 1 4 82.2 12570BL 01'19:14 73.8
22\OOL 16 0 0 ' t 8 : 1 0 67.2 12582 BL l6 0018:34 58.7
With a Micro," in the June, 1977, bearingto severaldecimalplaces! ' 2 2 1 1 9t 17 01'13:06 81.0 r 2595BL 17 0112.52 72.3
issueof 73, contains an unfortunate RonaldW. EvansK5MVR N 22131 18 0013:02 12607B 18 OO12:12 57.1
NA 2 2 1 4 4B T N 19 0 1 0 7 : 5 7 79.7 12620A l9 0106:29 7O.7
typographicalerror (of omission)and Fort Worth TX N 22156 20 0007:53 64.7 12632A 20 0005:50 55.5
leavesimplicit that which needsto be NA 2 2 1 6 9B T N 21 O1O2:49 78.5 12645A 21 0100:07 69.1
Please note a correction to my N 22181 22 0002:45 12658 BO 22 0154.24 42.7
madeexplicit for someof us who not NA 221948TN 23 0057:41 7 7 . 2 12670A
'|2683BX 0053:45 67.5
only cannot read "between the lines" article, "Two Meter Scanner" (June, NA 22207BTN 24 0152:36 9 1 . 0 24 0148:02 81.1
1977]': N 22219 25 OO52:32 76.0 12695A OO47:23 66.0
but are havingreal difficulty with the NA 22232BTN 26 0147128 89.7 12708B 0141:40 79.6
linesthemselvesl T h e p o w e r i n p u t d r i v i n gt h e L E D s N 22244 27 OO47:24 74.7 12720A 27 0041:00 64.4
First, the omission. FORTRAN through a 430 Ohm resistor is incor. NA 22257BTN 2E 0142.19 88.5 12733B 0'135:
18 78.0
N 22269 29 0042:15 12745A 29 0034:38 62.8
statement290 correctly containsthe rectly marked "+5 V." This point NA 22282BTN 30 0137:i l 87.3 12758A 30 0128:55 76.4
minus sign (PL1 = -87.63-PtE/180) should be marked"+12 V." as the NA 222948TN 31 0037:07 7 2 . 3 1277A 0X 3l 0028:'16 6l.3
before the longitude. The corre- display will not function correctly
sponding BASIC statement number with a five volt supply. The listeddata tells you the time and placeOSCARcrosses the equatorin an
1 7 0 o m i t s t h i s n e c e s s a rm y i n u ss i g n , C a r lA . K o l l a rK 3 J M L ascendingorbit for the first time eachday. To calculatesuccessive orbits, make
Second, the implicit information NanticokePA a list of the first orbit numberand the next twelveorbits for that dav. List the
which should havebeenquite explicit:
time of the f irst orbit. Eachsuccessive
orbit is I l5 minuteslater (two hoursles
The authors imply in the description I n m y a r t i c l e ," S e n d i n gH l o n t h e
five minutes).The chart givesthe longitudeof the first crossing.Add 2g" for
of the FORTRAN program that the Hooter," in the May, 1977, issueof
each succeedingorbit. When OSCAR is ascendingon the other side of the
programcontainsthe constantswhich @ a few thingswereoverlooked.The world, it will descendover you. To find the equatorialdescendinglongitude,
representthe local latitude and longi- relays, RY1 and RY2, do havesome
subtract 166 degreesfrom the ascendinglongitude.To find the time it oasses
tude. as indeed it does. However, l i m i t a t i o n so n t h e i r c h o i c e . R Y 1 i s
the north pole, add 29 minutesto the time it passes the eouator.you shouldbe
clarity of expressionseemsto dictate driven by a TTL output and should
pull in at 5 voltsand 16 mA maxi- able to hear OSCARwhen it is within 45 degrees of you. The easiestway to do
an explicit sentenceor sentencessuch
this is to take a globe and draw a circle with a radius of 24g0 miles (4000
a st h e f o l l o w i n g : m u m . R Y 2 s h o u l dp u l l i n a t 5 v o l t s
kilometers)from the homeOTH. lf it passes right overhead,you shouldbe able
" lt should be noted that a n d 8 0 m A m a x i m u ma n d a l s oh a v ea
to hear it for about 24 minutestotal. OSCARwill passan imaginaryline drawn
F O R T R A N s t a t e m e n t s2 6 0 a n d contact capableof switching % Amp
from San Franciscoto Norfolk about l2 minutes after passingthe equator.
290 contain the latitude and of inductive load.
Add about a minute for each 200 miles that Vou live north of this line. lf
longitude, respectively,of JamesF. Reid WSLWS OSCAR passes15 degreesfrom you, add another minute; at 30 degrees, three
Chicago,as do the corresponding AshleyOH minutes;at 45 degrees, ten minutes.
B A S I C s t a t e m e n t s1 4 0 a n d 1 7 0 .
For other 'local' locations, I feel that your magazineis the
c h a n g e4 1 . 8 7 a n d - 8 7 . 6 3t o t h e tops. I really enjoyed the article O S C A R 6 : I n p u t 1 4 5 . 8 S 1 4 5 . 9 5M H z ; O u t p u t
p r o p e r l a t i t u d ea n d l o n g i t u d e . " "Superprobe," but found one error. 1 4 5 . 9 G 1 4 6 . 0 0M H z ; O u t p u r 2 9 . 4 0 - 2 9 . 5M
0 Hz.
A couple of sentencessuch as the The pulse LED would stavon all the 29.45-29.55 MHz; Telemetry M o d e B : I n o u t
above would havebeen most helpful, time. Resistor R9 is drawn on the beaconat 29.45 MHz. 432.125-432.'175 MHz: Out-
but then I would havebeen deprived w r o n g p l a c e o n t h e s c h e m a t i c ;i t O S C A R 7 M o d e A : I n p u t p u t 1 4 5 . 9 2 5 - 1 4 5 . 9 7M5H z .
o f a l i t t l e t r o u b l e s h o o t i n ga n d t h e shoufd go from pin 4 of lC2 to
feeling of euphoria which r ex- ground, not from pin 3 of lC2 to
Orbits designated"X" are closedto generaluse."ED" arefor educational
perienced when I finally founo out ground. Rl can be increasedto about
use."BTN" orbits containnewsbulletins."O" orbits havea ten Watt ero limit.
where the "bugs" were. Other than 5-10k to increaseinput impedance. "L" indicateslink orbit. "N" or "S'l indicatesthat Oscar6 is available
only on
the problems above, the articre was Allan Armstrong northbound or southboundpasses. Satellitesare not availableto userson ,,NA,,
e x c e l l e n ta n d n o w I c a n s w i n o m v San FranciscoCA days.An asterisk(*) indicatesA0-78-6 intersatellitelink.

27