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DESIGNING

KNOWLEDGE
ORGANIZATIONS (DKO)
A PATHWAY TO INNOVATION LEADERSHIP
JOSEPH MORABITO, IRA SACK, AND ANILKUMAR BHATE
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., 2018 (AVAILABLE 4TH QUARTER 2017)

DKO UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF DKO

DKO is the first textbook to substantially integrate KM with organization


design using material from a variety of disciplines and fields

We include concepts from liberal arts and culture to extend thinking in


knowledge management

This, in turn, leads to new and innovative thinking on KM and org design

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


KEY BUILDING BLOCKS OF DKO

Extensive discussion of knowledge (as such) not only KM (NOKM)


In depth review of organization, systems, and hierarchy theories and their
relevance to organization design and knowledge organizations
Detailed material on existing approaches to knowledge management and
organization design understanding and implementing Nonakas concepts
Illuminating discussion of explicit-tacit knowledge interaction
Detailed discussion of social practice and its importance in knowledge work

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


EXAMPLE: THE ANCIENTS

In depth review of philosophical roots provided by the ancients the Indian,


Chinese, and Greek conceptualizations of knowledge, and their intermingling
of spiritual, moral, political, social, and scientific dimensions of knowledge that
together constitute true knowledge and wisdom
This leads to the artifact we call the K triangle
The K triangle is the basis for understanding the development and interaction
of theoretical and social K and its importance in the emergence of wisdom

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


THE KNOWLEDGE TRIANGLE
Self: Indian Conception
Socio-spiritual Reformation
Spiritual & Empirical Practice

True
Knowledge
and Wisdom

Social: Chinese Conception Physical: Greek/Western Conception


Moral & Political Mean Logical Exploration & Discovery
Practical & Experiential Practice Observational & Experimental Practice

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


KNOWLEDGE WORK AND TECHNOLOGY

Designing knowledge work


Modular and integral design
Thin and thick layered design (task and organization level)
Detailed discussion of the social continuum how theoretical K and social K arise
and interact to form the basis of a practice as the highest dimension of K work
Re-conceptualizing the relationship between knowledge work and IT (including AI)
Integrated design student example that integrates job requirements, task analysis,
knowledge, modular and integral artifacts, and supporting IT systems

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


Work Characteristic Thin Work Thick Work
THIN K-Orientation Process Practice with embedded process

& K principle Theoretical K pure reason Practical K practical reason

THICK Systems analysis perspective Simple; separate analysis of levels is


possible
Complex; simultaneous analysis of several
levels & perspectives is necessary
WORK Information continuum Towards data pole Towards knowledge pole

FEATURES Structural design Emphasis on asymmetrical


structures & hierarchies
Emphasis on symmetrical structures &
interconnection of communities
Design approach Engineering-like; task, modular, rule- Anthropological-like; observational, integral,
based, and procedural social, and practice oriented
Knowledge construction Early K-binding; templates Late K-binding

Knowledge exchange Precise and transactional Relational & psychological

Knowledge dimension Primarily explicit Primarily tacit, but also explicit

Organizational manifestation Process, workflows; high Practice & expertise; judgment, experience,
formalization; templates w/ activity, & unstructured decision making
decision making
Semantic understanding External to the worker Embodied in fields of meaning

Operational & management Routinization; reduce human Encourage and design problem-solving;
perspective intervention; reduce uncertainty experimentation; build understanding
Image Formulated organization Self organization; cultural & K practice

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


THREE DIMENSIONS OF TACIT KNOWLEDGE

Practice Dimension
Socio-cultural, Embedded in Group
Forms of Life Approach

Tacit
Knowledge

Technical Dimension Cognitive Dimension


Motor-skills Rules Regress & Mental Models

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


KEY ORGANIZATION CONTRIBUTIONS IN KM

Extensive discussion of Intellectual capital, including student models of their organizations


Introduce thin (explicit) and thick (tacit) ethnographic design framework for all org levels
Archetype design process for K organizations
Development of K-spaces specific design artifacts that represent extensions of ba
Integrated knowledge cycle with key activities
The architecture of org learning and its relationship to KM
Peace Corps case study based on our published research

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


THIN & THICK GROUP & ORGANIZATION PERSPECTIVE
THIN Culture & Social Networking
Organizational Enablers and Barriers (to overcome)
& Strategy
THICK PRACTICE PERSPECTIVE of a PROCESS
THICK Integral Architecture; Symmetrical Interaction & Social Networking
Task Enablers
LAYERED THIN PROCESS PERSPECTIVE
DESIGN Process Map
Task names and their interrelationships and dependencies
Business rule driven
Modular Architecture

Administrative Knowledge
Task Task

THIN TASK PERSPECTIVE THICK TASK PERSPECTIVE


Process Perspective Practice Perspective
Rigorous task specification Task framing
Engineering analysis & design Anthropological-like analysis
Invariants, pre-conditions, post-conditions, triggers Context design
Professional reference

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


SOCIAL ASPECTS OF KM

Social networking and weak and strong ties


Design of K networks
Detailed discussion of culture, trust, and change strategies
Collaboration innovation, culture, structures & databases, and tools & systems
Collaboration and collaboratories taxonomies
Promoting dialogue and conversations
Collaboration and design for creative K workers as well as problem solvers
Office space design

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


Mi#ga#ng Factors and Goals
Social order
Economic benets
SOCIAL
Ideology & poli)cal considera)ons
Family life
CONTINUUM
Spirituality, love, gra)tude BASIS OF
Religious dogma & obliga)ons PRACTICE
T Jus)ce, necessity & legal concerns T
Charitable considera)ons J = JUSTIFIED
Happiness T= TRUE
J B J B B = BELIEF
Duty & moral vision
Compassion, mercy, forgiveness
Care & healing
Theore)cal Emo)on, desire, ambi)on
Prac)cal
Knowledge Aesthe)c apprecia)on Knowledge
Acceptable outcomes & compromise
Social rela)onships & considera)on
Higher living & enlightenment
Societal evolu)on
Consciousness

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


K WORK
Theoretical-Practical K
& interaction AND
Social group & culture
Practice Group
PRACTICE
CORE K
MOLECULE
Skills Technology,
discourse & culture
Mental Group Organization
models consensus

Tacit K Situation

State of Behavior
Being
Fields of Meaning
Semantic Space

Environment

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


STRATEGY AND LEADERSHIP IN KM

Introduce the strategy continuum as a range of org strategies based on comparative


tacit and explicit K content
Introduce the tacit bundle as a set of K strategies that focus on social K or tacit-
explicit interactions
Introduce the chief knowledge office as a leadership and governance structure to
manage and integrate an organizations knowledge
Designing an orgs people value stream, including hiring, motivating, and retaining K
workers
Developing a new approach to performance management for K workers

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


Org Positioning Configuration
Strategy
Schools Planning Design Entrepreneurial

Rational, Environmental Culture Power Learning Cognitive Intuitive,


Explicit, Tacit,
Thin K Repositories K Process Departmentalization Collaboration Thick
Design
Business Intelligence Office Design Promoting Education
STRATEGY Social & Dialogue
Culture: Change,
CONTINUUM Cognitive Systems Professional
Networking Assumptions & Promoting
Data Analytics Artifacts Trust
Customer Analytics Training Learning K Work
Process Analytics Architecture Design
Web Analytics Chief K
Knowledge Social Network Analytics Office K Sharing
Fraud Detection
Strategies &
People Value Stream Development
Outcomes K Capture & Codification

Organization K-base Intellectual Capital Model Tacit Bundle


Ennobling Goals
Supporting KM Constructs: KM models, SECI, K-binding, Relational contracting, Ba and K-spaces, etc.

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


PEDAGOGY CONTENT RELATED

Numerous, rich set of figures that illustrate key concepts, relationships, and features
Numerous and rich questions (including projects) that inspire both reflection and
application to students own organizations
Sample student work that illustrate key concepts
Range of questions, some of which provide initial student ideas about aspects of
knowledge and organizations, whereas others will be suitable for critical examination of
students own background and experience, and still others that are suitable for theses and
dissertations
Contains the authors published research and new research developed for this text

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


PEDAGOGY STRUCTURAL

Before chapter food for thought questions that orient students to the topic at hand
End of chapter discussions that draw out implications and likely developments of each
chapter
End-of-text questions more food for thought questions and topics for reflection and
discussion
Numbered and titled sections and subsections and subsubsections as well as an index
which provide helpful references as to coverage and relationships of text content
Extensive index with cross-references

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


MULTIDIMENSIONAL DESIGN USING CONTINUUMS
Thin-thick continuum ethnographic artifacts that function at the meta-level of design
Information continuum the interaction of data, information, and knowledge
K spaces design contexts, from the micro (psychological) to the macro (global)
Social continuum the interaction of theoretical and practical (social) K and development of practice
Strategy continuum a range of strategies, based on the orgs strategic approach and the comparative
tacit K and explicit K content of the strategy
Office space continuum range of office configurations based on the type of knowledge generated
Contract continuum range of agreements covering expectations and the exchange of knowledge
Knowledge continuum based on Nonaka and our own research, from personal K to objective K
Creative continuum a range of design possibilities for creative workers

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


KNOWLEDGE SPACES
Integration space:
Social & Culture
Integration space:
Global Strategy & Philosophy

National Integration space:


Office space

Inter-Org
Ontological Integration space:
Levels Desk-top
Organization

Group
Integration space:
Individual Practice

Psychological Practice Relational Technology Strategy Social Culture


Epistemological K-Spaces

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


KNOWLEDGE HORIZONS

Opportunities to promote knowledge


Evolution of knowledge and the knowledge organization
Digital economy
Three triangles of knowledge integrating the tacit, practice, and culture
triangles

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017


THREE TRIANGLES Socio-spiritual

OF
KNOWLEDGE Social
Structure
TACIT
PRACTICE Social
CULTURE Embedding

Technical Cognitive

Theoretical K Practical K

Moral Exploration
Political Mean Discovery

Copyright Morabito, Sack, and Bhate 2017

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