Graduate Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology

College of Engineering
Chinese Culture University
Master Thesis

Uniformirt of Fiber Arrangement on Electrospinning

Cheng, Feng-Wei

Advisor: Professor Hsing, Wen-Hao

99 12

June, 2010

Polyacrylonitrile

1cm3cm5cm 15

30 1 2

2 90

45 0.050.100.200.300.40

m NaCl

1~2

45 90

29.16% 27.28%

40.1mmH2O 26.6mmH2O

Abstract
In the study, we used polyacrylonitrile to produced uniaxially aligned
polymer nano-fibers by performing electrospinning method which makes
use of a collector consisting of two pieces of electrically conductive
substrates separated. In our investigation, we used two kinds of
electrospinning laboratory mechanism to spinning our fibers. We used SEM
to observe the fiber arrangement for this two condition such that : (1) the

distance of deposition electrode was controlled at 1cm3cm5cm. (2) the

deposition time was maintain in 15min30min1hour2hours. We produced

the uniaxially aligned double layer nano-fibers, which exhibited two array
angles, 45.0 and 90.0 degree, by performing the vertical type
electrospinning system in 2 hours and two pieces of electrically conductive
substrates separated by 3cm. We investigated the filter efficiency of
nano-fiber by using NaCl particles 5 different diameters at different array
angle. In our study, the array angle distribution of the nano-filbers which
made from vertical type electrospinning system is smaller than that from
horizontal type electrospinning system. But the fiber orientation will be
changed in time scale. After 1 to 2 hours, the Fiber orientation angle will
reduce to a constant value. Moreover, the penetrating particle size of 45
degree and 90 degree uniaxially aligned nano-fibers are 29.16% and 27.18%,
but the values of pressure drop are 40.1mmH2O and 26.6mmH2O separately.

Keywords: Nanofiber, Electrospinning, Uniaxially aligned.

II


ES

III


............................................................................................. I

Abstract ............................................................................................. II

...................................................................................................III

.................................................................................................. IV

.............................................................................................. VI

1 ....................................................................................1

1-1 .................................................................................1

1-2 .........................................................................7

1-3 ....................................................................... 11

2 ..................................................................................12

2-1 .......................................................12

2-2 .......................................................................16

3 ..................................................................................23

3-1 ...................................................................23

3-2 .......................................................................23

3-3 .......................................................................24

3-3-1 ...........................24

3-4 ...........................................................25

IV


3-4-1 ................................................................25

3-4-2 ........................................................26

3-5 ...........................................................32

3-5-1 ........................................................32

3-5-2 ........................................................33

3-5-3 ........................................................34

3-5-4 ................................................................35

3-5-5 ............................................................36

3-6 .......................................................................38

4 ......................................................................39

4-1 ...............................................................39

4-2 .......................................................................43

4-2-1 ...........43

4-2-2 SEM .................................48

4-2-3 ...............................................49

4-3 ...............................................57

5 ..................................................................................61

...........................................................................................63

1-1 ....................................................................6

1-2 (A)(Dripping

mode) (B)(Pulsating mode)(C)(Cone-jet mode)

(D)(Multi-jet mode) ................................................................6

2-1 ..................................................................14

2-2 [17] ...........................................................15

2-3 ..................................................................15

2-4 (2009 American Filtration & Separations

Society) .....................................................................................................21
2-5 (2009 American Filtration &
Separations Society) ................................................................................21
2-6 ..............................22

3-1 ..............................................................28

3-2 ..................................................................28

3-3 (A)(90
(B) 4

(90)(C) 4 (90) ..................................................30

3-4 .................................................................31

4-1 ......................40

VI


4-2

..........................................................................41

4-3 .........................................................42

4-4 10wt%PAN 6kV 3cm

...................................................................................................................44
4-5 10wt%PAN 8kV 3cm
...................................................................................................................45
4-6 10wt%PAN 11kV 3cm
...................................................................................................................45
4-7 10wt%PAN 3cm 6cm

...................................................................................................46

4-8 10wt%PAN 3cm 11cm

...............................................................................................46

4-9 10wt%PAN 3cm 16cm

...............................................................................................47

4-10 A 1cmB 3cmC

5cm 2 SEM ...........................................52

4-11 A 1cmB 3cmC

5cm 2 SEM ...........................................53

4-12 15min30min1hours2hours

VII


..........................................................................54

4-13 3cm 15

000................................................................................................55

4-14 3cm 15 ..55

4-15 3cm 1

...........................................................................................................56

4-16 1cm 30

.......................................................................................................56

4-17 3cm

200 ......................................................................................57

4-18 0.05m0.1m0.2m0.3m

0.4m ...............................................................................59

4-19 NaCl .........59

4-20 (90) 4 (45)

.......................................................................................................60

VIII


1-1

There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom

"bottom up"

(Drawing)

(Template Synthesis)(Phase Separation)

(Self-assembly)(Electrospinning)

1934

[1]:

1.

1-1

2.

[2]

[3][4]

1-1

(dripping mode)

(pulsating mode)(cone-jet mode)(multi-jet

mode)[5]

1-2 :

1. (Dripping mode)

2. (Pulsating mode)

3. (Cone-Jet mode)

(Taylor cone)

4. (Multi-jet mode)

1-1

1-2 (A)

(Dripping mode) (B)(Pulsating mode)(C)

(Cone-jet mode)(D)(Multi-jet mode)

1-2

2000

[6]
William Gilbert
16
(Electrospray)

[7]
Rayleigh
1882

[8]
J.F Cooley W.J. Morton
1902

[9]
John Zeleny
1914

[9]
Anton Formhals
1934

[10]
1964 G. I. Taylor

[11]
A. Theron,
2001

[12]
J. A. Matthews

2002

[13]
Z.M. Huang

2003

[14]
D. Li, Y. Wang,

2003

[15]
P. Katta
2004

Huang [13]

Matthews [12]

Zussman

Inai [18]

Li

[14]

SEM

PVDFPVP/TiO2PVP PAN

PAN

10


1-3

Z.M. Huang [13]

D. Li,

11


2-1

Electrospray[17]

2-1

(Jet)

[5]

12


2-2

(Whipping)

(Plateau-Rayleigh instability)

13


2-1

14


2-2 !

2-3

15


2-2

Air Filtration

Aerosol

Sieving

Single-Fiber Efficiency

ETotal single fiber efficiency

EDDiffusion

EIDInterception

EIInertial Impaction

16


EGGravitational Sedimentation

EpDielectrophoretic force

ECColumbic force

EIMImage force

2-4

Direct Interception

Inertial Impaction

stoke

number

17


Gravitational Sedimentation

10cm/s

Diffusion

Electrostatic effects

2-5

18


(Total Mecanical)

Collection

Efficiency, EAerosol Penetration, P

E:

Em:

N:

C:

19


Kristine Graham

[21] 0.5m (Slip Flow

Effect) 2-6

(Most Penetrating Particle Size,MPPS)

0.05m~0.6m

MPPS

20


2-4 (2009 American Filtration & Separations

Society)

2-5 (2009 American Filtration & Separations

Society)

21


2-6

22


3-1
1. Polyacrylonitrile

2. N,N-Dimethylacetamide, 99.5%,

HPLC , Tedia

3. 40g/m2, KS )

3-2
1. ( 30KV,GAMMA )

2. KDS10110l~60mlKDS

3. 20 0.60mm 0.90mm

0.15mm

4.

5. SEM(JSM- 6510, JEOL )

6.

7. (TSI 3160,TSI )

8. (Capillary Flow Porometer ,CFP-1200AE,PMI

9. (10mLTOP)

23


10. (QL-1000,Mettle)

11. ImageJ FijiGPL

3-3

3-3-1

1. DMAc

2. PAN DMAc 10wt%

3. 40 24

24


3-4

3-4-1

3-1 3-2

1. 1.5cm 12cm

1cm3cm5cm

2.

3.

4.

6cm11cm16cm

5.

0.05ml/min

25


6. 15min30min1hr2hr

3-4-2

1. 40g/m2 PET 15cm 6cm

2.

3.

4.

11cm

5.

0.05mL/min

6. 2hr

7. 4 7 3.5cm

8. 60 90

26


3-3A

9. 90

3-3(B 3

10. 45

3-3(C 3

27


3-1

3-2

28


29


3-3 (A)(90

(B) 4 (90)(C) 4 (90)

30


3-4

31


3-5

3-5-1

(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)

elastic scatteringinelastic scattering

Electromagnetic Radiation

SEM (detector)

(secondary electron imageSEI)

32


3-5-2

Fiji

ImageJ ImageJ NIHNational Institutes of

Health, Java

Java

Fiji ImageJ

ImageJ

Fiji ImageJ

Fast

Fourier TransformFFT

SEM Fiji Directionality

33


3-5-3

High Speed Camera

10FPS

600FPSFps

FPS

Streampix 3 600pix*240pix

283.44fps seq

30fps avi VirtualDub

34


Fiji

3-5-4

3cm 2

90

TSI 3160

35


3.14

0.05m0.1m0.2m0.3m0.4m NaCl

10.5 L/min

90 45

45 90

3-3

3-5-5

ASTM F 316-86 PMI (Capillary

Flow Porometer , 1200 AE ) 90

45 1

Porewick

36


d = C /p
d(um)

(dyne / cm)

p(psi)

C = 0.415 psi

Q = (%)

l =

h =

D =

Q =(%)

d =(m)

QL=

37


3-6

38


4-1

4-2

4-1

39


4-1

40


4-2

41


4-3

42


4-2

4-2-1

0.05ml/min

11cm 3cm 6kV8kV11kV

4-4 4-5 4-6 6kV

4-4

11kV

0.05ml/min 8kV

3cm 6cm11cm16cm

6cm

16cm

43


4-4 10wt%PAN 6kV 3cm

44


4-5 10wt%PAN 8kV 3cm

4-6 10wt%PAN 11kV 3cm

45


4-7 10wt%PAN 3cm 6cm

4-8 10wt%PAN 3cm 11cm

46


4-9 10wt%PAN 3cm 16cm

47


4-2-2 SEM

1cm3cm5cm

4-10 4-11 SEM

PAN 280~310nm

4-12

3cm

1cm 5cm 3cm 1cm

5cm

48


3cm

5cm 3cm

4-2

1cm

3cm

4-2-3

4-11

1cm 3cm

1cm

3cm 5cm

49


2 8.5

SEM

5.75

8.39

4-13 4-16 4-13

4-14 3 15

50


4-15

4-16 4-15

4-17

51


4-10 A 1cmB

3cmC 5cm 2 SEM

52


4-11 A 1cmB

3cmC 5cm 2 SEM

53


4-12 15min30min1hours2hours

54


4-13 3cm 15

4-14 3cm 15

55


4-15 3cm 1

4-16 1cm 30

56


4-17 3cm

200

4-3

4-18

90 4 90

45

0.10m

(MPPS)

(90) 0.10m

15.05% 16.15

11.33% 10.66mmH2O

57


(90) 10

4 90 0.10m 27.28%

26.56mmH2O 45 29.16%

40.138mmH2O

20

0.10m

45 90 45 90

90 19~29m 45

7~13m

0.6m 45 90

58


4-18 0.05m0.1m0.2

m0.3m0.4m

4-19 NaCl

59


4-20 (90) 4 (45)

60


1. 10%wt PAN

11cm 89kV

2.

3.153.77

3.

12

0.260.56

4. 90

11.33%

61


4 45 29.16%

4 90 27.28% 45

90 45

40.1mmH2O 90 26.6mmH2O

45

45 1929m

713m 45

0.4m

62


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63


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64


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[17]

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65