for the line that is delivering the power to No doubt, the No doubt, the country is facing energy crisis for the purely resistive load equal to its surge country is many years together and the people are impedance. = /( )(mega virtually fed up with persistent electricity load- watts) = KV2/Zo || For high voltage facing energy shedding in the rural as well as urban areas. But overhead lines, the value of SIL ranges in crisis for many at the same time it is quite commendable and between 200 to 400 . years together appreciable indeed that the Federal Government is determinedly working to and surge impedance is the apparent the people are overcome energy crisis at the earliest possible impedance of an infinitely long line, that virtually fed up is, the ratio of voltage to current at any by pursuing mix energy policy and launching of with point along it. A line of finite length persistent number of hydel, thermal, coal and other sources for generation of electricity to bridge terminated at one end by an impedance electricity the gap in supply and demand. Zo is electrically indistinguishable from an load-shedding infinite line. || The line is said to have a It is good to note that thousands of megawatt in flat voltage profile. While V and I are in the rural as of power will be added to the national grid well phase with each other all along the line. as urban areas. hopefully with timely completion of different But both are rotated in phase. at the same energy projects by end of 2017 and during 2018 and accordingly load-shedding of electricity will time it is quite be reduced considerably. Besides Neelum- commendable and appreciable Pakistan continues to face an average indeed that the Jhelum hydropower project and Bhasha Diamir Federal power Government is determinedly working to shortage of 4,000 megawatts in the sector owing to a substantial Dam project among others which come to the mind of this scribe immediately, the federal overcome energy disconnect crisis between at the installed power earliest possible by capacity and actual generation. || Due to government has now also initiated work on pursuingenergy mix energy shortage, policy industrialand andlaunching of number commercial entities have installed back- Dasu hydropower project which is located on of hydel, up diesel generators, while households other thermal, coal and sources for river Indus in district Kohistan of Khyber use battery-powered Uninterrupted Pukhtoonkhwah (KPK) province. generationPowerof electricity Supply (UPS) apparatus,to often bridge at the gap in supply significantly higher costs.||Small and medium-sized industrial and and demand. It is goodcommercial to noteenterprises that thousands and householdsof megawatt of power which cannot afford these high-cost will be alternatives added have to frequently the national been at the grid hopefully with rough end of the stick.||Despite timely completion hydropower beingof the different cheapest sourceenergy of projects by end of 2017 and during 2018 and accordingly electricity load-shedding of electricity for Pakistan, the prohibitively high capital costs to supplement the will be reduced considerably. Besides Neelum-Jhelum hydropower project and Bhasha Diamir Dam existing hydro resources has distorted the hydro-thermal ratio in the power project among others which come to the mind generation of mix thisandscribe resulted immediately, in a the federal significant increase in energy government has now also initiated work on cost.||Pakistan Dasu hydropower has also beenproject looking which is located on forward to electricity imports from river Indus in district Kohistan of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwah (KPK) central Asia to mitigate pressing power province. shortages.
Compensation biasing: If the load reactive power
can vary From leading to lagging, then what is A reactive compensator with a voltage- required is a compensator whose regulated V - Q regulating control system cannot maintain characteristic extends into both quadrants. \\The unity power factor all the time, but can be inductive compensator characteristic can be biased biased so that unity average powerfactor is in this way by means of a fixed shunt capacitor. || obtained. || The power factor regulation In the same way, the capacitive compensator can improves the voltage regulation enormously be biased into the lagging quadrant by a fixed as compared with the uncompensated shunt inductor. system. The compensator is usually designed to meet the reactive power requirement of If the shunt capacitor is sufficiently large, then the the load rather than as an ideal voltage inductive compensator can be biased so that its regulator. || The objective of any characteristic is wholly in the leading quadrant. compensation scheme in control planning When combined with a shunt capacitor, the algorithm will answer the following three inductive compensator becomes capable of questions: keeping both constant voltage and unity average power-factor of an inductive load. What type of control device is needed, Where to implement the enhancement, and How much is the control device needed.