Huong dan su dung chuong trinh PILING

PGS.TS. Nguyen viet Trung

0913 555 194

Ph lc A2 Cc
Ti liu minh ho v chng trnh my tnh phn tch h
thng cc xy dng

Mc lc

A.2.1. Cc xc lp chng trnh:

A.2.1.1. Tiu chng trnh
A.2.1.2. M danh ca chng trnh
A.2.1.3. Tc gi v t chc tr gip chng trnh.
A.2.1.4. Phin bn hin ti v phin bn cp nht gn y
nht.
A.2.1.5. Ngy thng son ti liu
A.2.1.6. Ngn ng ngun
A.2.1.7. Nguyn l l thuyt
A.2.1.8. T kho.
A.2.2. Ti liu v h thng.
A.2.2.1. My tnh
A.2.2.2. Thit b ngoi vi
A.2.2.3. Ngun lu tr chng trnh gc
A.2.2.4. Ngun lit k chng trnh
A.2.2.5. Kt cu cc file
A.2.2.6. Kt cu file ngun
A.2.2.7. Lch s chng trnh
A.2.3. Ti liu ngi dng
A.2.3.1. Khi qut
A.2.3.2. Trc to tng th
A.2.3.3. Trc to a phng
A.2.3.4. Tm lc
A.2.3.5. Cc yu cu v d liu
A.2.3.5.1. Tiu
A.2.3.5.2. Thng s bi ton
A.2.3.5.3. Cc d liu thuc tnh
A.2.3.5.4.
A.2.3.5.5. D liu v t nn
a. Truy nhp d liu
b. c lng modul n hi E
c. c lng cc nhn t p lc gii hn ca t
d. Tnh ton p lc gii hn ca t
A.2.3.5.6. S liu v cc
A.2.3.5.7. D liu v ti trng
A.2.3.6. Th tc ngi dng
 A.2.3.7. Cc thng bo li
A.2.3.8. V d
A.2.3.8.1. S ca v d
A.2.3.8.2. D liu chng trnh
A.2.3.8.3. Truy xut chung trnh
A.2.4. Ti liu k thut
A.2.4.1. Tng qut
A.2.4.2. H thng trc to tng th v a phng
A.2.4.2.1. Cc thng ng
A.2.4.2.2. Quay quanh trc t
A.2.4.2.3. Quay quanh trc r
A.2.4.2.4. Quay trc ln cui quanh trc t
A.2.4.3. Quay v tnh tin
A.2.4.3.1. Quay
A.2.4.3.2. Tnh tin
A.2.4.3.3. Kt hp quay v tnh tin
A.2.4.4. Ma trn cng thnh phn
A.2.4.4.1. Tng qut
A.2.4.4.2. Ngm mi cc, ngm u cc
A.2.4.4.3. Ngm mi cc, cht u cc
A.2.4.4.4. Cht mi cc, ngm u cc
A.2.4.4.5. Nn n hi
A.2.4.4.6. Nn n hi khi c nh u cc
A.2.4.4.7. Nn n hi khi cht u cc
A.2.4.5. Ma trn cng dng khung
A.2.5. Ti liu tham kho.
 A.2.1. Cc xc lp chng trnh
A.2.1.1. Tiu chng trnh
Phn tch cc h thng cc xy dng

A.2.1.2. M danh ca chng trnh

PILING

A.2.1.3. Tc gi v t chc tr gip cho chng trnh

Cng ti trch nhim hu hn k thut Snowy Mountains

A.2.1.4. Phin bn hin hnh v phin bn cp nht gn y

nht
Phin bn MS-DOS, Jakarta, Indonesia, thng 6 nm 1990

A.2.1.5. Ngy thng son ti liu

1 thng 7 nm 1992

A.2.1.6. Ngn ng ngun

Phin bn 4.10 ca Microsoft FORTRAN

A.2.1.7. Nguyn l l thuyt

Chng trnh ny, mang tnh c lp vi cc n v, s cung cp
mt cch phn tch mm do v mt nhm cc ba chiu trong
cc cc c coi nh mt thnh phn thng ng n hi v c kt
ni vi nhau bng mt b cng (m cc hay thn tr). u cc c
th c ngm hoc cht vo trong b cng, trong khi mi cc c
th c ngm hoc cht vo trong . Phn lc ca t nn xung
quanh c th c xt n bng cch a vo c tr ca modul n
hi ca t cc su khc nhau. Chng trnh s xut ra
chuyn v tng th ti gc , ni lc mi cc v vng, cng
nh chuyn v im theo ti trng. Cc gi tr ca momen v lc
ct dc theo cc c xt cng c th c hin th ra.

A.2.1.8. T kho
PILES, BRIDGES
 A.2.2. Cc ti liu h thng

A.2.2.1. My tnh
Bt c mt my tnh c nhn 8086, 80286, 80386 hay 80486 s
dng h iu hnh MS-DOS vi ti thiu 640 kbytes RAM.

A.2.2.2. Thit b ngoi vi

Nht thit phi c my in xut d liu in v c cng

A.2.2.3. V tr chng trnh ngun

Chng trnh c lu gi trong a mm theo tn cc file ngun l
PILING.FOR, PILINGA.FOR, PILINGB.FOR v PILINGC.FOR

A.2.2.4. Ni lit k chng trnh

i km vi ngi cung cp.

A.2.2.5. Kt cu file
Chng trnh khng to ra bt k mt file tm thi no trong qu
trnh thc hin

A.2.2.6. Kt cu cc file ngun

Kt cu cc file ngun ca chng trnh c phc ra nh sau:
File Th tc con v hm
PILiNG.FOR Dmatin, Gmprd, Rotran, Memk, Soil
PILINGA.FOR Factor
PILINGB.FOR Prop, Piled, Rake, Analys, Numsym
PILINGC.FOR Welcome, Header, Clscrn, Error, Posn5, Altest,
Rtime

A.2.2.7. Lch s chng trnh

Thng 1/79 Phin bn 1, phin bn chnh HP3000
Thng 1/85 Phin bn 1, c chuyn sang dng vi my tnh c
nhn h CP/M
Thng 5/85 Phin bn 2, cc h iu hnh MS-DOS hp nht trc
tip chng trnh FACTOR nguyn bn vi chng trnh
PILE
Thng 6/92 Phin bn MS-DOS - c sa i bi H thng qun l
cu, Jakarta, Indonesia. Tn chng trnh chuyn t PILE
thnh PILING
 A.2.3. Ti liu ngi dng

A.2.3.1. Tng qut

D liu c vit trn nh dng t do v c cung cp trm mt
file c 72 k t trn mt dng. nh dng t do cho php cc mc
d liu c phn chia bi cc du phy (,) hoc hay dng hn c l
bi mt hay nhiu du cch trng.

A.2.3.2. Trc to tng th

Ngi ta chp nhn mt h trc tay tri vi trc Z thng ng t
trn xung v chiu quay dng theo chiu kim ng h nu nhn
theo hng ca cc trc thnh phn.

Hnh A.2.1 H trc to tng th

A.2.3.3. Trc to a phng

Cc trc to a phng c gi tn l r, s v t vi mt cc
ng khng quay c th r, s v t s song song vi ln lt X, Y v Z.
Y
Pile cap
sv

rv

tv X

Pile

Hnh A.2.2 H to a phng

Trc ca cc tng ng vi trc a phng t. hng ti bt c mt h-
ng no nh mong mun, u tin phi quay quanh trc t mt gc 0
(c cho di hnh di y), theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h.
Y
s

degrees

Hnh A.2.3 Trc ca cc

Sau quay quanh trc a phng t thnh lp
Y

H
a tan-1
V
t

Hnh A.2.4 -
Cui cng quay quanh trc t thit lp gc xon ca cc. Ni
chung, gc ny s bng 0.
Y

twist angle

Z
 Hnh A.2.5 Gc xon ca cc

A.2.3.4. Tm lc

Dng tiu Phi c

Cc thng s bi ton Phi c
PROPERTIES Phi c
-
-
-
RAKES Phi c
-
-
-
SOIL PROPERTIES Tu
-
-
-
PILES Phi c
-
-
-
CONTINUE Phi c
-
-
-
CONTiNUE Phi c
-
-
-
CONTINUE Tu
-
-
-
END Tu

Chng trnh chp nhn cc nhm d liu c cung cp trong dy

trn. Mi mt cu lnh CONTINUE nh du khi u mt trng
hp ti. Cc trng hp ti c th tip din n v hn. Cc nhm d
liu c u tin thc hin trc bng cc ch nh ta hot ng
nh cc du phn tch.

A.2.3.5. Cc yu cu v d liu

A.2.3.5.1. Tiu
D liu bt u vi ti a 10 dng tiu , mi dng c ngt
bi mt du ngoc (). Mi dng khng c vt qu 72 k t v
khng c bt u vi mt k t s, mt du m hay mt du
chm thp phn. Mt trong nhng dng tiu nn nu ra n v
s c s dng.

A.2.3.5.2. Thng s bi ton

Trn mt dng n, chng trnh cn khai bo 4 mc d liu:

NP NP1 NP2 NP3

NP : (No. of Pile) S cc
NP1 : Nhp vo 1 ngn cn xut liu ni lc ca cc,
nu khng nhp 0
NP2 : Nhp vo 1 ngn cn xut liu vng u cc ,
nu khng g 0
NP3 : Nhp vo 1 ngn cn xut liu chuyn v im
t ti, nu khng
nhp 0

A.2.3.5.3. Cc d liu thuc tnh

Cc d liu thuc tnh c u tin thc hin trong du phn tch
PROPERTIES. Chng trnh cn khai bo 9 mc d liu, mi mc
trn mt dng:
NS Ir-r Is-s J A Br Bs Ep

NS : S mt ct (t nht phi bng 1 v ti a l 10)

Ir-r : Momen qun tnh i vi trc r-r
Is-s : Momen qun tnh i vi trc s-s
J : Hng s xon ca mt ct cc
A : Din tch mt ct ngang
Br : B rng ca cc theo hng song song vi trc r-r
Bs : B rng ca cc theo hng song song vi trc s-s
Ep : Mdun n hi ca vt liu lm cc
: H s Poisson ca vt liu

A.2.3.5.4. D liu v xin

D liu v xin c u tin thc hin trong du phn tch
RAKES. Chng trnh cn 2 hay 3 mc d liu tu vo cc l
thng ng hay xin.

i vi cc thng ng
NR VERTICAL

NR : S lng cc xin

i vi cc xin
NR H V
NR : S lng cc xin
H, V : Cc khong cch theo phng ngang v phng ng
xc nh
xin (u dng)

A.2.3.5.5. D liu v t nn
a. Truy nhp d liu

D liu v t nn c u tin thc hin trong du phn tch SOIL

PROPERTIES (hoc n gin l SOIL)
Vi mi tnh cht ca t nn, mt khi d liu s xut hin:
,...., NC Zs
Z1 E1 CLAY Cu1 s1 OR Z1 E1 SAND s1 s1
Z2 E2 CLAY Cu2 s2 OR Z2 E2 SAND s2 s2
Z3 E3 CLAY Cu3 s3 OR Z3 E3 SAND s3 s3
NC : S lng tnh cht ca t nn (Ti a l 10)
Zs : To theo trc Z mt thong ca t (trc to
tng th)
Z1, Z2, ... : To theo trc Z (trc to tng th) (Ti a l
20)
E1, E2, ... : Mdun n hi su Z1, Z2 (Ti a l 20)
Cu1, Cu2, ... : Cng chu ct khng tho kh ca st
(lc/m2)
s1, s2, ... : Gc ma st trong ca ct
(0)
s1, s1, ... : Trng lng th tch ca t (lc/m2)

V d nh modun n hi E1 s tng ng vi su cho bi to

Z1. Gi tr Z2, Z3 v.v... c cho trong mt dy cc gi tr tng dn, v
cha ton b cc gi tr to Z ca nh v y bt c cc no
c lin quan n NC
Gi tr ca modun n hi E c ni suy tuyn tnh gia su
Z1 v Z2, Z2 v Z3 v.v...
Cu, s v s l nhng hng s i vi cc lp t t Z 1 n Z2, Z2
n Z3 v.v...
Ch CLAY m ch n t dnh trong khi SAND m ch t
khng dnh.

b. c lng modun n hi Ep
i. Tng quan:

Vic phn tch thuc tnh ca cc s dng cch tip cn thng

qua phn lc ca t di chn cc i hi mt kin thc nht
nh v cc gi tr ca ks (v do c Es) dc theo cc (Tham
kho 1, trang 166-175)
Gi thit thng dng nht l
i vi t dnh (st) modun n hi l hng s theo
chiu su
 i vi khng dnh (cui si v ct) modun n hi
tng tuyn tnh theo chiu su.

Nhng gi thit ny phi c a vo tnh ton khi c nh gi tr

ca Es dc theo chiu su cc m c cung cp trong chng
trnh ny.

ii. Phng php 1

Mdun n hi Es vi tng loi t khc nhau c th c c nh

bng cch mt l tham chiu n bng sau (tham kho 2, bng 16-
4, trang 773) hoc l min biu din cc gi tr modun theo chiu
ngang ca phn lc t nn ks ti mt su khong 3 n 6 m
cho:
B
i vi t khng dnh Es = ks 3 (Ct)
(1)
B
i vi t dnh Es = ks 1.6 (St)
(2)
trong B l b rng ca cc.
Bng A.2.1-Modun n hi theo chiu ngang ca phn lc
t nn ks
Loi t ks (MPa)
Si ht ct cht 220-400
Ct ht th cht va 157-300
Ct ht va 110-280
Ct ht mn, ct ph sa 80-200
mn
St cng (t) 60-220
St cng (bo ho nc) 30-110
St cng va (t) 39-140
St cng va (bo ho 10-80
nc)
St mm 2-40

iii. Phng php 2

Es c th c c on bng cch s dng ch s SPT (th nghim
xuyn tiu chun) N t cng thc
Es = 0.65 N, MPa (3)
iv. Phng php 3
D liu ca th nghim c kt cng c th c dng xc nh
mv v tnh ra Es nh sau:
3(1 - 2 )
Es = (4)
mv
trong mv l h s nn th tch (Tham kho 2, trang 62)

c. c lng cc nhn t p lc gii hn ca t

i. Cng chu ct cha tho kh i vi t st
Cc gi tr th hin ca cng chu ct cha tho kh Cu c cho
trong bng sau.
Bng A.2.2-Cng chu ct cha tho kh Cu i vi t
st

cng ca c im Gi tr N ca Cu (kPa)
t th nghim
SPT
rt mm chy qua k cc ngn 0-2 0-10
tay
mm d dng nn bng 2-4 10-25
tay
rn chc c th nn bng tay 4-8 25-50
nhng vi lc p mnh
cng khng th nn c 8-15 50-100
rt cng gin hoc bn dai 15-30 100-200
cng, rn cng chc >30 >200

ii. Gc ma st trong s i vi ct
Cc gi tr th hin gc ma st trong s c cho trong bng sau
(Tham kho 2, bng 2-6 trang 84)
Bng A.2.3-Gc ma st trong s i vi t khng dnh

Loi t cng s0
Si c ht trung bnh 40-55 CD
si ht dng ct 35-50 CD
Ct kh ri 28-34 UU
bo ho ri 28-34 UU
kh cht 43-50 CD
bo ho cht 43-50 CD
Bn hoc ct bn ri 27-30 CD
cht 30-35 CD

d. Tnh ton p lc gii hn ca t

i. t dnh St
p lc t gii hn i vi t dnh c cho nh sau (Tham kho 1,
trang 147):
Pultimate cohesive = 9. Cu (5)

trong Cu = cng chu ct khng tho kh ca t

ii. t khng dnh Ct
p lc t gii hn i vi t khng dnh c cho nh sau (tham
kho 1, trang 149):

Pultimate non-cohesive = 3Kpsh (6)

1 sin s
v Kp =
1 - sin s
trong s = trng lng th tch ca t (lc/m3)
 h = su lp t pha trn im tnh ton
s =

A.2.3.5.6. D liu v cc

D liu v cc c u tin thc hin trong du phn tch PILES.

Trn mi dng, 13 mc d liu cn phi c khai bo nh sau:
NP X Y Z L NR NS NC IP TF BF

NP : S lng cc (ti thiu phi bng 1 v ti a l 25)

X, Y, Z : To ca u cc. Gc to nn t v tr no
trn m cc cng.
L : Chiu di cc
: Gc c o theo chiu kim ng h t trc Y - ti cc
nghing nhn trn mt bng. i vi cc thng th
gi tr ny bng 0.
: Gc xon, o theo chiu kim ng h quanh trc t,
ca trc r t v tr ca n n mt phng X-Y sau
khi quay. (Xem Phn A.2.3.3)
NR : S lng cc xin
NS : S lng mt ct
NC : S lng cc thuc tnh ca t (nhp 0 nu khng
thch hp)
IP : M in yu cu my xc nh c th gi tr ca
momen v lc ct dc theo chiu di ca cc. Nhp
vo 0 nu nhng gi tr ny khng c yu cu.
Ngoi ra, git tr ny c th l s m hay dng cho
php chim 3 k t my tnh. Nhp vo 1 xc
nh gi tr ny i vi mt phng r-t, hoc nhp 1
xc inh vi mt phng s-t, hoc 2 i vi c 2
mt phng (cho tt c cc trng hp ti trng). hn
ch xut liu mt trng hp ti trng la chn
(chng hn nh trng hp ti trng 5), g 15, hoc 15,
hoc 26 tu theo mt phng no ang c xt
n.
TF : iu kin lin kt nh, s nhn gi tr hoc l FIX
(ngm) hoc l PIN (cht)
BF : iu kin lin kt y, s nhn mt trong 3 gi tr ca
FIX, PIN, hoc l REL. (iu kin sau bao hm s
kim gi cc do t v do trong trng hp ny NC
phi khc 0).

A.2.3.5.7. Cc d liu v ti trng

Mi trng hp ti trng c u tin thc hin trong du phn tch

CONTINUE. Mt cu lnh END nh du kt thc mt d liu.
Khng c gii hn i vi s lng cc trng hp ti trng c th c x
l trong mt ln chy my. Tip theo mt cu lnh CONTINUE ch-
ng trnh s i hi mt dng tiu v c th ln ti 10 dng
khai bo ti trng.

Cu trc d liu i vi hai trng hp ti trng nh sau:

CONTINUE
Load case title
LN X Y Z FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
CONTINUE
Load case title
LN X Y Z FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
END

trong
Load case title : Tiu ca trng hp ti trng, ti a ch
c 72 k t
LN : S lng ti trng (ti a 10)
X, Y, Z : To ca im chu lc tc dng
FX, FY, FZ : Lc tc dng ln lt theo hng ca X, Y v Z
MX, MY, MZ : Momen theo chiu ngc kim ng h quanh cc
trc ln lt song song vi trc X, Y, Z.

A.2.3.6. Th tc ngi dng

Trc khi chy chng trnh, phi chun b mt file cha d liu. iu
ny d dng t c bng cch s dng mt trnh son tho,
chng hn QEDIT hay WORDSTAR. (ch rng khi s dng
WORDSTAR, dng ch non-document, v t l trang ti 72 k
t ti a.) Nh rng chng trnh gi nh rng tn ca file d liu
s s dng ui m rng .PLG. Chng trnh c khi chy bng
cch g PILING theo sau mt phm xung dng, sau PILING s
yu cu tn ca mt file d liu (khng cn phi cung cp file c
ui .PLG), v ni dn ra gi tr xut liu. gip ngi dng
trong vic gim st cc pha x l khc nhau, cc thng bo s xut
hin trn mn hnh.

A.2.3.7. Cc thng bo li

D liu phi chu mt vi kim tra m nu khng tho mn s dn

n hin th mt thng bo khng ph hp.

No. Thng bo li
1 Invalid delimeter on following line (nh gii khng ph
hp trn dng sau)
2 Incorrect no. of data items on following line (Khai bo
s lng mc d liu khng ng trn dng sau)
3 Error in following line (Li sai trn dng sau)
4 Coefficient no. mm greater than the number of
coefficient enterred nn
5 Warning.......... number of piles read is unequal to the
stated number
6 Error......... pile nn outside range of soil property
no. pp
7 Error......... depth Z = zz is smaller than the first
depth = dd for soil property no. pp

A.2.3.8. V d
 A.2.4. Ti liu k thut
A.2.4.1. Tng qut
L thuyt ca chng trnh bt ngun t mt bi bo tiu Phn
tch h cc kt cu ca D. G. Alcock (Tham kho 2). Bi bo ny
gi nh khi nim chiu di c hiu c p dng vo cc trong
khi trong chng trnh, vic s dng mt khi nim kiu ny ch l
mt s la chn. Trong thc t thng c thng tin y v cc
iu kin ca t biu din mt cch s hc mc km
gi m t tc dng vo cc. iu ny cho php mt s c nh
chnh xc hn v tnh cht lin quan n cng ca cc ti
im m cc ngm vo b cng lin kt cc cc. N cng cho
php xc nh c cch m momen v lc ct rt ngn chiu di
ca mi cc.

A.2.4.2. H to tng th v a phng

Tham kho hnh A.2.8, hnh A.2.9 v hnh A.2.10 minh ho mi
lin h gia h to tng th (X, Y, Z) v h to a phng
(r, s, t).

A.2.4.2.1. Cc thng ng

Hnh A.2.8
Mt cc thng ng c cho ti v tr ny ng ti gc to ca
h tng th, mc ch l lm cho hng mc nh ca h to
a phng c r rng. Ngha l, cc trc r, s, t l tng ng vi cc
trc X, Y, Z.

thit lp hng ca cc trc to a phng i vi mt cc bt

k, tt nht l bt u vi v tr cho trn hnh A.2.8, v quay
thnh mt chui (cho trn hnh A.2.9 v hnh A.2.10) v nu cn
thit th thc hin ln quay cui cng quanh trc t.

A.2.4.2.2. Quay quanh trc t

Hnh A.2.9
Gc quay trn hnh c o t trc Y- v gc phi c trong khi khai
bo d liu. Ch rng chiu quay dng l chiu ngc chiu kim
ng h khi nhn t hng ca trc t.

A.2.4.2.3. Quay quanh trc r

Hnh A.2.10
ln ca ln quay (BETA) to ra nghin ca cc (c truy nhp
vi 2 gi tr khong cch (ngang v ng)) v chiu quay l ngc
chiu kim ng h khi nhn theo chiu trc ca cc cc.

Ti im ny, ch rng trc r nm trong mt phng X-Y , v trc

s nm cung pha vi mt phng X-Y nu so vi trc Z.
A.2.4.2.4. Quay trc ln cui cng quanh trc t

Gc xon
T hng cho trn hnh A.2.10 mt ln quay cui cng c th c
thc hin quanh trc t. Cng nh nhng ln trc, ln ny chiu quay
dng cng l chiu ngc kim ng h (nhn theo hng ca trc t).
ln ca ln quay ny c tham chiu trong truy nhp v truy xut
gi l gc (GAMMA).

A.2.4.3. Quay v Tnh tin

A.2.4.3.1. Quay
Mt vector VXYZ trong mt h to x,y,z c th c th hin trong
mt h r,z,t bi mt ma trn quay A.

Vx Vr

V y A.Vs (7)

V Vt

z
Quay quanh t (hnh A.2.9)
cos sin 0
At sin cos 0 (8)
0 0 1
Quay quanh r (hnh A.2.10)
1 0 0
Ar 0 cos sin (9)
0 sin cos
Quay quanh t
cos sin 0
At sin cos 0 (10)
0 0 1
Do :
 Vx Vr

V y At .Ar .At .Vs (11)

V Vt
z
hay V xyz A.V rst
Phng trnh ny p dng cho c lc tp trung v momen.

F A 0 F
(12)

M xyz 0 AMrst
hay P xyz R . P rst
Y
A.2.4.3.2. Tnh tin

X
z

x y r

Z t
 Hnh A.2.7-Tnh tin ca trc

F I 0 F
. (13)

M XYZ 0 IMxyz
z 0 x
trong B
y x 0
[I] v [0] l cc ma trn ng nht v ma trn khng.
C th m t sc tch hn nh sau:
P XYZ T . P xyz (14)
A.2.4.3.3. Kt hp quay v tnh tin
C [P]XYZ = [R].[P]xyz
v [P]XYZ = [T].[P]xyz (15)
do [P]XYZ = [TR].[P]xyz
nn [P]rst = [TR]-1[P]XYZ
Chnh v vy nn by gi ta c th biu din phng trnh bng
nguyn l nghch Hi Lp rng cc chuyn dch []c th c xc
nh nh sau:
[]XYZ = [TR]T.[]rst (16)
[]rst = [TR] .[]XYZ
T

A.2.4.4. Ma trn cng thnh phn

A.2.4.4.1. Tng qut
Ma trn cng thnh phn cho mt nguyn t lng th u c
vit nh sau:
[P]rst = [K].[]rst (17)
Nu u ca cc thnh phn c biu th l 1 v 2 th phng
trnh ny c th c m rng thnh:
 p1 K1 K12s1
. (18)

p 2rst K21 K2 s2
trong :
12EI s 6 EI x
L3 0 0 0 0
L2
12 EI r 6 EI r
0 0 0 0
L3 L2
EA
0 0
L
0 0 0
K 11 (19)
6 EI r 4 EI r
0 0 0 0
L2 L
6 EI s 0 0 0
4 EI x
0
L2 L
GJ
0 0 0 0 0
L
 12 EI x 6 EI x
L3 0 0 0 0
L2
12 EI r 6 EI r
0 0 0 0
L3 L2
EA
0 0
L
0 0 0
K12 (20)
6 EI r 2 EI r
0 0 0 0
L2 L
6 EI s 0 0 0
2 EI x
0
L2 L
GJ
0 0 0 0 0
L

12 EI s 6 EI x
L3 0 0 0 0
L2
12 EI r 6 EI r
0 0 0 0
L3 L2
EA
0 0
L
0 0 0
K 22 (21)
6 EI r 4 EI r
0 0 0 0
L2 L
6 EI s 0 0 0
4 EI x
0
L2 L
GJ
0 0 0 0 0
L

K12 = K21 (22)

A.2.4.4.2. Ngm u cc, ngm mi cc:

Trong trng hp ny
[2] = 0 (23)
v do
[P1] = [K11].[1] (24)
trong [K11] c xc nh trong mc trc.

A.2.4.4.3. Ngm u cc, cht mi cc

Bng cch quy i 3 thnh phn momen v 0 trong h lc [P 2], ta
c th vit di dng ma trn i s nh sau:
 3EI s 3EI x
L3 0 0 0 0
L2
3EI r 3EI r
0 0 0 0
L3 L2
EA
0 0 0 0 0
K11 L (25)
3EI r 3EI t
0 0 0 0
L2 L
3EI s 0 0 0
3EI s
0
L2 L
0 0 0 0 0 0

A.2.4.4.4. Cht u cc ngm mi cc:
Trong trng hp ny [2] = 0 v do ta c th vit:
3EI s
L3 0 0 0 0 0
3EI r
0 0 0 0 0
L3
K 11 0 0
EA
0 0 0
(26)
L
0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

A.2.4.4.5. Nn n hi
Cc mc A.2.4.4.2 n A.2.4.4.4 u bao hm vic s dng ci gi
l phng php un tng ng hay phng php kiu un (tham
kho 1, Mc 9.3) trong b cc xem nh c bi cc ct hoc
cc cngxon ng t do c chiu di v din tch mt ct ngang
tng ng. C mt vi cch qui i chiu di thc v mt ct
ngang thc thnh nhng gi tr tng ng nhng nhng phng
php ny khng c cp n y. Trong chng trnh, c
mt iu kin tu chn trong cho php modun n hi ca
t ti cc su khc nhau c truy nhp, v sau chuyn
thnh mt h l xo (thng c gi l m hnh Winkler) dc theo
chiu di xung su ca mi cc.

Phn cng qui hp t mi cc s l [K11] trong :

 K 11 0 0 0 K 15 0
0 K 0 K 24 0 0
22

0 EA
0 0 0 0
K 11 L (27)
0 K 42 0 K 44 0 0

K 51 0 0 0 K 55 0
0 0 0 0 0 K 66

K 11 K 15 K 22 K 24
K v (28)
51 K 55 K 42 K 44

Thnh phn cng mt phng c xc nh bng cch gii

thnh cng ma trn cng c 42 t do. Gi tr ca cc l xo
to nn cc thnh phn cng ca ma trn ny c tnh ton
trong chng trnh da vo mi quan h sau, mi quan h ny n
lt n li da trn cng trnh ca Vesic (c vit Phn Tham kho
1 v 2).
1.30 E s B 4 Es
K= 12 . (29)
B E p I p (1 2 )
trong : K = Modun phn lc t nn
B = B rng ca cc
Es = modun n hi ca t
EpIp = cng chng un ca cc
= H s Poisson cu t, gi nh bng 0.3

A.2.4.4.6. Nn n hi khi ngm mi cc

Vic m hnh ho tnh c nh ca momen v lc ct ti u

cc, mt iu kin c th t c bng cm cc vo trong t,
c c l do thm cc l xo rt mm vo ngn cn cc chuyn
dch quay v tnh tin ti mi cc. Gi tr ca K 66 cng c t l
GJ/L.

A.2.4.4.7. Nn n hi v cht mi cc

Mt l xo cng c thm vo ngn cn chuyn dch tnh tin

ti mi cc, trong khi gi tr K66 c cho bng 0.

A.2.4.5. Ma trn cng dng khung

Mi cc phi tho mn phng trnh cn bng:
[P]rst = [K].[]rst (30)

T nhng cng thc trn ta rt ra:

[P]rst = [TR]-1.[P]XYZ (31)
[]rst = [TR]-1.[]XYZ
Do , bng cch thay vo ta c:
[TR]-1.[P]XYZ = [K].[TR]T.[]XYZ
Do [P]XYZ = [TR].[K].[TR]T.[]XYZ
(32)
= [Y].[]XYZ

trong [Y] c gi l ma trn cng thnh phn khai trin.

Khi tt c cc cc c lin kt vi nhau ti 1 im (gi l im O)

bng cch ghp chng ln nhau ta c:
[P]XYZ = ([Y]).[]XYZ (33)

[Y] c gi l ma trn cng dng khung v thng c kch thc

6x6

Mt h lc v mmen ti mt im Q no , tc dng trn mt h

trc xyz no s c xc nh bi Wxyz. Nu Q c lin kt vi O
th hiu ng ca Wxyz ti O s l:
[W]XYZ = [T].[W]xyz (34)

i vi h ti trng phc tp:

[W]XYZ = ([T].[W]xyz (35)

Cn bng ti im O ta c:
[W ] XYZ P XYZ (36)

Do
[]XYZ = Y . W
1
XYZ (37)

Do bi ton gim xung ch cn ma trn 6x6. Sau ta s

tnh c chuyn dch trong h trc tng th, c th c
truyn ti tng trc a phng ca mi cc, v c cc lc u
cc na.
 A.2.5. Ti liu tham kho
1. POULOS H. G. & DAVIS E. H.
Pile Foundation Analysis and Design (Phn tich v thit k
mng cc)
John Wiley & Sons xut bn nm 1980
2. BOWLES J. E.
Foundation Analysis and Design (Phn tch v thit k
mng)
McGraw-Hill xut bn ln th 4 nm 1988
3. ALCOCK D. G.
The Analysis for Structural Piling System (Phn tch h cc
xy dng)
Xut bn trong bi K s kt cu Tp ch British Journal
Thng 11 nm 1966 bn 11 tp 44