B. Tech.

III EC 6th Sem

Sub: Fiber Optic Communications
ASSIGNMENT I
(Light Propagation in Fiber)

1. If the core layer of an optical fiber is made from silica with a refractive index of 1.45 and
if the refractive index of cladding layer is 1% less than that of the core, calculate
(a)cladding layer refractive index,(b) critical angle, and(c)numerical aperture.
2. Calculate the refractive indices of the core and the cladding materials of an optical fiber
whose NA=0.35 and =0.01.
3. What is the maximum core diameter for a fiber to operate in single mode at a
wavelength of 1310nm if the NA is 0.12?
4. Determine the normalized frequency at 850 nm for a step-index fiber, which has a core
radius of 25m,a core refractive index of 1.48 and cladding refractive index of 1.46. How
many modes propagate in this fiber at 1320nm and 1550nm?
5. Calculate the V number and the number of modes supported by the step-index fiber
having n1=1.53, n2=1.5 and with a core radius of 50m operating at 1500nm.
6. The relative refractive index difference between of a fiber is 0.7% and its core refractive
index is 1.45. Calculate the values for NA of the fiber if
(a) Index profile is not taken into consideration
(b) Index profile is triangular
7. Find the cutoff wavelength for a step-index fiber to operate as single mode fiber when
the core refractive index is 1.46, relative index difference is 0.25% and the core
diameter is 9m.
8. If the multimode step index fiber having core refractive index of 1.5, cladding refractive
index of 1.38 and core radius of 25m operates at a wavelength of 1300nm, calculate:
(a) NA
(b) normalized frequency
(c) Solid acceptance angle
(d)Total number of modes entering the fiber
9. Calculate the core radius and NA at 0.85m,for a step index fiber having n1=1.47 and
n2=1.465,
Normalized frequency is 2.4.
10. A graded index fiber having parabolic profile of refractive index has NA=0.3 in air and a
core diameter of 60m and supports 742 guided modes. Calculate the wavelength of
light propagation in fiber.
 B. Tech. III EC 6th Sem
Sub: Fiber Optic Communications
ASSIGNMENT II
(Attenuation in Fiber)

1. Determine the signal attenuation per kilometer for optical fiber of length 10km,
assuming no splices and connectors, when the mean optical power launched is
100W and the output power is 5W.
2. Determine the overall signal attenuation for optical fiber of length 20km with spices
at 2km intervals, each giving an attenuation of 1.5dB, when the mean optical power
launched is 200W and the output power is 15W.
3. Calculate the macro bend loss of a GI fiber with index profile =2, core diameter of
50m, and wavelength 850nm, bent curve radius R=2.0cm.The core refractive index
is 1.45, NA=0.21, =0.02.
4. An optical power of 10W is fed into fiber of 10 km length. The output power is
found to be 5W. Calculate
(a) Overall loss in dB assuming no connectors or splices
(b) Overall loss in dB/km
(c) Overall signal attenuation for 20km optical link using the same fiber with splices
at 2km interval, each of 1dB attenuation.
(d) The numerical input-output power ratio in part(c).
5. An optical fiber has losses of 0.6dB/km at 1300nm. If 100 W of power is injected
into the fiber, how much power will reach at a distance of 20km?
6. Calculate the macrobend loss of a GI fiber with index profile =1, core diameter of
50m, wavelength 850nm,bent curve radius R=1.5cm. The core refractive index is
1.45,NA=0.4,=0.02.
7. Calculate the critical radius of curvature at which large bending losses occurs in a
multimode fiber, with core refractive index of 1.45, relative refractive index
difference of 4%, and an operating wavelength of 0.85m.
8. Determine the attenuation in dB/km due to Rayleigh scattering in silica at an
operating wavelength of 700nm.Silica has fictive temperature of 1400K with
isothermal compressibility of 7 Refractive index is 1.46 and the
photo-elastic coefficient is 0.29.
9. Calculate the waveguide dispersion at 1550nm for a single-mode fiber with core and
cladding diameter of 9m and 125 m, respectively. Core refractive index n1=1.45
and relative refractive index difference is 0.4%.
10. An optical fiber has losses of 2.4 dB/km at 850nm. If 100 W of power is injected
into the fiber, how much power will reach at a distance of 10km?