Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine
Evaluating the environmental impact of
coal-fired power plants through
wastewater pollutant vector
Nikos E. Mastorakis, Andreea Jeles, Cornelia A Bulucea, Carmen A. Bulucea, Constantin Brindusa
Abstract Reliable and safe operation of a coal-fired power plant is
strongly linked to freshwater resources, and environmental
problems related to water source and wastewater discharging
are challenging the power plant operation. This study deals with
an evaluation on basis of wastewater pollutant vector of the
environmental impact of residual water generated and discharged in
Jiu River during the thermoelectric blocks operation of Rovinari
coal-fired power plant. Wastewater pollutant vector Plane Projection
is applied for assessing the water temperature evolution in the water
flow lane created on downstream from the power plant wastewater
outlet channel. Simulation on basis of EDF model and testing
validation of EDF Methodology results on thermoelectric blocks of
330 MW of Rovinari power plant are presented in this study.
Keywords Coal-fired power plant, Environmental impact,
Pollutant vector , Wastewater
I. INTRODUCTION
W ITHIN Industrial Ecology framework, an estimation of
the industrial metabolism should explore not only the
economic and social benefits, but also the
environmental impacts [1,2,3]. The coal-fired power plants
represent the larger contributor to acid rain of any industrial
activity, since they are the larger source of sulfur oxides. The
coal-fired sector is also a significant source of nitrogen oxides,
with an impact comparable to that of transportation [4,5,6,7].
Beyond the environmental and human health impacts caused
by the air pollutant emissions generated by the coal-fires
power plants operation, one could notice also other
environmental issues related to water resources and pollutant
wastewater generated therein. This study deals with an
evaluation on basis of wastewater pollutant vector of the
Nikos E. Mastorakis is with the Technical University of Sofia, Industrial
Engineering Department, Sofia, BULGARIA, mastor@tu-sofia.bg
Military Institutions of University Education (ASEI), Hellenic Naval
Academy Terma Hatzikyriakou, 18539, Piraeus, GREECE
Andreea Jeles is with the Technical College of Arts and Crafts Constantin
Brancusi, Craiova, ROMANIA (e-mail: andreee_83@yahoo.com).
Cornelia A. Bulucea is with the University of Craiova, Faculty of
Electromechanical and Environmental Engineering, ROMANIA (e-mail:
aidan5678@gmail.com).
Carmen A. Bulucea is with the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of
Craiova, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, ROMANIA (e-mail:
abulucea@gmail.com).
Constantin Brindusa is with Electrical Vehicles Department, ROMDATA
AQ, Craiova, ROMANIA. (e-mail: rinstalctin@yahoo.com )
ISBN: 978-1-61804-022-0
environmental impact of wastewater generated and discharged
in Jiu River during the thermoelectric blocks operation of
Rovinari coal-fired power plant.
II. WASTEWATER FROM THERMOELECTRIC BLOCKS
OPERATION. IMPACTS, RISKS AND REGULATIONS
Reliable and safe operation of a coal-fired power plant is
strongly linked to freshwater resources [8,9,10,11]. Despite the
worldwide pressure to retire existing coal-fired power plants
and deny permits for new such power plants, as the demand for
the electricity is increasing continuously, humankind will not
renounce too soon to the fired-coal power plants. But,
thermoelectric generation requires a sustainable and large
freshwater source, mostly used to cool and condense the steam
after it exists the turbine. Further on, thermoelectric blocks
operation cause the industrial pollutant wastewater that is
discharged in rivers waters.
Due to water availability and quality issues, current and
future water-related environmental regulations will challenge
the power plant operation [12,13,14].
Currently, on a broader front, the EU Member States face
many environmental challenges, still the implementation of
European Union legislation should lead to environmental
benefits, together with the economic and social ones [12,15].
The benefits of compliance with EU environmental directives
and regulations must be addressed meaningfully, together with
a shift in human education, both in environmental and
economic terms. This way humankind could approach the final
step, estimating the value of environmental benefits on basis of
people willing and decision, for instance clean drinking water
or avoiding illness and cases of premature death caused by the
environmental problems [12,13,14,15]. Such environmental
challenges could be:
1) Improving and extending the water supply networks to
& ensure that safe drinking water is available to all
settlements.
2) Improving and extending waste water collection and
treatment plants.
3) Ensuring that water and air pollutant emissions from
thermoelectric power plants are reduced.
4) Cleaning up contaminated rivers and lands where
water quality is unacceptable.
5) Protecting eco-systems and habitats from economic
pressure.
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 Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine
Addressing such challenges will lead to many environmental
and human health benefits, entailing [12]:
a) Reduced risk of water-related illness and improved
water taste, as a result of better water quality.
b) Better human health since the exposure to pollutant
factor is reduced, and, as result, the number of
respiratory diseases and premature deaths will be
decreased.
c) Lower consumption of raw materials as a result of
cleaner production.
d) Better protection of natural ecosystems for future
generations.
Related to water benefits, the compliance should be with the
EU Directives and Regulations encompassed by
Environmental Acquis (Acquis communautaire) [12,15]:
1. Environmental Impact Assessment Directive,
85/337/EEC, amended by 97/11/EC;
2. Environmental Information Directive, 90/313/EEC;
3. Water Quality Framework Directive: Urban Waste
Water, 91/271/EEC, related decision 93/481/EEC;
Nitrates, 91/676/EEC; Dangerous substances to the
aquatic environment, 76/464/EEC, including 7
daughter directives, all amended by 91/692/EEC;
Mercury discharges from industries, 82/176/EEC,
84/156/EEC; Cadmium discharges, 83/513/EEC;
HCH discharges, 84/491/EEC; List one substances,
86/280/EEC, amended by 88/347/EEC and
90/415/EEC; Surface water for the abstraction of
drinking water, 75/440/EEC, amended
79/869/EEC and 91/692/EEC; Measurement and
sampling of drinking water, 79/869/EEC, Fish water,
78/659/EEC, amended by 91/692/EEC.
4. European Environment Agency Regulation,
EEC/1210/90
III. CASE STUDY. WASTEWATER POLLUTION VECTOR OF
ROVINARI COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT
Thermoelectric power generation in a coal-fired plant
consists in the conversion of thermal energy into electrical
energy, on basis of a coal-fossil fuel source to heat a liquid to
produce a high pressure gas (usually water is heated to
produce steam) which then is expanded over a turbine that
runs an electric generator [8,9,16]. The driving force for this
process is the phase change of the gas to a liquid following the
turbine, and this is where the requirement for cooling water
arises. A vacuum is created in the condensation process which
draws the gas over the turbine, since this low pressure is
critical to the thermodynamic efficiency of the process.
Mainly, the water requirement in coal-fired power plants is as
cooling water for condensing the steam. The steam
condensation typically occurs in a shell-and-tube heat
exchanger that is known as a condenser. The operating
parameters of the cooling system are critical to the overall
power generation yield.
In this study will be analyzed the environmental pollutant
vector of wastewaters in Rovinari coal-fired power plant of
Romania. The industrial waters supplying the thermoelectric
ISBN: 978-1-61804-022-0
blocks of these power plants are surface waters with a varying
temperature in the range 0-30 Celsius degrees. A common trait
of the Rovinari, Turceni and Craiova power plants is the same
source of supplying water, represented by Jiu River [17]. The
pollutant emission source for this river caused by these
industrial facilities consists in the wastewater discharging
process. Both the supply with fresh water and the discharge of
wastewater are performed through the culvert channels
provided with special inlets and outlets, respectively. These
surface channels are carried out by concrete and embankment
(see Fig.1 and Fig.2), with a slope of 1% that ensures a
minimum water flow, without destabilizing the optimum level
of natural pond.
Fig.1 Longitudinal view of the Fig.2 Test platform for
supply channel supply channel
The water flow supplied by Jiu River to Rovinari Power Plant
by is provided through the high capacity pumps and by modifying
the upstream dam inlet level. The physico-chemical parameters
are permanently checked, in real time, through complex
equipment installed in a monitoring cabin (Fig.3), with a
telemetric transmission of the collected data. This way, in a
first stage, there are determined the following fresh water
parameters: conductivity, pH, temperature, water level in the
channel, water flow rate, inlet water flow. Evaluation of the
physico-chemical parameters of fresh water provided through
the supplying channel is performed with the measuring
transducers. Further on, the water treatment in the Chemical
Section (Fig.4) is performed in order to obtain the
demineralized water necessary for the steam production, and
softened water to be added in the district heating network.
Fig.3 Monitoring cabin
Installation for water pretreatment is necessary for suspension
reduction in the raw water, using several decanters operating
on basis of coagulation and flocculation processes. Inside the
decanters is also performed a decarbonation process, by the
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 Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine

treatment with Ca(OH)2 in order to obtain the precipitation of (as physical parameter). The discharged water could be a
Ca and Mg soluble salts. Decanted water is stored in tanks, surface determined by a complex geometrical figure that can
and through a pump system is provided further on towards the be reduced to an ellipse (point A in the wastewater outlet, and
demineralized water and softened water installations. the ellipse center moved in the water flowing sense)
[20,21,22,23].
WATER Analytical equation of the ellipse with the center in point
TREATMENT
O*(x0,y0) and semi-axes a, b is:
(x x0 ) 2 (y y0 ) 2
WATER
PRETREATMENT
DEMINERALIZED
WATER
SOFTENED
2
+ 2
1= 0 (1)
WATER
a b
This is based on the phenomenon of laminar flowing of the
Fig. 4 Water treatment in Rovinari power plant chemical section pollutant vector of wastewater discharged into a natural
Installation for water demineralizing is necessary to produce environment like Jiu River. On such river areas, the
an appropriate water for steam production. Water temperature of discharged water determined significant
demineralizing process is carried out through the six batteries changes that can affect the aquatic fauna and flora.
of ionic filters. Plane Projection can be developed for distances smaller than
Within the water softening installation it is obtained the 250 meters. An example of linear temperature distribution if
softened water that is necessary to be added in the district Plane Projection could be developed for distances smaller than
heating network. 250 meters inside the main isothermal curve.
Distribution of isothermal curves (see Table I) if plane
projection on distance of 175 meters in the main flowing lane
A. Discharged Wastewater Pollutant Vector of wastewater pollutant vector is depicted in Fig.5.
The thermoelectric blocks of Rovinari power plant are
equipped with a water recirculating system using wet cooling TABLE I
towers in order to dissipate the heat from the cooling water to No. Isothermal Iso = Disom [m] = K [oC/ m] =
curve Isothermal distance on longitudinal
the atmosphere. In this wet recirculating system, the warmed
indicative isothermal linearization
cooling water is pumped from the steam condenser to the curve coefficient
cooling towers [8,9]. 1 Iso33 33 35 1/35
2 Iso32 32 35 1/35
The pollutant vector of discharged wastewater (V DWW ) is 3 Iso31 31 35 1/35
completely specified (from a strictly vectorial viewpoint) by: 4 Iso30 30 35 1/35
direction, sense, magnitude, origin and tip. 5 Iso28 29 35 1/35
The vector direction is defined by the wastewater discharging
channel that links the power plant with the river via an
ecological waste water treatment station [18,19]. The vector 140m
sense is defined by the wastewater flowing sense. The vector
magnitude is related to the wastewater velocity that must be at 105m
minimum of 1.5 m/s in order to avoid the suspension
sedimentation on the discharging channel bottom. The origin
70m
of vector is on power plant inlet site and the tip of vector on
the outlet discharging channel.
The physico-chemical parameters of water that can be 35m

measured are: temperature, conductivity, particulate matter in

suspension, water fixed residue, pH value. Determination of
pH value is absolutely compulsory in establishing the acidic or
alkaline water. Electrometric measurement is a precise
method, and the pH-meter has small dimensions and is mobile.
Water acidity is emphasized by the presence of free carbon
dioxide, mineral acids and salts of strong acids with weak
alkalis. Water alkalinity is highlighted by the presence of
alkaline carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides.
B. Wastewater Pollutant Vector Plane Projection
Plane Projection (PP) of wastewater pollutant vector allows
the temperature evaluation in the water flow lane created on
long distances (in the range 1-10 km) in Jiu River from the
wastewater outlet channel. Basically, the plane projection of
wastewater pollutant vector is related to the water temperature
245m 210m 175m 140m 105m 70m 35m 0m
Fig.5 Isothermal curves: Iso33, Iso32, Iso31, Iso30, Iso29
C. Projection in Mirror of Wastewater Pollutant Vector
Projection in Mirror (PM) of wastewater pollutant vector
allows the temperature evaluation in the water flow lane
created on small distances (up to 500 meters) in Jiu River from
the wastewater outlet channel. This is based on the
phenomenon of laminar flowing of the pollutant vector of
wastewater discharged into a natural environment like Jiu
River[17,18,19].
The wastewater vector can be equated to a body as
symmetrical truncated pyramid pasted to river bank linked to

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discharging water channel. This way, the volume of truncated vector, having been concerned only by the mixture of warm
pyramid body is determined as: water (from the coal-fired power plant) with the river water,
I that should not exceed a maximum limit.
Vtc = ( L2 + l 2 + L l ) (2) Assessment of temperature evolution in the downstream
3
On basis of Projection in Mirror the assessment of outlet river water caused by a warm water discharge is based
temperature linear distribution can be developed for distances on a theoretical method that implies some formula entailing
under 500 meters, within the main isothermal curve. exponential factors.
Consequently, the distribution of isothermal curves (see Table Electricity of France (EDF) Group developed a mathematical
II) in the case of PM on distances of 50 meters on wastewater model of temperature evolution in river water since a warm
vector (e.g. main isothermal curve) is depicted in Fig.6. water flow had been discharged on downstream outlet, which
allows further on reliable numerical simulation:
TABLE
TABLE IIII t = t max e kx
(3)
No. Isothermal Iso = Disom [m] = K [oC/ m] =
curve Isothermal distance on longitudinal where: Rt is the river water residual heating at x kilometers
indicative isothermal linearization downstream from the warm water outlet; Rtmax is the river
curve coefficient water maximum heating after the water mixture in the warm
1 Iso35 35 50 1/50 water outlet; k is the climate correction factor, with values
2 Iso34 34 50 1/50 ranging between 0.001 and 0.01; x is the distance from the
3 Iso33 33 50 1/50 warm water outlet to the river section where the residual
4 Iso32 32 50 1/50 temperature is determined.
4 Izo31 31 50 1/50 The mathematic model of temperature evolution in the river
5 Iso30 30 50 1/50 water, downstream the warm water outlet through the
wastewater pollutant vector allows a reliable evaluation from
350m
the errors viewpoint, for river lengths of *10 km, but under 50
km. Numerical simulation is useful in the technical assessment
of transient slowly variable processes.
300m

E. EDF Methodology Applied to Thermoelectric Blocks of

250m
200m
150m
100m
50m
150m 100m 50m 0m
Fig.6 Isothermal curves: Iso35, Iso34,
Iso33, Iso32, Iso31, Iso30
D. EDF Methodology for Evaluating Wastewater Pollutant
Vector
From a designing viewpoint, the discharged wastewater
pollutant vector has as flowing frame a river laminar layer,
variable from the point of discharging vector outlet. Factors
that interfere in calculation of temperatures within the river,
downstream the outlet discharge of a warm water flow, are
numerous, variable and hard to calculate or measuring. This is
the reason for applying over time [8,17,24] an approximate
calculus mainly linked on the field measurements. The most
simple formula did not take into consideration the temperature
evolution downstream the outlet of the wastewater discharging
330 MW of Rovinari Power Plant
This case study takes into consideration a permanent
operation of the thermoelectric power plant of Rovinari with
an installed power corresponding to 3 energetic blocks (n=3)
of 330 MW, resulting the total power of 990 MW [8,16]. The
investigation aimed to assess the correct evolution of
temperature, on basis of wastewater pollutant vector. This case
study had been performed under the conditions:
- power plant capacity utilization of 75% from the
installed power (n=3);
- the outlet allows the discharge of wastewater
provided by the 3 thermoelectric blocks of 330 MW;
- temperature assessment is based on the EDF
methodology.
It had been used a AMD multiprocessor computer system that
allowed the StatSoft STATISTICA - Version 7.0 software
running, for date acquisition and processing. The simulation
process of the EDF pattern for wastewater pollution vector
involved four types of recording on a 45 km river length,
namely:
- general nomogram of temperature, depicted by Fig.7;
- temperature nomogram, k =0.003 (n=3), depicted by Fig.8;
- temperature nomogram, k =0.004 (n=3), depicted by Fig.9;
- temperature nomogram, k =0.005 (n=3), depicted by Fig.10.
One could notice in Fig. 7, Fig.8, Fig.9 and Fig.10 that
simulations had two variables:
- variable x represented by the distance from the river
outlet point of warm wastewater to the river section
where the residual heating is calculated;

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 Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine

- variable y, denoted by k representing the climate
correct factor, with values ranging between 0.001 and
0.01.
Function Plot (Temperatura: Vector Apa de Ev acuare)
Function = 31,5*Exp(-x*y )
The mathematic pattern response to simulation is represented
by the multivariable function z denoted by Rt (river water
residual heating at x kilometers from warm water outlet
discharging).
In the mathematical model it must be emphasized the
parameter Rtm representing the maximum heating of river
water after the mixture in the warm water outlet.

Function Plot (Temperatura: Vector Apa de Evacuare)

Function = 31,5*Exp(-0,005*x)

30
25
20
15
10
5

Fig.7 Overall nomogram of water temperature 31

30
29
28
27
26
Function Plot (Temperatura: Vector Apa de Evacuare)
Function = 31,5*Exp(-0,003*x) Fig.10 Temperature nomogram for
k = 0.005 and distinct values on Oy axis

F. Testing Validation of EDF Methodology Results on

Thermoelectric Blocks of 330 MW of Rovinari Power Plant
Under the above mentioned conditions, for an acceptable
evaluation of the mathematical pattern described by the EDF
31,5 formula, it is necessary a joint of simulations with
31
30,5 experimental tests. For the experimental validation of EDF
30
29,5 model, on Jiu River have been performed recordings both for
29
28,5 natural thermal load (JIU STN) and for Rovinari thermal load
28
(JIU STR), with the great support of Rovinari Power Plant
Fig.8 Temperature nomogram for staff.
k = 0.003 and distinct values on Oy axis Normally, the medium river flow in Rovinari site is roughly
47 m3/s [25]. Operation of 3 thermoelectric blocks in open
circuit of Rovinari power plant relies on this river flow, under
the environmental parameters stability conditions.
Function Plot (Temperatura: Vector Apa de Evacuare) The measurement conditions assume:
Function = 31,5*Exp(-0,004*x)
1. Maintaining in operation of 3 thermoelectric blocks
of 330 MW in Rovinari for 5 hours, 4 hours before
measurement and 1 hour during measuring.
2. Positioning human observer with measuring
instrument (precision digital thermometer) along the
riverbed and into the mainstream of the river, at
intervals of 5 km.
3. Establishing the trigger timing of the readings,
actually 10 AM, since this is the most appropriate
31
time from viewpoint of heat exchange between Jiu
30 River and environmental surroundings.
29
28 4. Performing the 11 temperature readings, over a
27
period of 50 minutes, at intervals of 5 minutes
Fig.9 Temperature nomogram for between consecutive readings.
k = 0.004 and distinct values on Oy axis

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 Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine

For processing reading data it had been used a AMD

TABLE III
multiprocessor computer system that allowed the Microsoft
t [C] t [C] x Reading:
Office - Version 2007 Version 7.0 software running, for date
Jiu River Jiu River
STN STR [km] Number acquisition and processing.
The experimental validation of EDF pattern for wastewater
23.2 31.5 0.0 1
pollutant vector in this case study is emphasized in Table III
23.1 31.2 0.5 2 and Fig.11, which are depicting the data and diagram for
23.1 30.8 1.0 3 temperature t [0C] and distance x [km] on River Jiu, for natural
23.1 30.5 1.5 4 thermal load (Jiu River STN) and for Rovinari thermal load
(Jiu River STR), respectively.
22.8 30.0 2.0 5
In Table IV and Fig.12 the isothermal curves Iso31, Iso30,
22.9 29.5 2.5 6 Iso29, Iso28, Iso27 are depicted.
23.0 29.0 3.0 7
23.0 28.0 3.5 8 TABLE IV
No Isothermal Iso = Rtm[oC] = k[km-1]=
22.0 27.0 4.0 9
curve Isothermal Outlet water correction
22.5 26.0 4.5 10 indicative temperature factor
23.0 25.9 5.0 11 1 Iso31 31 31.5 0.004
22.5 25.5 5.5 12 2 Iso30 30 31.5 0.004
22.0 25.1 6.0 13
3 Iso29 29 31.5 0.004
22.2 25.1 6.5 14
4 Iso28 28 31.5 0.004
22.4 25.0 7.0 15
22.6 24.9 7.5 16 5 Iso27 27 31.5 0.004

22.6 24.8 8.0 17

22.7 24.8 8.5 18
22.8 24.7 9.0 19
23.0 24.7 9.5 20
23.2 24.8 10.0 21
23.6 24.9 10.5 22 50km 45km 40km 35km 30k 25km 20km 15km 10km 5km 0km
22.8 25.0 11.0 23
Fig.12 Isothermal curves: Iso31, Iso30, Iso29, Iso28, Iso27
23.0 25.1 11.5 24
23.3 25.2 12.0 25
23.6 25.2 12.5 26 G. Discussion
23.8 25.3 13.0 27 According to the data depicted in tables and figures as
24.2 25.3 13.5 28 before, one could notice:
24.8 25.4 14.0 29 - the limit x = 7.5 km for the isothermal curve Iso31=
31oC;
25.0 25.5 14.5 30
- the limit x = 20 km for the isothermal curve Iso30=
30oC;
- the limit x = 30 km for the isothermal curve Iso29=
t[C] Jiu STN t[C] Jiu STR x/10 [km] 29oC;
35 - the limit x = 35 km for the isothermal curve Iso28=
28oC;;
31 5
30 2
,8
,5

30
,
,
31

29 0
,5
30

,0
,
30

22 0 27 0
29

- the limit x = 40 km for the isothermal curve Iso27=

,
,0
23 28

,5 ,0

22 025 9

25
,5 ,5

,0,5
23235 2
23265 2
,8 ,3

22452 3
225584
22 025 1
22 225 1
22 424 0

23 825 0
23025 1
, ,

22 624 9
22 624 8
,7 ,8

23224 8
22 265 9
23284 7
,0 ,7
22 26
23 25

,,
,,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,

, ,
, ,

2425
, ,
, ,

, ,
,,
, ,
22 25

2324
22 24
23 2
23 1
,1
,1

,9
,0

27oC;
,8
,
,

,
,0
23
23

22
23
22

20

15 Consequently:
,5
140
145
,0

,
,

a) For k = 0.003 km-1, Rtmax= 31,5oC, n = 3, Pinst/block = 330

135
13
120
125

,
,
110
,
115

10
,
100
,
5
,
0

10
9,
5
9,
0
5

8,

MW, Pinst = 990 MW, the maximum relative error is:

8,
0
7,
5

5
7,
0
6,
5
0

6,
5,
5
5,
0
5

4,
4,
0
3,
5

Srel T 5.85%;
3,
0
2,
5
0

0
2,
1,
5
1,
0
0,
0,

b) For k = 0.004 km-1, Rtmax= 31,5oC, n = 3, Pinst/block = 330

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Fig.11 Diagram of t and x data series for Jiu River STN MW, Pinst = 990 MW, the maximum relative error is:
Srel T 3.66%;
and Jiu River STR
c) For k = 0.005 km-1, Rtmax= 31,5oC, n = 3, Pinst/block = 330
MW, Pinst = 990 MW, the maximum relative error is:

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 Recent Researches in Geography, Geology, Energy, Environment and Biomedicine
Srel T 6.51%;
d) Optimum of the mathematic model according to relative
error, under the conditions Rtmax= 31.5oC, n = 3, Pinst/block =
330MW, Pinst = 990 MW, it is given by k = 0.004 km-1.
IV. CONCLUSION
In technical terms of this case study (Jiu River flow of 47
m3/s in Rovinari), the environmental impact of wastewater in
opened circuit operation of Rovinari power plant is boundary
acceptable.
The EDF mathematic model of temperature evolution within
the water of Jiu River downstream the outlet of warm water
pollutant vector allows an acceptable evaluation from the
errors viewpoint, for river lengths of *10 km, up to 50 km.
For an acceptable evaluation it is necessary a joint of the
simulation results (based on EDF mathematical pattern) with
experimental tests for wastewater pollutant vector.
Further on, we must have in mind the necessity of assessing
overall projections of wastewater pollutant vector, available on
both small and large distances.
Another environmental concern is related to abnormal
weather conditions, such as arid summer or strong winter frost,
when either the electrical capability of the coal-fired power
plant would be decreased, either the aquatic ecosystems will
be affected by the thermoelectric blocks operation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are highly appreciating the towering support
and dedicated efforts of the WSEAS Research Institute in
creating a great scientific environment. The authors would
like to express their deep and warm gratitude for the
professional way in which the WSEAS Research Institute
works and understands the scholar concerns and issues. The
authors wish also to thank Turceni and Rovinari Power Plants
staff for their permanent support in completing this study.
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