EXPERIMENT 2

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT

Network Theorems.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Verification of Thevenin, Norton and Superposition theorem.

MOTIVATION
According to the students accord.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Thevenins Theorem: Any linear bilateral network consisting of number of energy sources (one or more
voltage and / or current sources) can be replaced by a single voltage source whose value is equal to the open
circuit voltage(VOC/VTh) at output terminal with a series Thevenins resistance(RTh). The Thevenins
resistance is equal to the effective resistance looking back from the output terminal by removing the load
resistance.

So from the above circuit

And
Hence the load current

Nortons Theorem: Any linear bilateral network consisting of number of energy sources (one or more
voltage and /or current sources) can be replaced by a single current source (IN/Isc) whose value is equal to
the short circuit current at output terminal with a shunt Nortons resistance. The Nortons resistance
(RN/RTh) is equal to the effective resistance looking back from the output terminal by removing the load
resistance.

So from the above circuit

And

Hence,
Superposition Theorem : Any linear bilateral network consisting of number of independent energy sources
(one or more voltage and / or current sources), the current flowing through any branch is the algebraic sum
of the individual currents flowing through that branch contributed by each sources and replacing other
sources by their internal resistance.

So from the above circuits

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND PROCEDURE

Description of the apparatus

Procedure

To be written by the student after pre-lab explanation by the faculty

ANALYSIS

Observation Table for Thevenin and Norton Theorem:

Sl. Supply Voltage Drop Open Short-Circuit Thevenin/Norton Voltage Drop

No. Voltage (VS) Across Load Circuit Current(ISC/IN) Equivalent Across Load
(VL) For Given Voltage Resistance (VL) For
Circuit VOC/VTh RTh=VOC/ISC Thevenin
Equivalent
Circuit
1
2
3
Observation Tablefor Super Position Theorem:

Sl Source Source Current I in Current I1 in Current I2 in mA I1+I2 in mA

No Voltage V1 Voltage V2 in mA mA
in Volts Volts
1
2
3

Calculation

To be done by the students after the completion of experiment execution

Discussion of the result

To be written by the student.

Comment and Conclusion

To be written by the student.