Suico, Dominic F.

ES20 August 16, 2017

BS ECE 3 Strength of Materials Engr. Seno

1. What is the net torque due to internal stress?

Net torque due to internal stress is the net of the internal shearing stresses in an internal
torque which is equal and opposite to the applied torque. While the net torque due to the
shearing stress is known, the distribution of the stress is unknown. The distribution of
shearing stresses is statically indeterminate shaft deformations must be considered.

T dF dA
[1]

2. Define shearing strain

Shearing strain is the tangent of the angle, and is equal to the deformation at its maximum
divided by the perpendicular length in the plane of force application which sometimes makes it
easier to calculate. Precisely speaking, the shearing strain is defined as the angular change
between two perpendicular faces of a differential element.

The relationship between shearing stress and shearing strain, assuming hookes law we get
the equation below.

= [2]

Where G represents the modulus of rigidity. By applying shearing forces it is then defined as.

=
[3]
(Average shearing strain)

=

(Shearing stress) [4]

=

[5]
(Substituting shearing stress and strain)

=
[6]
(The relationship between the shearing deformation and applied shearing forces)

Considering an interior section of the shaft. Applying a torsional

load, an element on the interior cylinder deforms into rhombus.
Since the ends of the element remain planar, the shear strain is
equal to the angle of twist.

It follows,

L [7]

Where L is the length, is the stress strain, is the angle, p is
the distance from the center of the shaft.

Shear strain is proportional to twist and radius

r
MAX and MAX [8]
L r

Where r is the radius.

 3. Stress in elastic range

Multiplying the equation 8 by shear modulus,

=

From hookes law, =G so

=

The shearing stress varies linearly with the radial
position in the section

T Tr
and MAX
J J

Where:

is the torsional shearing stress,

is the distance from the center of the shaft,
J is the polar moment of inertia of the section, and r is the outer radius

The angle through which the bar length will twist is given by

TL

JG

In radians

Where:

T is torque in N.mm,

L is the length of shaft in mm,

G is the shear modulus in MPa, and

J is the polar moment of inertia in mm4