Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 8

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Exam, Solutions

05/03/2016

DONT BEGIN UNTIL YOURE TOLD TO!

Instructions:

This exam is to be done independently in 120 minutes.

You may use 2 pieces of letter-sized (8.5 11) paper with whatever you want on it
(back and front, typed or handwritten or both).

No other books, notes or electronic materials are to be used in preparing your answers,
including calculators, phones, laptops, etc.

Please make use of scratch paper for trial & error, then write down your solution steps
legibly on the exam.

If you need extra space, please attach an extra sheet of paper and dont work on the
back of any of the pages.

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 1 of 8


Name:

Problem 1 21 pts. (= 7 3 pts.)

True or False? (Also state why in only a few words.)


(a) The Reynolds number for characteristic velocity U and length L is Re = U/ gL.

T/ F :
Re = %U L/.

(b) = 0 is a relation satisfied by the streamfunction and potential for an


ideal flow in the plane.
T /F:
= (x , y ) = (v, u), = (x , y ) = (u, v), hence = vu + uv = 0.

(c) All fluid flow fields v can be expressed in terms of a potential as v = .

T/ F :
v = if and only if v = 0 (irrotational), which is a subset of all fluid flows.

(d) The equations of low Reynolds number (Stokes) flow reduce to 2 = 0.

T/ F :
Equations of Stokes flow reduce to = 0, this could be true even if 2 6= 0.
4

(e) The boundary layer equations are valid for both small and large Re.

T/ F :
In deriving the BL equations, we took the limit Re .

(f) Ideal flows cannot satisfy all boundary conditions on a solid surface.
T /F:
Ideal flows can satisfy either v n = 0 or v t = 0. We require them to satisfy no
penetration (v n = 0).

(g) The equations of lubrication theory are an exact form of NavierStokes.

T/ F :
The lubrication approximation requires both h0 /L  1 and Re small. We dropped many
terms. The equations are approximate.

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 2 of 8


Name:

Problem 2 16 pts. (= 4 4 pts.)

Consider the Cartesian velocity field v(x, y, z, t) = (cos y, 0, sin y).

(a) Show that the vorticity vector of this given flow field is exactly equal to v.


i j k

= x y z = i(y sin y z 0) j(x sin y z cos y) + k(x 0 y cos y)
cos y 0 sin y

= i cos y + k sin y = cos y, 0, sin y v.

(b) The helicity (per unit volume) is defined as h = v ( v). Compute h for the given
flow field v.
(a)
h = v ( v) = v = v v = cos2 y + sin2 y = 1.
z}|{

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 3 of 8


Name:

(c) Show that the given flow field v satisfies conservation of mass for an incompressible
fluid in 3D.

v = x cos y + y 0 + x sin y = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0

(d) Compute p(x, y, z, t) such that the given flow field v satisfies Eulers momentum
equation(s) for inviscid incompressible flow in the absence of body forces, i.e., Dv/Dt = p.


0 0 0
Dv v 
+v v = cos y, 0, sin y sin y 0 cos y = 0
Dt t
|{z} 0 0 0
=0

Hence, p = 0 p = const. (say, 0).

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 4 of 8


Name:

Problem 3 32 pts. (= 4 8 pts.)

Consider ideal stagnation point flow in the plane for y > 0 and < x < in the
presence of a source of strength Q at (x, y) = (0, 0).

(a) Determine the potential function (x, y), in Cartesian coordinates, for the given flow.

Could start with


Q
F (z) = Az 2 + log z,
2
then take the real part, or start directly with
Q p 2 Q
(x, y) = A(x2 y 2 ) + ln x + y 2 = A(x2 y 2 ) + ln x2 + y 2 .

2 4


(b) Determine the velocity profile v = u(x, y), v(x, y) , in Cartesian coordinates, for the
given flow.
Qx
u(x, y) x = 2Ax +
2 (x2 + y 2 )
and
Qy
v(x, y) y = 2Ay +
2 (x2 + y 2 )

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 5 of 8


Name:

(c) This flow has exactly one stagnation point (xs , ys ). Find xs and ys as functions of
the two parameters associated with flow you defined in (a). Verify that u(xs , ys ) = 0 and
v(xs , ys ) = 0. [Hint: xs = 0; youre allowed to use this fact to speed up your calculation.]

Using hint,
u(xs = 0, ys ) = 0 + 0 = 0
and r
Q Q
v(xs = 0, ys ) = 2Ays + =0 ys = .
2ys 4A
q
Q
v(0, 4A
) = 0 is easily verified.

(d) Could we model ideal stagnation point flow onto a bump using from (a)? Why
or why not? [Hint: a sketch and a key fact about solid walls in ideal flows is enough.]

Plot shows streamlines and equipotential lines. Black is the streamline (x, y) 1.57075.
We can identify it as a solid wall. Thus, can model ideal stagnation point flow onto a
bump.

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 6 of 8


Name:

Problem 4 31 pts. (= 8 + 8 + 8 + 7 pts.)

Consider steady flow, under the lubrication approximation [(h0 /L)2 Re  1], in a slot of
non-uniform height h(x). Assuming the top wall is elastic, its deformation is proportional to
the local fluid pressure, specifically: h(x) = h0 +p(x), where is a proportionality constant
with appropriate units.

y = h(x)

h0
y

(a) Starting from the conservation of linear momentum under the lubrication approxi-
mation, develop an expression for the horizontal (i.e., x-) velocity u(x, y), assuming no slip
at y = 0 and y = h(x) = h0 + p(x).

p 2u
0= + 2,
x y
p
0= p 6= p(y).
x
Solving first eq. (once again, plane Poiseuille flow), imposing BCs:

1 dp
u(x, y) = y[y h(x)].
2 dx

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 7 of 8


Name:

(b) Given a constant flow rate Q (at any x) and using your result in (a), find an ODE
for p(x) as a function of Q, , h0 and . [Hint: the ODE will be nonlinear in p.]

h(x) h(x)
1 dp y 3 y2 [h(x)]3 dp
Z 
Q= u(x, y) dy = h(x) = ,
0 2 dx 3 2 0 12 dx
which must hold at every x by conservation of mass. Then, using given h(x):

dp(x)
12Q = [h0 + p(x)]3 .
dx

(c) If correct, the ODE in (b) is separable and can be immediately integrated. Find Q
as a (nonlinear) function of p(x) assuming the boundary condition p(x = L) = 0.

1
12Qdx = [h0 + p]3 dp 12Qx + C = [h0 + p(x)]4 .
4
h40
Using the BC p(L) = 0 gives C = 12QL + 4
. Hence,

[h0 + p(x)]4 h40


Q= .
48(L x)

(d) Carefully take the limit as 0 to recover p(x) in terms of Q, , L, x and h0 for a
(undeformed) slot of uniform height.

Using the binomial theorem (or Pascals triangle, or squaring the bracketed quantity
twice in a row...):

[h0 + p(x)]4 h40 h40 + 4h30 p(x) + 6h20 2 [p(x)]2 + 4h0 3 [p(x)]3 + 4 [p(x)]4
h
4
0
Q= =  ,
48(L x) 48(L x)
Then canceling an from top and bottom and taking 0:

h30 p(x) 12Q


Q= p(x) = (L x).
12(L x) h30

ME 509, Spring 2016, Final Page 8 of 8

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi