IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 63, NO.
5, MAY 2016 2965
A New Transformerless BuckBoost Converter
With Positive Output Voltage
Shan Miao, Faqiang Wang, Member, IEEE, and Xikui Ma
AbstractA new transformerless buckboost converter
with simple structure is proposed in this study. Compared
with the traditional buckboost converter, the proposed
buckboost converters voltage gain is squared times of the
formers and its output voltage polarity is positive. These
advantages enable it to work in a wider range of positive
output. The two power switches of the proposed buck
boost converter operate synchronously. In the continuous
conduction mode (CCM), two inductors are magnetized and
two capacitors are discharged during the switch-on period,
while two inductors are demagnetized and two capacitors
are charged during the switch-off period. The operating
principles, the steady-state analyses, and the small-signal
model for the proposed buckboost converter operating
in CCM are presented in detail. The power electronics
simulator (PSIM) and the circuit experiments are provided
to validate the effectiveness of the proposed buckboost
converter.
Index TermsContinuous conduction mode (CCM), new
transformerless buckboost converter, positive output
voltage.
I. I NTRODUCTION
A S is well known, switching-mode power supply is the
core of modern power conversion technology, which is
widely used in electric power, communication system, house-
hold appliance, industrial device, railway, aviation, and many
other fields [1], [2]. As the basis of switching-mode power
supply, converter topologies attract a great deal of attention
and many converter topologies have been proposed. Buck con-
verter and boost converter have the simple structure and high
efficiency. However, due to the limited voltage gain, their appli-
cations are restricted when the low or high output voltage are
needed [3]. Luo converters can obtain high voltage gain by
employing the voltage lift technique, but the topological com-
plexity, cost, volume, and losses increase at the same time
Manuscript received July 7, 2015; revised October 2, 2015 and
November 30, 2015; accepted December 20, 2015. Date of publica-
tion January 18, 2016; date of current version April 8, 2016. This work
was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China under Grant 51377124 and Grant 51221005, in part by the
Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of
PR China under Grant 201337, in part by the Program for New Century
Excellent Talents in University of China under Grant NCET-13-0457, in
part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of
China under Grant 2012jdgz09, and in part by the State Key Laboratory
of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment of China under Grant
EIPE15313. (Corresponding author: Faqiang Wang.)
The authors are with the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation
and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong
University, Xian 710049, China (e-mail: miaoshan67@163.com;
eecjob@126.com; maxikui@mail.xjtu.edu.cn).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available
online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIE.2016.2518118
0278-0046 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
[4][6]. Interleaved converters can achieve high step-up or step-
down conversion ratio with low-voltage stress, while their oper-
ating mode, converter structure, and control strategy are com-
plicated [7][10]. Quadratic converters can achieve the voltage
gain of cascade converters with fewer switches; however, the
efficiency of these converters are low [11], [12]. Additionally,
some switched networks are added into the basic converters to
obtain the high-voltage step-up or step-down gain, at the price
of complicating construction and increasing cost [13][23].
Compared with the above-mentioned converter topologies
which can only step-up or step-down voltage, the voltage
bucking/boosting converters, which can regulate output voltage
under wider range of input voltage or load variations, are pop-
ular with the applications such as portable electronic devices,
car electronic devices, and so on. The traditional buckboost
converter with simple structure and high efficiency, as we all
known, has the drawbacks such as limited voltage gain, neg-
ative output voltage, and floating power switch, meanwhile
discontinuous input and output currents. The other three basic
nonisolated converters: 1) Cuk converter; 2) Sepic converter;
and 3) Zeta converter, which also have the peculiarity of step-up
and step-down voltage, have been provided. However, the lim-
its of the voltage gain along with other disadvantages in Cuk,
Sepic, and Zeta converters are also nonignorable. The quadratic
buckboost converter, proposed by Maksimovic and Cuk in
[24], has one common-ground power switch; meanwhile, it can
achieve the voltage gain D2 /(1 D)2 . However, due to the
diodes D1 and D2 clamp the output voltage to the input voltage
while the duty cycle is bigger than 0.5, so that this converter
can only work in step-down mode. By combining KY converter
and the traditional synchronously rectified buck converter, Hwu
and Peng proposed a new buckboost converter [25] which
can realize the continuous output current, positive output volt-
age, continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation all the time,
and no right-half plane zero. Unfortunately, its voltage gain of
two multiplies the duty cycle (2D) is not sufficiently high or
low in the situation where the converter needs to operate in a
wide range of output voltage. Moreover, based on the Cuk con-
verter, a new buckboost converter, which has the low output
voltage ripple, minimal radio frequency interference, and one
common-ground power switch, is proposed in [26]. However, as
a seventh-order circuit, the converter has complex construction,
and both its input terminal and output terminal do not share the
same ground. Besides, the voltage gain is still limited. In [27], a
boostbuck cascade converter, aggregating two separated con-
verters with current source and current sink, is applied for the
thermoelectric generator. Nevertheless, the voltage gain of this
cascade converter is also constrained.
2966 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 63, NO. 5, MAY 2016

Vgs1,Vgs2

t
VS1 Vin
1 D
t
VS2 1
V0
D
t
VD1
Vin
1 D
Fig. 1. Proposed transformerless buckboost converter. t
VD0 1
V0
D
t
Especially, in order to obtain high-voltage step-up or step- iin
down gain, these converters must be operating under extremely t
high or low duty cycle, and this point is too hard to realize due iL1
to the practical constraints. Hence, exploring new topology of
t
buckboost converter to overcome the drawbacks of the con- iL2
ventional ones for satisfying the increasingly requirements in
t
industrial applications is very important and valuable. NT
(N+D)T
In this study, by inserting an additional switched network (N+1)T

into the traditional buckboost converter, a new transformerless Fig. 2. Typical time-domain waveforms for the proposed buckboost
buckboost converter is proposed. The main merit of the pro- converter operating in CCM.
posed buckboost converter is that its voltage gain is quadratic
of the traditional buckboost converter, so that it can operate
in a wide range of output voltage, i.e., the proposed buck
boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without
extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this new
transformerless buckboost converter is common-ground with
the input voltage, and its polarity is positive.
This paper is organized as follows. In Section II, the structure
of the new transformerless buckboost converter is presented
in detail. The basic operating principles in CCM and the corre-
sponding analyses are provided in Section III. The small-signal
model is derived in Section IV. Comparisons among the tra-
ditional converters and the proposed buckboost converter are
shown in Section V. The PSIM simulations are presented for
confirmation preliminary in Section VI. The circuit experimen-
tal results are showed in Section VII. Some concluding remarks
and comments are given in Section VIII. Finally, the effects
of parasitic elements on the proposed buckboost converter are
presented in Appendix.

Fig. 3. Equivalent circuits of the proposed buckboost converter in two

II. P ROPOSED C ONVERTER S TRUCTURE
Fig. 1 shows the circuit configuration of the new trans-
formerless buckboost converter, which consists of two power
switches (S1 and S2 ), two diodes (D1 and D0 ), two inductors
(L1 and L2 ), two capacitors (C1 and C0 ), and one resistive
load R. Power switches S1 and S2 are controlled synchronously.
According to the state of the power switches and diodes, some
typical time-domain waveforms for this new transformerless
buckboost converter operating in CCM are displayed in Fig. 2,
and the possible operation states for the proposed buckboost
converter are shown in Fig. 3. For Fig. 3(a), it denotes that the
power switches S1 and S2 are turned on, whereas the diodes
D1 and D0 do not conduct. Consequently, both the inductor L1
and the inductor L2 are magnetized, and both the charge pump
capacitor C1 and the output capacitor C0 are discharged. For
Fig. 3(b), it describes that the power switches S1 and S2 are
turned off while the diodes D1 and D0 conduct for its forward
possible states. (a) State 1. (b) State 2.
biased voltage. Hence, both the inductor L1 and the inductor L2
are demagnetized, and both the charge pump capacitor C1 and
the output capacitor C0 are charged.
Here, in order to simplify the circuit analyses and deduction,
we assumed that the converter operates in steady state, all com-
ponents are ideal, and all capacitors are large enough to keep
the voltage across them constant.
III. B ASIC O PERATING P RINCIPLES AND A NALYSES
A. Operating Principles
As shown in Fig. 3, there are two states, i.e., state 1 and
state 2, in the new transformerless buckboost converter when
it operates in CCM operation.
MIAO et al.: NEW TRANSFORMERLESS BUCKBOOST CONVERTER WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE 2967

State 1 (N T < t < (N + D)T ): During this time interval, The voltage stress of the two power switches (S1 and S2 ) and
the switches S1 and S2 are turned on, while D1 and D0 are two diodes (D1 and D0 ) can also be derived
reverse biased. From Fig. 3(a), it is seen that L1 is magnetized
1 1D
from the input voltage Vin while L2 is magnetized from the VS1 = Vin = V0 (8)
input voltage Vin and the charge pump capacitor C1 . Moreover, 1D D2
D 1
the output energy is supplied from the output capacitor C0 . VS2 = 2 Vin = D V0 (9)
Thus, the corresponding equations can be established as (1 D)
1 1D
VD1 = Vin = V0 (10)
VL1 = Vin (1) 1D D2
VL2 = Vin + VC1 . (2) D 1
VD0 = 2 Vin = D V0 . (11)
(1 D)
State 2 ((N + D)T < t < (N + 1)T ): During this time
interval, the switches S1 and S2 are turned off, while D1 and From (8) and (10), it can be seen that the voltage stress of
D0 are forward biased. From Fig. 3(b), it is seen that the energy the power switch S1 and the diode D1 are both equal to the
stored in the inductor L1 is released to the charge pump capac- voltage stress on the power switch in the traditional buckboost
itor C1 via the diode D1 . At the same time, the energy stored in converter with the same input voltage. Similarly, under the same
the inductor L2 is released to the charge pump capacitor C1 , the output voltage condition, from (9) and (11), it can be concluded
output capacitor C0 , and the resistive load R via the diodes D0 that the voltage stress of the power switch S2 and the diode D0
and D1 . The equations of the state 2 are described as follows: are the same as the voltage stress on the diode in the traditional
buckboost converter.
VL1 = VC1 (3)
VL2 = (VC1 + V0 ). (4)
C. Current Stress
If applying the voltage-second balance principle on the If the circuit loss is ignored, the input power and output
inductor L1 , then the voltage across the charge pump capacitor power can be described as Pin = P0 , namely,
C1 is readily obtained from (1) and (3) as
Vin Iin = V0 I0 . (12)
D
VC1 = Vin . (5)
1D Based on the voltage gain obtained in (6), the relationship
between the dc input current and the dc output current is
Here, D is the duty cycle, which represents the proportion of presented here
the power switches turn-on time to the whole switching cycle.
 2
Similarly, by using the voltage-second balance principle on I0 1D
the inductor L2 , the voltage gain of the proposed buckboost = . (13)
Iin D
converter can be obtained from (2), (4), and (5) as
 2 The Ohms law for the resistive load R is
V0 D
M= = . (6) V0 = RI0 .
Vin 1D (14)

From (6), it is apparent that the proposed buckboost con- By using the ampere-second balance principle on the output
verter can step-up the input voltage when the duty cycle is capacitor C0 , we can show that the dc current ID0 through the
bigger than 0.5, and step-down the input voltage when the duty diode D0 , equals I0 . Accordingly, the relationship among the
cycle is smaller than 0.5. dc currents IL1 , IL2 , Iin , and I0 can be depicted as follows:

Iin = D (IL1 + IL2 ) (15)

B. Voltage Stress I0 = (1 D)IL2 . (16)
The voltage across the charge pump capacitor C1 can be From (6), (13)(16), the following equations can be yielded:
expressed as
D2 (2D 1)Vin
D 1D IL1 = 4 (17)
VC1 = Vin = V0 . (7) (1 D) R
1D D
D2 Vin
IL2 = 3 . (18)
Obviously, VC1 is less than the input voltage in step-down (1 D) R
mode, and less than the output voltage in step-up mode.
Consequently, the voltage stress on the charge pump capaci- We can get the conclusion from (17) that the negative induc-
tor C1 is small so that we can choose the small-sized capacitor tor current of L1 will appear in step-down mode, i.e., the duty
which have small parasitic resistor to reduce the power loss. cycle is smaller than 0.5.
2968 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 63, NO. 5, MAY 2016

The current stress of the two power switches (S1 and S2 ) and inductor current iL1 is continuous and only take the inductor
two diodes (D1 and D0 ) is L2 as an example. The dc current of the inductor L2 is
D4 Vin Vin + VC1
IS1 = D(IL1 + IL2 ) = (19) IL2 = DTS . (27)
(1 D) R
4 2L2
D3 Vin In addition, defining the normalized inductor time constant
IS2 = DIL2 = 3 (20)
(1 D) R on the inductor L2 as
D3 Vin L2 f S
ID1 = (1 D) (IL1 + IL2 ) = 3 (21) L2 = . (28)
(1 D) R R
D2 Vin From (5), (6), (14), (16), and (27), then, the boundary
ID0 = (1 D)IL2 = 2 . (22)
(1 D) R condition about the inductor L2 can be derived as
2
From (19) to (22), it is found that the current stress of the (1 D)
L2B = . (29)
power switch S2 and the diode D1 is both equal to the current 2D
stress on the power switch in the traditional buckboost con- It is clear from (28) and (29) that when L2 > L2B , the
verter with the same output current, and the current stress of proposed buckboost converter operates in CCM. Otherwise,
the diode D0 equals to I0 is the same as the current stress on it operates in DCM.
the diode in the traditional buckboost converter, whereas the
current stress on S1 in the proposed buckboost converter is
high. G. Efficiency Analyses
To simplify calculating, the voltage and current ripples across
D. Current Ripples of Inductors the inductors and the capacitors are ignored. rDS1 and rDS2 are
the MOSFETs (S1 and S2 ) ON-resistances. VF 1 and VF 0 are the
The ripples of the inductor current iL1 and iL2 can be given diodes (D1 and D0 ) threshold voltage. rL1 , rL2 , rC1 , and rC0
as are the equivalent series resistances of the inductors (L1 and
VL1 DVin L2 ) and the capacitors (C1 and C0 ), respectively.
iL1 = DTS = (23) The switches conduction losses can be calculated as follows:
L1 L1 f s
VL2 DVin
iL2 = DTS = (24) PSW(cond) = IS1(rms) 2 rDS1 + IS2(rms) 2 rDS2
L2 (1 D)L2 fs
D3 P0 rDS1 DP0 rDS2
where fs is the switching frequency. = 4 + 2 . (30)
(1 D) R (1 D) R
If the inductor current ripple, the input voltage Vin , the duty
cycle D, and the switching frequency fs are known, the induc- The switches commutation losses are
tance of L1 and L2 can be calculated from (23) and (24), 1 1
so that the appropriate inductors can be selected in practical PSW(off) = IS1 VS1 toff1 fs + IS2 VS2 toff2 fs
2 2
engineering.
1 D2 V0 (1 D)V0 1 DV0 V0
= 2 2
toff1 fs + toff2 fs .
2 (1 D) R D 2 (1 D)R D
E. Voltage Ripples of Capacitors (31)
The ripples of the voltage across the capacitors C1 and C0 , The diodes conduction losses can be derived as follows:
i.e., vC1 and vC0 are
Q DVo PD = VF 1 ID1 + VF 0 ID0
vC1 = = (25) D
C (1 D)RC1 fs = VF 1 I 0 + VF 0 I 0 . (32)
Q DV0 1D
vC0 = = . (26)
C RC0 fs The inductors losses are
If the capacitor voltage ripples, the output voltage V0 , the PL = IL1(rms) 2 rL1 + IL2(rms) 2 rL2
duty cycle D, the resistive load R, and the switching frequency 2
fs are known, the capacitance of C1 and C0 can be calculated (2D 1) P0 rL1 P0 rL2
= 4 + 2 . (33)
based on (25) and (26). (1 D) R (1 D) R
The capacitors losses are
F. Boundary Condition
PC = IC1(rms) 2 rC1 + IC0(rms) 2 rC0
For a converter operating in the boundary condition mode
DP0 rC1 DP0 rC0
(BCM), the current of inductor just reduces to zero at the end = 3 + . (34)
of each switching cycle. Note that, here, we assume that the (1 D) R (1 D)R
MIAO et al.: NEW TRANSFORMERLESS BUCKBOOST CONVERTER WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE 2969

TABLE I
C OMPARISONS A MONG THE C ONVERTERS

Fig. 5. PSIM simulations for the proposed buckboost converter oper-

ating in step-up mode. (a) v0 , vC1 , and vg . (b) iL1 , iL2 , and vg .

From (30) to (34), the losses of the proposed buckboost

converter can be calculated. Based on calculated losses, the
efficiency can be derived from (35).

(a) IV. S MALL -S IGNAL M ODELING

As shown in Section III and the circuit theory, the equations
for describing the state 1 can be derived as follows:



diL1
= Lvin1
didtL2
vin +vC1
dt = L2 (36)


dvC1
= iL2
dt
dv0 = v0 .
C1
dt C0 R

In state 2, the corresponding differential equations are

dt = L1
diL1 vC1

diL2 = vC1 +v0
dt L2 (37)
iL1 +iL2
dt = C1
dvC1

dv0 = iL2 v0 .
dt C0 C0 R

Fig. 4. Comparisons about the voltage gain among the traditional buck
According to the average method [28], (36), (37), the average
boost converter, the KY buckboost converter, and the proposed buck model of the proposed buckboost converter operating in CCM
boost converter. (a) Step-up mode. (b) Step-down mode. can be obtained as follows:
diL1  vin  vC1 
dt = L1 d L1 (1 d)


Thus, the efficiency can be calculated as follows: diL2  = vin  d + vC1  (2d 1) v0  (1 d)
dt L2 L2 L2
(38)
P0 dvdtC1  = iCL1  (1 d) + iCL2  (1 2d)

= . (35)
dv0  iL2 
1
v0 
1

P0 + PSW(cond) + PSW(off) + PD + PL + PC dt = C0 (1 d) C0 R
2970 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 63, NO. 5, MAY 2016

Fig. 7. Experimental circuit for the proposed buckboost converter.

Based on this transfer function, the small signal dynamic

behaviors of the proposed buckboost converter can be ana-
Fig. 6. PSIM simulations for the proposed buckboost converter oper- lyzed.
ating in step-down mode. (a) v0 , vC1 , and vg . (b) iL1 , iL2 , and vg .

where iL1 , iL2 , vC1 , v0 , and vin  are the average val- V. C OMPARISONS
ues of iL1 , iL2 , vC1 , v0 , and vin , respectively, and d is the duty Table I shows the comparisons about the number of compo-
cycle. nents, the voltage gain, the voltage stress, and the complexity
Then, the perturbations are added as follows: of small-signal models among the traditional buckboost con-


iL1  = IL1 + iL1
iL1  IL1 verter [3], the KY buckboost converter [25], and the proposed


buckboost converter. The curves of the voltage gain against the

i  = IL2 + iL2
i  IL2
L2 L2 duty cycle among these three converters are shown in Fig. 4.
vC1  = VC1 + vC1 vC1  VC1
with . (39) For the step-up mode as shown in Fig. 4(a), the voltage gain

v 0  = V 0 + v 0
v0  V0


of the proposed buckboost converter is the maximum one. For

v  = Vin + vin
v  Vin
in in the step-down mode as shown in Fig. 4(b), the proposed buck
d=D+d dD
boost converters step-down gain is the minimum one. In other
Substituting (39) into (38), separating the perturbations out, words, under the same input voltage, the proposed buckboost
omitting the higher order small signal terms, and using the converter can operate in a wide range of output voltage.
Laplace transform, the control to output transfer function can In general, comparing to the traditional buckboost converter
be derived as follows: and the KY buckboost converter, the proposed buckboost
b0 s 3 + b 1 s 2 + b 2 s + b 3 converter has the best performance.
Gvd (s) = (40)
a0 s4+ a1 s 3 + a2 s 2 + a3 s + a4
where VI. PSIM S IMULATIONS

a 0 = L1 L2 C 1 C 0 R

Based on the PSIM software [29] and Fig. 1, the simulation

a 1 = L1 L2 C 1 circuit of the new transformerless buckboost converter can

a2 = L2 C0 R(1D)2 +L1 C0 R(12D)2 +L1 C1 R(1D)2 be constructed for the PSIM simulations to confirm the afore-

a3 = L2 (1 D)2 + L1 (1 2D)2 mentioned analyses in Section III preliminary. Note that circuit

a4 = R(1 D)4 parameters here are chosen as: Vin = 18 V, fs = 20 kHz, D =

b0 = L1 L2 C1 RIL2 0.40.6, L1 = 1 mH, L2 = 3 mH, C1 = 10 F, C0 = 20 F,

b1 = L1 C1 R(Vin + V0 + 2VC1 )(1 D)

R = 30150 . Fig. 5 shows the time-domain waveforms of

b2 = L2 R(1 D)2 IL2 L1 R(1 2D)2 IL2

the output voltage v0 , the charge pump capacitor voltage vC1 ,

+L1 R(IL1 2IL2 )(1 D)(2D 1) the currents of the two inductors L1 and L2 , and the driving

b3 = R(Vin + V0 + 2VC1 )(1 D)3

signal vg for the new transformerless buckboost converter

+R(Vin + VC1 )(1 D)2 (2D 1). operating in step-up mode when the duty cycle is 0.6. Since the
MIAO et al.: NEW TRANSFORMERLESS BUCKBOOST CONVERTER WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Fig. 8. Experimental time-domain waveforms for the proposed buck
boost converter operating in step-up mode (time: 50 s/div). (a) v0
(20 V/div), vC1 (25 V/div), and vg (10 V/div). (b) iL1 (1 A/div), iL2
(1 A/div), and vg (10 V/div).
two power switches conduct synchronously, only one driving
signal vg is chose. From Fig. 5, one can obtain that the charge
pump capacitor voltage vC1 is within (25.8 V, 27.8 V), the out-
put voltage v0 is within (40.2 V, 40.6 V), the inductor current
iL1 is within (0.07 A, 0.61 A), and the inductor current iL2 is
within (0.45 A, 0.90 A). Moreover, the ripples of the inductor
current iL1 and the inductor current iL2 are 0.54 and
0.45 A, respectively. Additionally, the ripples of the two capac-
itors vC1 and vC0 are 2 and 0.4 V, respectively. From (5),
(6), (17), (18), and (23)(26), the theoretical results are VC1 =
27 V, V0 = 40.5 V, IL1 = 0.34 A, IL2 = 0.68 A, iL1 = 0.54
A, iL2 = 0.45 A, vC1 = 2 V, vC0 = 0.4 V, respectively.
For the proposed buckboost converter operating in step-
down mode when the duty cycle is choosing as 0.4, Fig. 6
displays the time-domain waveforms of the output voltage
v0 , the charge pump capacitor voltage vC1 , the currents of
the two inductors L1 and L2 , and the driving signal vg .
It is clearly seen that the charge pump capacitor voltage
vC1 , the output voltage v0 , the inductor current iL1 , and the
inductor current iL2 are within (11.44 V, 12.32 V), (7.77 V,
8.04 V), (0.33 A, 0.03 A) and (0.34 A, 0.54 A), respectively.
Moreover, the ripples of the inductor current iL1 and the
inductor current iL2 are 0.36 and 0.2 A, respectively. The
ripples of the two capacitors vC1 and vC0 are 0.88 and
0.27 V, respectively. Similarly, the theoretical calculations
from (5), (6), (17), (18), and (23)(26) are VC1 = 12 V, V0 =
2971
Fig. 9. Experimental time-domain waveforms for the proposed buck
boost converter operating in step-down mode (time: 50 s/div). (a) v0
(5 V/div), vC1 (10 V/div), and vg (10 V/div). (b) iL1 (500 mA/div), iL2
(500 mA/div), and vg (10 V/div).
8 V, IL1 = 0.15 A, IL2 = 0.44 A, iL1 = 0.36 A, iL2 =
0.2 A, vC1 = 0.89 V, vC0 = 0.27 V, separately.
From the above comparisons, one can see that the PSIM
simulations and the theoretical calculations are coinciding with
each other, and they demonstrate the correctness of the theoret-
ical analyses.
VII. C IRCUIT E XPERIMENTS
In order to validate the effectiveness of the new trans-
formerless buckboost converter, we construct the prototype
circuit as shown in Fig. 7. In the experiments, the power
switches S1 and S2 are realized by the HEXFET power MOS -
FET IRFP264, the diodes D1 and D0 by the switch mode
rectifier MUR810, the other circuit parameters are chose as
the same with the PSIM simulations in Section VI. In addi-
tion, the photocoupler TLP250 is employed to generate the
isolated driving signal for the two floating power switches
S1 and S2 . In this driving circuit, VD = 15 V, Cn1 = 0.1 F,
Cn2 = 0.1 F, R1 = 1.5 k, R2 = 1.5 k, R3 = 20 , R4 =
20 . Here, one should pay particular attention that there exist
three different ground signals in the circuit, i.e., N, M, and
P. N represents the ground of the power stage, and M and
P stand for the ground of the two dc power supplies for the
two TLP250, respectively. The high-voltage differential probe
P5200A is used to detect the output voltage v0 , the charge
2972
Fig. 10. Calculations, simulations, and experiments about efficiencies
of the proposed buckboost converter. (a) Efficiencies versus the output
currents in step-up mode. (b) Efficiencies versus the output currents in
step-down mode. (c) Efficiencies versus the duty cycle.
pump capacitor voltage vC1 , and the driving signal vg , the cur-
rent probe Tektronix A622 to detect the inductor currents iL1
and iL2 , and the digital oscilloscope GDS3254 to capture the
measured time-domain waveforms in the probes.
Figs. 8 and 9 show the experimental time-domain waveforms
in step-up and step-down modes, separately. Figs. 8(a) and 9(a)
display the time-domain waveforms of the output voltage v0 ,
the charge pump capacitor voltage vC1 , and the driving sig-
nal vg in step-up and step-down modes, respectively. Figs. 8(b)
and 9(b) show the current waveforms of two inductors L1 and
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 63, NO. 5, MAY 2016
Fig. 11. Dynamic behaviors of the proposed buckboost converter in
step-up mode due to the load change from 142.9 to 200 . (Top: v0 ,
middle: iL2 , bottom: vg .) (a) Time (2 ms/div), v0 (20 V/div), iL2 (1 A/div),
vg (10 V/div). (b) Time (200 s/div), v0 (20 V/div), iL2 (1 A/div), vg
(10 V/div).
L2 , and the driving signal vg in step-up and step-down modes,
respectively.
By comparing Fig. 8(a) with Fig. 5(a), Fig. 8(b) with
Fig. 5(b), Fig. 9(a) with Fig. 6(a), and Fig. 9(b) with Fig. 6(b),
all those graphs coincide with each other. It is again confirmed
that the new transformerless buckboost converter is suitable
for the practical applications requiring high- or low-voltage
gain.
The ON-resistance and turn-off delay time of IRFP264
are 75 m and 25 ns, respectively. The threshold voltage of
MUR810 is 0.975 V. The ESR of inductors and capacitors mea-
sured by the TH2816 broadband LCR digital electric bridge
are rL1 = 0.18 , rL2 = 0.1 , rC1 = 0.063 , and rC0 =
0.032 , respectively. Based on the data mentioned above and
the part G in Section III, the calculations, simulations, and
experiments about efficiencies of the proposed buckboost con-
verter are shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 10(a) and (b) displays the
efficiencies versus the output currents in step-up mode when
the duty cycle is 0.6 and step-down mode when the duty cycle
is 0.4, respectively. Fig. 10(c) shows the efficiencies versus the
duty cycle from 0.35 to 0.65 with I0 = 0.27 A. From Fig. 10,
MIAO et al.: NEW TRANSFORMERLESS BUCKBOOST CONVERTER WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE 2973

In order to obtain a stable output voltage, the propor-

tional integral (PI) controller is applied for the proposed
buckboost converter, and the dynamic behaviors are also
carried out. Figs. 11(a) and 12(a) show the dynamic behav-
iors due to the load change from 142.9 to 200 in step-up
mode and from 14.29 to 20 in step-down mode, respectively.
Figs. 11(b) and 12(b) show their respective close-up views.
From these diagrams, it is clearly that the proposed buckboost
converter has good dynamic response.

VIII. C ONCLUSION
This paper has proposed a new transformerless buckboost
converter as a fourth-order circuit, which realizes the optimiza-
tion between the topology construction and the voltage gain
to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional buckboost con-
verter. The operating principles, steady-state analyses, small
signal modeling, and comparisons with other converters are
presented. From the theoretical analyses, the PSIM simula-
tions, and the circuit experiments, it is proved that the new
transformerless buckboost converter possesses the merits such
as high step-up/step-down voltage gain, positive output volt-
age, simple construction, and simple control strategy. Hence,
the proposed buckboost converter is suitable for the industrial
applications requiring high step-up or step-down voltage gain.

Fig. 12. Dynamic behaviors of the proposed buckboost converter in
step-down mode due to the load change from 14.29 to 20 . (Top: v0 ,
middle: iL2 , bottom: vg .) (a) Time (2 ms/div), v0 (10 V/div), iL2 (1 A/div),
vg (10 V/div). (b) Time (200 s/div), v0 (10 V/div), iL2 (1 A/div), vg
(10 V/div).
it is obvious that the efficiency in step-up mode is higher than
step-down mode and the experimental highest efficiency can be
reached 92.05%.
A PPENDIX
Fig. 13 shows the simplified circuit with parasitic parameters.
Here, rDS1 , rDS2 , rD1 , rD0 , rL1 , rL2 are the parasitic parame-
ters of the MOSFETs (S1 and S2 ), the diodes (D1 and D0 ), and
the inductors (L1 and L2 ), respectively. VD1 and VD0 are the
diodes threshold voltage. Then, the equations of inductor volt-
age with parasitic parameters can be derived as in (A1) and
(A2), which are shown at the bottom of the page.
Applying the voltage-second balance principle on the induc-
tor L1 , the voltage across the charge pump capacitor C1 with
parasitic parameters can be derived in (A3), which is shown at
the bottom of the page.

VL1 = Vin IS1 rDS1 IL1 rL1


= (1D)4 Vin RD4 Vin rDS14D2 (2D1)Vin rL1
(1D) R
(A1)

V L2 = V in I S1 rDS1 IL2 rL2 IS2 rDS2 + VC1

(1D)4 Vin R+(1D)4 VC1 RD4 Vin rDS1 D2 (1D)Vin rL2 D3 (1D)Vin rDS2
= (1D)4 R

VL1 = IL1 rL1 VC1 ID1 rD1 VD1


= D2 (2D1)Vin rL1 (1D)4 VC1 RD 3
(1D)Vin rD1 (1D)4 VD1 R
(1D)4 R
(A2)

VL2 = IL2 rL2 VD0 ID0 rD0 V0 VC1 VD1 ID1 rD1

D2 (1D)Vin rL2 (1D)4 VD0 RD2 (1D)2 Vin rD0 (1D)4 V0 R(1D)4 VC1 R(1D)4 VD1 RD3 (1D)Vin rD1
= (1D)4 R

4 2 5
(1 D) DVin R D5 Vin rDS1 D2 (2D 1)Vin rL1 D3 (1 D) Vin rD1 (1 D) VD1 R
VC1 = 5 (A3)
(1 D) R
2974
V0 =
D(1D)4 RVinD 5 Vin rDS1 D 2 (1D)Vin rL2 (1D)D 4 Vin rDS2 +(2D1)(1D)4 RVC1 (1D)5 R(VD0 +VD1 )D 2 (1D)3 Vin rD0D 3 (1D)2 Vin rD1
(1D)5 R
V0
M = =
Vin
(1D)4 D 2 RD 6 rDS1 D 4 (1D)2 rDS2 D 4 (1D)2 rD1 D 2 (1D)4 rD0D 2 (2D1)2 rL1 D 2 (1D)2 rL2
(1D)6 R
Fig. 13. Simplified circuit of the proposed buckboost converter with
parasitic parameters.
Similarly, using the voltage-second balance principle on the
inductor L2 , the output voltage V0 with parasitic parameters can
be derived in (A4), which is shown at the top of the page.
Simplifying (A4), the voltage gain with parasitic parameters
can be obtained in (A5), which is shown at the top of the page.
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Shan Miao was born in Shaanxi, China, in 1989.
She received the B.S. degree in communica-
tion engineering from Northwestern University,
Xian, China, in 2012. She is currently working
toward the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering
at Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China.
Her research interests include the construc-
tion, modeling, and control of power converter
topologies.
MIAO et al.: NEW TRANSFORMERLESS BUCKBOOST CONVERTER WITH POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Faqiang Wang (M11) received the B.S.
degree in automation from Xiangtan University,
Xiangtan, China, in 2003, and the M.S. and
Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from
Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China, in 2006
and 2009, respectively.
From 2009 to 2011, he was a Lecturer
with the School of Electrical Engineering, Xian
Jiaotong University, where he has been an
Associate Professor since 2011. His research
interests include modeling, analysis, and control
of power electronics.
2975
Xikui Ma was born in Shaanxi, China, in
1958. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees
in electrical engineering from Xian Jiaotong
University, Xian, China, in 1982 and 1985,
respectively.
In 1985, he joined, as a Lecturer, the
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong
University, where he became a Professor in
1992. During the academic year 19941995, he
was a Visiting Scientist at the Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. He has authored/coauthored more
than 140 scientific and technical papers on his research subjects,
and is also the author of five books in the electromagnetic fields. His
research interests include electromagnetic field theory and its appli-
cations, analytical and numerical methods in solving electromagnetic
problems, chaotic dynamics and applications in power electronics, and
applications of digital control to power electronics.