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Faith based Sustainability


The Ethic of Eco-Theology and
the Spirit of Natural Capitalism

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The Purpose of this presentation is to try to
show, The ethic of eco-theology can promote
natural capitalism and achieve green economy
(steady state, low carbon, sound material
circulation, flourishing within limits etc.).

2
Ecological Civilization
The ethic of eco-theology can promote natural capitalism
Summary
and create a graceful simple-living lifestyle based on the
advanced science and technology.
World Religions Eco-theology Eco-theological Approaches
(1) Ethics panel, Science
Bah Faith Panels, Earth law
Buddhism (2) Green Economy
Christianity Environmental ethics Tax bads (depletion and
Consensus for pollution)
Confucianism (3) Industrial Metabolism
Hindunism Sustainability of
Ecodesign, Eco-Indsutrial-
Islamism Biosphere and Park, Eco-city
Judaism human civilization (4) Corporate Social
Responsibility
Taoism
(5) Ethical and Green Market
 Green Purchasing and
Eco-philosophy,
Environmental Science, Investment
etc. (6) Simple living, Eco-Culture
3
Well designed infrastructure
Part 1

What is
Sustainable Development ?

4
Part 1 What is Sustainable Development (SD) ?
1-1. Definition of SD by Bruntland Report
1-2. Early Thoughts on Sustainable Society
Steady State Economy by Herman Daly
The Four System Conditions by Karl-Henrik Robert
1-3. Recent Thoughts on Sustainable Society
Resource Productivity by F. Schmidt-Bleek
Prosperity without Growth by Tim Jackson
1-4. A Call to Integrate Faith, Ecology and the Global Economy
1-5. Humanity has already transgressed at least three Planetary Boundaries
1-6. Recent Status of Global Warming
Dangerous Climate Change
Extreme Weather Events
4C Global Warming by 2060
Emission Pathway needed to keep 2C target
1-7. Decoupling Status of Metal Consumption from Economic Growth
1-8. Three Different Scenarios for Resource Use Up to 2050
1-9. IEA Strategy for 2C/450ppm by 2030
1-10. Full solar Supply of Industrialized Countries The Example Japan
1-11. We need new MAD Strategies. 
5
Natural science perspective
planetary boundaries
risk of tipping points
very limited global carbon budget in order to keep the 2C climate
target (750 GtCO2 exhausted in 20 years)

Social perspective
Over 2billion people living on less than $2 a day
1.6billion people today without access to electricity
900million people without access to transportation
1.8million deaths per year due to lack of sanitation, poor hygiene,
and unsafe drinking water

Great Transformation :
Comprehensive societal, economic and cultural change is needed
6
OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050:
The Consequences of Inaction March 2012
By 2050, without new policies,
!A word economy four times larger than today is projected to need 80% more
energy in 2050 without new policy action.
!Global energy mix in 2050 will not differ significantly from today, with the share
of fossil energy at about 85%, renewables including biofuels just over 10%, and the
balance nuclear.
!To feed a growing population with changing dietary preference, agricultural land is
projected to expand globally in the next decade to match the increase in food
demand, but at a diminishing rate.
!Global greenhouse gas emissions projected to increase by 50%, primary due to a
70% growth in energy-related CO2 emissions.
!Globally, terrestrial biodiversity as measured as mean species abundance is
projected to decrease by a further 10% by 2050, with significant losses in Asia,
Europe and Southern Africa.
!Globally, mature forest areas are projected to shrink by 13%.
!Freshwater availability will be further strained with 2.3 billion more people than
today (in total over 40% of the global population) projected to be living in river
basins under severe water stress, especially in North and South Africa, and South and
7
Central Asia. etc.
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The environment does not exist as a sphere separate from human
actions, ambitions, and needs, and attempts to defend it in
isolation from human concerns have given the very word
environment a connotation of naivet in some political circles.
The word development has also been narrowed by some into a
very limited focus, along the lines of what poor nations should
do to become richer, and thus again is automatically dismissed
by many in the international arena as being a concern of
specialists, of those involved in questions of development
assistance.
But the environment is where we all live; and
development is what we all do in attempting to improve
our lot within that abode. The two are inseparable.
Bruntland Report

9
Early Thoughts on Sustainable Society

Herman E. Daly
Steady State Economics

Karl Henrik-Robert
The Natural Step 10
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Discussions for Economic Growth

! Economy is a subset of ecology.


! Economic wealth is just one of many factors in human happiness.
We all need to have our basic needs met, but once we have enough, any further
wealth is irrelevant.
Growth becomes like an arms race in which the two sides cancel each others gains.
The quantitative expansion of the economic subsystem increases environmental and
social costs faster than production benefits.
! Growth is unevenly distributed.
! There is nowhere left to grow.
We have lived for 200 years in growth economy.
According to the famous Limits to Growth study in 1972, If the present growth
trends in world population, industrialization, pollution, food production, and
resource depletion continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet will
be reached around 2020.
We can not have unlimited economic growth and a stable climate or healthy
ecosystems at the same time.

13
Discussions for Sustainable Economy

! To slow and eventually begin to reverse material growth


thats the throughput of resources, as inputs into the economy and outputs as
waste.
! Factor 10 times of increase in the resource productivity is needed.
! Tax bads (depletion and pollution) and, not goods (income, value
added)
! Changing what we value
from GDP to ISEW (Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare),
GNH (Gross National Happiness), GPI etc.
! The rich should reduce their throughput growth to free up resources
and ecological space for use by the poor, while focusing their domestic
efforts on developments, that can be freely shared with poor countries.

14
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I=Impact
P=Population

Prof. Dr. Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek


President Factor 10 Institute by 2050
in order to keep the impact at the 1990 level.
16
Dematerialization
!Dematerialization refers to the absolute or relative reduction in the
quantity of materials required to serve economic functions in
society. Dematerialization means doing more with less.
!Dematerialization is Decarbonization (after F. Schmid-Bleek)
!Eco-industrial park (EIP) is an industrial symbiosis network where
companies in a region collaborate to use each others by-products
and otherwise share resources. EIP can contribute to
Dematerialization.
!Servicizing refers to selling a service or function rather than a
product. Actual ownership of the product remains with the supplier,
and customers pay for use and maintenance.
!Producing performance, selling and buying performance, and
maintaining performance overtime (after Walter R. Stahel).

17
Recent thoughts on Sustainable Society
Prosperity without growth ? by Tim Jackson
12 Steps to a Sustainable Economy

Building a Sustainable Macro-Economy


1.Developing macro-economic capability
2.Investing in public assets and infrastructures
3.Increasing financial and fiscal prudence
4.Reforming macro-economic accounting

Protecting Capabilities for flourishing


5.Sharing the available work and improving the work-life balance
6.Tackling systemic inequality
7.Measuring human and social capital
8.Strengthening human and social capital
9.Reversing the culture of consumerism

Respecting Ecological Limits


10.Imposing clearly defined resource/emissions caps
11.Implementing fiscal reform for sustainability
12.Promoting technology transfer and international ecosystem protection. 18
A Call to Integrate Faith,
Ecology and the Global Economy
November 12, 2009
Endorsed by 74 Religious Organizations and NGOs

As hope-filled people, we stand in awe of Earths goodness and its capacity to


provide abundant life for all Gods creation. We recognize our interconnection with
Earth-with air, water, land, plants and other creatures. We recognize the dignity of the
human person as an individual and as part of a community. We embrace our power
and responsibility to create a human economy that fits within Earths ecological
boundaries, more authentically serves human needs and builds community.

We envision:
A new economic model that embodies social and ecological values bound by Earths
biophysical limits. etc.
(1)Paradigm shift in mindset and values.
This will entail change from a focus on material goods to holistic well-being; from
excess to sufficiency; from exclusion to inclusion; from competition to
cooperationetc.
(2)Public policies for an economy of right relationship,
19
(3)An economy of thriving and resilient communities..
By Dave Griggs
20 
(Climate Change, Biodiversity loss and Biogeo-chemical flow boundary)
ref. Planetary Boundaries, Johan Rockstroem et al, Ecology and Society 2009
Earth System Process Planetary Boundary
Atmospheric CO2 Concentration, 350ppm
1. Climate Change
(350-550ppm)

Sustain more than 80% of the preindustrial


2. Ocean Acidification aragonite saturation
State of mean surface ocean

3. Stratospheric ozone depletion less than 5% reduction from pre-industrial level

4. Atmospheric aerosol loading to be determined


P < 10 !(10!-100!)
Biogeo-chemical flows:
5. N : Limit industrial and agricultural fixation of N2 to
Interference with P and N cycles
35 MtNyr-1
6. Global freshwater use less than 4,000km3yr-1
less than 15% of global ice free land surface
7. Land system change
converted to cropland
8. Biodiversity loss less than 10 E/MSy
21
9. Chemical Pollution to be determined
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Melting of
Mountain Glaciers

Courtesy of Glacier Works

1921
1
Courtesy of the Royal Geographical Society

2007
28
Dangerous Climate Change
Reasons for concern (IPCC AR3, AR4)
(1) Risk to unique and threatened systems
coral reefs, tropical mountain glaciers, endangered species etc.
(2) Risk of extreme weather events
heat waves, floods, droughts, wildfires, hurricanes
(3) Disparities of impacts and vulnerabilities
disproportionate harm to developing countries and the poor in
developed countries
(4) Aggregate damages
net global market damages
(5) Risks of large-scale discontinuities
rapid sea-level rise, ocean acidification etc.

Hansen et al (2007) conclude


identification of dangerous effects is partly subjective, but we find
evidence that added global warming of more than 1C above the level in
2000 has effect that may be highly disruptive. 29
Etream Weather Events
Jun 06 2011 

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Russias 2010 July Heat Record
Study Finds 80% of Chance Russias 2010 July Heat Record Would Not Have
Occurred Without Climate Warming.
Probability of July average temperature anomalies in Moscow, Russia since 1950. The image
shows that the average temperature in Moscow for July 2010 was significantly hotter than in
any year since 1950. 

35
Source: Climate Central
Huge iceberg breaks off Greenland glacier

Ice Island Calves off Petermann Glacier

Image acquired July 28, 2010. Image acquired Aug. 5, 2010.

36
Source: NASA
Crack in Pine Island Glacier

February, 2012 37


March 2011 Japan Tsunami broke off icebergs in Antarctica

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02@4./),0(,A79.R,
(m,;.759,)*9A9752,
.,+9/)2C+979,
.D.'$

38
Source: boston.com

Pakistan Floods

A man marooned by flood waters, alongside


his livestock, waves towards an Army
helicopter for relief handouts in the Rajanpur
district of Pakistan's Punjab province on
August 9, 2010. 39
Australias Queensland faces biblical flood
BBC News, 1 January 2011
A senior official has described the
flooding in Queensland, Australia, as
a disaster of "biblical proportions".

Rockhampton, where 77,000 people


for impact, amid warnings of 30ft
(9m) floodwaters. More than 20
other towns have already been left
cut off or flooded across an area
larger than France and Germany.
At least six river systems across
Queensland have broken their
banks. The floods have affected
about 200,000 people, and many
have been evacuated.
There are concerns that damage
could cost billions of Australian
dollars to repair.
In many ways, it is a disaster of
biblical proportions, State Treasurer
Andrew Fraser told journalists in the
flood-hit town of Bundaberg. 40
41
U.S Drought Monitor
(July 5, 2011)
Maps are released each Thursday at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time.

42
(Source: Drought Monitor)
=-W#'%.60)A"$%;#'%;&$%
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http://
tamunews.tamu.edu/
2011/04/07/

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43
.22922/940$
Climate Variability and Climate Change: The New Climate Dice

10 November 2011

J. Hansen, M. Sato. R. Ruedy

Abstract. The climate dice describing the chance of an unusually warm


or cool season, relative to the climatology of 1951-1980, have progressively
become more loaded during the past 30 years, coincident with increased
global warming. The most dramatic and important change of the climate dice
is the appearance of a new category of extreme climate outliers. These
extremes were practically absent in the period of climatology, covering much
less than 1% of Earths surface. Now summertime extremely hot outliers, more
than three standard deviations (") warmer than climatology, typically cover
about 10% of the land area. Thus there is no need to equivocate about the
summer heat waves in Texas in 2011 and Moscow in 2010, which exceeded 3"
it is nearly certain that they would not have occurred in the absence of
global warming. If global warming is not slowed from its current pace, by
mid-century 3! events will be the new norm and 5! events will be common.
44
After Praying for Rain, Texas Governor Rick Perry Prays for the EPA to Stop
Environmental Regulations. THINKPROGRESS

45
I, Rick Perry, Governor of Texas, under the authority vested in me by the
Constitution and Statutes of the State of Texas, do hereby proclaim the three-
day period from Friday, April 22,2011, to Sunday, April 24,2011, as Days of
Prayer for Rain in the State of Texas. I urge Texans of all faiths and traditions to
offer prayers on those days for the healing of our land, the rebuilding of our
communities and the restoration of our normal way of life.
Science cannot disprove the possibility of divine intervention. However,
there is a relevant saying that Heaven helps those who help themselves.
Science does show that business-as-usual fossil fuel emissions will cause
atmospheric CO2 to continue to increase rapidly. The increasing greenhouse
gases will cause the rapid global warming of the past three decades to continue,
and this warming will cause the climate dice to become more and more loaded
with greater and greater extreme events. The probability that this conclusion is
wrong is about as close to zero as one can get.

J. Hansen, M. Sato, R. Ruedy


NASA, USA

46
Area of the world covered by temperature anomalies in categories
defined as hot ( >0.43!), very hot (>2!), and extremely hot (3!),
with analogous divisions for cold anomalies

Source: Climate Progress


47
Severe weather continues in central US
The Joplin twister, which killed more than 120 people, is the eighth deadliest storm on record in the
United States dating back to 1840. This year's tornado season has produced approximately 1,000
twisters and has taken the lives of more than 300 people. 

48
Debbie Surlin salvages items from her parent's home in Joplin, Mo. Wednesday, May 25, 2011. The home's
residents Beverly and Roy Winans rode out the EF-5 tornado by hiding under a bed in the home. The tornado tore
through much of the city Sunday, damaging a hospital and hundreds of homes and businesses and killing at least
123 people. (Charlie Riedel/Associated Press) 

49
Massive sand storm hits Phoenix ARIZONA, July 5th 2011

A monstrous dust storm roared through


Phoenix, Arizona on Tuesday night,
delaying flights and causing power
outages for thousands of people.
The AP reports that the massive dust
cloud, also known as a "haboob," was
around 5,000 feet when it
arrived in Phoenix, but radar data reveals
that it reached heights anywhere from
8,000 to 10,000 feet high prior. The storm
appeared to be around 50 miles wide in
some areas, KSAZ-TV reported.


50
Thailand flood reaches Bangkok
This aerial picture shows an under-construction temple surrounded by floodwaters outside the
ancient Thai capital of Ayutthaya, north of Bangkok on October 11, 2011. (Christophe Archambault/
AFP/Getty Images)

51
People push their belongings through floodwaters during an evacuation from a flooded market in
Bangkok October 24, 2011. (Sukree Sukplang/Reuters) 

52
From Cairo to the
Cape, climate
change begins to
take hold of Africa
The world's poorest
communities have begun to
experience extreme weather
outside the natural
variability of African climate.
Without a rapid reduction in
emissions, the continent
faces calamitous
temperature rises within this
century

53
http://
?"&*#G'%.60)A"$%05%$"-%?-*$)68 www.theepochtimes.c
om/n2/china-news/

An ongoing drought in central and eastern China


not seen in 50 or 100 years has dried up many
rivers. Downstream provinces near the Three
Gorges Dam have been scourged, the Yangtze
River is withering, and Chinas largest freshwater
lake is nearly dry, pushing the ecological system
in a large area to the brink of calamity.
Human activities are also being badly impacted.
Drinking and irrigation water is in short supply,
rice crops are dying, and cargo vessels are
stranded.
And the threat of extinction to one wildlife
species highlights all those troubles. 54
K6-2&-6%)6A-'%#,,D0)$%-g06$'%506%760)A"$%6-,&-5%%

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55
Key Messages of the IPCC Special Report on Extreme Events
November 2011
(1) Even withouttakingclimatechangeintoaccount,disasterrisk
willcontinuetoincreaseinmany countries as more vulnerable
people and assets are exposed to weather extremes.
(2) Evidence suggests that climate change has changed the magnitude and
frequency of some extreme weather and climate events in some regions
already.
(3) Climate change will have significant impacts on the severity and
magnitude of climate extremes in the future.
As climate change becomes more dramatic, its effect on a range of climate
extremes will become increasingly important and will play a more
significant role in disaster impacts.
(4) Climate extremes are essentially becoming more unpredictable.
(5) Any delay in greenhouse gas mitigation is likely to lead to more severe
and frequent climate extremes in the future.

56
4C Global Warming: Regional patterns and timing

by Richard Betts et al, Met Office, Hadley Centre, UK

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ZC World NI.',Ut97,^(/(77(DO,/.C,

58
ZC World
Potsdam Climate Impact institute, NASA Goddard institute,
Tyndall Center, UK Germany USA

Kevin Anderson Joachim Schellnhuber James E. Hansen

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59
PIOMAS Trend Shows That All The Arctic Sea Ice Will Be Gone
In Four Years, 2015.
Winters look ice free by about 2030 or 2040.

June

December
July
November

August, October
September

60
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Rapid Ice-Mass Loss
(a) Greenland Ice Mass Change (b) Antarctic Ice Mass Change

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69
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?"&*# MQ
](L k
J*7&# oo
S-62#*8 VN
_#1#* VV
4)''&# i ref. WBGU(2009)
70
Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions
Susan Solomon, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Reto Knutti and Pierre Friedlingstein
PNAS (2009)

The severity of damaging human-induced climate change depends not


only on the magnitude of the change but also on the potential for
irreversibility. This paper shows that the climate change that takes
place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentrations is largely
irreversible for 1,000 years after emission stop.
Following cessation of emissions, removal of atmospheric carbon
dioxide decreases radiative forcing, but is largely compensated by
slower loss of heat to the ocean, so that atmospheric temperatures do
not drop significantly for at least 1,000 years.

71
World headed for irreversible climate change
in five years, IEA warns. 2011
If fossil fuel infrastructure is not rapidly changed, the world will loss
for ever the chance to avoid dangerous climate change
by Fiona Harvey, environment correspondent, gurdian, UK

If the world is to stay below 2C of warming, which scientists regard


as the limit of safety, then emissions must be held to no more than
450ppm of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; the level is currently
390ppm. But the worlds existing infrastructure is already producing
80% of that carbon budget, according to the IEAs analysis.
This gives an ever-narrowing gap in which to reform the global
economy on to a low-carbon footing.
By 2017, there will be no room for manoeuvre at all.

IEAInternational Energy Agency


72
J*$-6*#@0*#,%4-'0)6:-%K#*-,%K)+,&:#@0*'

73
V < F h 6 ? <: non-metal elements

F. W5 U;, ?) elements of hope


_ <. b9

^) <7, W4 <@


S b U7 S7 critical elements
j) S9 ?*, 1 <( F), w4 e.
frugal elements e9 U2 ?7 - w7 FA W( 6eW
U5 <B :4 ?4 ?A ^9 S. &HW
^. G &9 U@ V5 ^) 6A S)
Metal mineral Scarcity:
A call for managed austerity and the elements of hope by A.M. Diederen
The elements of hope
a group of abundantly available elements for sustainable substitution
The frugal elements
Less abundant but still plentiful elements. These elements should only be
applied in mass for applications in which their unique properties are essential.
The critical elements
These elements should be saved for the most essential and critical applications.74
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75
Annual production Index of the extent
= of depletion
Concentration in the Earths Crust

Total Material Requirement for Index of the


1kg Production (ton) = environmental burden
for metal production

Ecological Rucksack

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76
by Dr. Kohmei HALADA (NIMS, Japan)

Ratio of (annual production / Total Material Increase of annual


Concentration in the crust) to Fe, Requirement for 1 kg production
where the ratio for Fe is set to 100 production (ton) (2009/1999) (%)
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Three different scenarios for resource use up to 2050

Scenario 1 Business-as-usual (BAU)


BAU scenario assumes that developing countries adopt growth and
development strategies aimed at catching up with the resource consumption
patterns of industrialized countries, this will result in the tripling of global annual
resource extraction and consumption by 2050.
Specifically, this means more than doubling biomass use, while almost
quadrupling fossil fuel use and tripling the annual use of metals (ores) and
construction minerals.

Scenario 2 Moderate contraction and convergence


Assumes substantial structural change in the dominant industrial production and
consumption patterns. This scenario would require substantial economic structural
change and massive investments in innovations for resource
decoupling.

Scenario 3 Tough contraction and convergence


This scenario does not raise global resource consumption above the 2000
levels, and can hardly be addressed as a possible strategic goal by politicians.

78
Table; Metabolic scales and rates, overview of scenario analysis
ref. IRP Report

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PcRE&05)-,%-$:%%%%%%%%%% 83

Collapse of the myth of Nuclear Safety
A place of refuge of Fukushima prefectural Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

!"##$Z$#"

They temporarily returned to home


putting on protective clothing. 

!"##$c$d
84
Complex Disaster of Earthquake Disaster and Severe Accident
of Nuclear Power Plant was predicted 
Prof. Kiyoo MOGI Prof. Katsuhiko ISHIBASHI
Professor Emeritus of Professor Emeritus of
the University of Tokyo the Kobe University

85
Distribution of Earthquakes in the World
Map

86
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Full Solar Supply of Industrialized Countries
The Example Japan
by Harry Lehman (www. Energyrichjapan.info)

Using baseline data from 1999, the Energy Rich Japan report shows how a
combination of the best energy efficiency technologies available today, and a
massive investment in renewable energy, could ultimately provide Japan with
100% of its energy needs from renewables including transportation fuels
without expensive and environmentally damaging imported fossil and nuclear
fuels. Rather than seeking energy security through its hugely expensive and
polluting nuclear program, for example, Japan could instead build its own
renewable energy industry. As an energy hungry and supposedly resource-poor
country, Japan could make this transition to clean, renewable energy without any
sacrifice in living standards or industrial capacity.

Six scenarios of how this might happen are outlined in the report, all of which can
provide 100% renewable energy for Japan.

87
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89
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The Mitigation, Adaptation and Development


(H. J. Schellnhuber)
90

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