SOLUCIN DE EJERCICIOS

1. Construya una matrix 2x2, diferente a la dada en el ejemplo, conveniente para usar como
clave en el sistema de cifrado de Hill y con ella cifrar el siguiente mensaje. El hombre sabio.
*Parta cifrar este mensaje, he escogido como matrix 2x2

Clave \( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 5 \end{pmatrix} \) = 7(4)-9(3)=1

y con ella vamos a encriptar el siguiente mensaje.
EL HOMBRE SABIO EL_HO_MB_RE_SA_BI_OX
Separando las parejas de palabras para iniciar el cifrado.
\( EL\longrightarrow P1\binom{4}{11}HO\longrightarrow P2\binom{7}{15}MB\longrightarrow
P3\binom{12}{1}RE\longrightarrow P4\binom{18}{4}SA\longrightarrow
P5\binom{19}{0}BI\longrightarrow P6\binom{1}{8}OX\longrightarrow P7\binom{15}{24} \)

EL CP1=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {4} {11} \)= \( 61 \div27
=2\) con residuo 7;\( 80 \div27=2\) con residuo 26=\( \binom {7} {26} \) = \( \binom {H} {Z} \)

HO CP2=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {7} {15} \)= \( 94 \div27=
3\) con residuo 13 ;\( 116 \div27=4\) con residuo 8 =\( \binom {13} {8} \) = \( \binom {N} {I} \)

MB CP3=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {12} {1} \)= \( 87 \div27=
3\) con residuo 6 ;\( 112 \div27=4\) con residuo 4 =\( \binom {6} {4} \) = \( \binom {G} {D} \)

RE CP4=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {18} {4} \)= \( 138 \div27=
5\) con residuo 3;\( 178 \div27=6\) con residuo 16 =\( \binom {3} {16} \) = \( \binom {D} {P} \)

SA CP5=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {19} {0} \)= \( 133 \div27=
4\) con residuo 25 ;\( 171 \div27=6\) con residuo 9 =\( \binom {25} {9} \) = \( \binom {Y} {J} \)

BI CP6=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {1} {8} \)= \( 31 \div27=2\)
con residuo 4 ;\( 41 \div27=1\) con residuo 14 =\( \binom {4} {14} \) = \( \binom {E} {} \)

OX CP7=\( \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ 9 & 4 \end{pmatrix} \)\( \binom {15} {24} \)= \( 177 \div27=
6\) con residuo 15;\( 231 \div27=8\) con residuo 15=\( \binom {15} {15} \)=\( \binom {O} {O} \)
As el texto cifrado con el sistema de Hill nos queda de la siguiente manera:
HZNIGDDPYJEOO.

2.Descifrar el siguiente mensaje QLVUCIHPANBIAOFNHERBVXHMSYR,

Clave \( \begin{bmatrix}{4}&{-10}&{29}\\{1}&{-2}&{5}\\{-3}&{7}&{19}\end{bmatrix} \)

A la matriz clave le sacaremos la matriz inversaC-1

\(\begin{bmatrix} {4} & {-10 }& {29} \\ {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {-3} & {7} & {-19} \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {1} &{0} & {0} \\ {0} & {1 }& {0} \\ {0} & {0} & {1} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \
\( \( F1 \Leftrightarrow F2 \) \) \(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {4} & {-10 } & {29} \\{-3 } & {7}
&{-19 } \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1 } & {0} & {0} \\ {0} & {0} & {1} \end
{vmatrix}\ \)

\( F3 \rightarrow F3+3F1 \)\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {4} & {-10 } & {29} \\{ 0 } & {1} &{-
4} \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1} & {0} & {0} \\ {0} & {3} & {1} \end
{vmatrix}\ \)

\( F2 \rightarrow F2 - 4F1 \)\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2 } & { 5 } \\ { 0 } & {-2 } & { 9 } \\{ 0 } & {1}
&{-4 } \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1 } & {-4 } & {0} \\ {0} & {3} & {1} \end
{vmatrix}\ \)
\( F3 \rightarrow 2F3 + F2 \)\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {0} & {-2 } & { 9 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{
1 } \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1} & { -4 } & {0} \\ {1} & {2} & {2} \end
{vmatrix}\ \)
\( F1 \rightarrow -5F3 + F1 \)\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {0} \\ {0} & {-2 } & { 9 } \\{ 0 } & {0 }
&{ 1 } \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {-5} & {-9} & {-10} \\ {1} & { -4 } & {0} \\ {1} & {2} & {2} \end
{vmatrix}\ \)

\( F2 \rightarrow -9F3 + F2 \) \( \begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {0} \\ {0} & { -2 } & { 0 } \\{ 0 } & {0 }
&{ 1} \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {-5} & {-9} & {-10} \\ {-8} & {-22} & {-18} \\ {1} & {2} & {2}
\end {vmatrix} \)

\( F2 \div -2 \)\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {0} \\ {0} & { 1 } & { 0 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{ 1} \end
{bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {-5 } & {-9 } & {-10} \\ {4 } & {11} & {9 } \\ {1} & {2} & {2} \end {vmatrix}\
\)

\( F1 \rightarrow 2F2 + F1 \)\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {0 } & {0} \\ {0} & { 1 } & { 0 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{
1} \end {bmatrix} \begin {vmatrix} {3 } & {13 } & { 8 } \\ {4 } & {11} & {9 } \\ {1} & {2} & {2} \end
{vmatrix}\ \)

C-1 = \( \begin{bmatrix}{3}&{ 13}&{ 8}\\{ 4}& {11}&{ 9}\\{ 1}&{2}&{ 2}\end{bmatrix} \)

A continuacin vamos a separar el mensaje a descifrar en grupos de 3, para que queden

matrices 3x1
\( QLU\longrightarrow P1\longrightarrow {17}; {11}; {21} \)
\( VCI\longrightarrow P2\longrightarrow {22}; {2}; {8} \)
\( HPA\longrightarrow P3\longrightarrow {7}; {16}; {0} \)
\( NBI\longrightarrow P4\longrightarrow {13}; {1}; {8} \)
\( AOF\longrightarrow P5\longrightarrow {0}; {15}; {5} \)
\( NHE\longrightarrow P6\longrightarrow {13}; {7}; {4} \)
\( RBU\longrightarrow P7\longrightarrow {18}; {1}; {21} \)
\( XHM\longrightarrow P8\longrightarrow {24}; {7}; {12} \)
\( SYR\longrightarrow P9\longrightarrow {19}; {25}; {18} \)
As iniciamos aplicando la operacin correspondiente con la matriz inversa y la resultante de la
clave dada.

\(C((-1)P1=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{17}\\{11}\\{2
1}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{362}\\{378}\\{81}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{11}\\{0}\\{0}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{L}\\{A}\\{A}\end{bmatrix} \)

\(C((-1)P2=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{22}\\{2}\\{8}\
end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}{156}\\{182}\\{42}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{21}\\{20}\\{15}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}{U}\\{T}\\{O}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C((-1)P3=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{7}\\{16}\\{0}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{229}\\{204}\\{39}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{15}\\{12}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{N}\\{O}\\{M}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C((-1)P4=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{1}\\{8}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{116}\\{135}\\{31}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{8}\\{0}\\{4}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{I}\\{A}\\{E}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C((-1)P5=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{0}\\{15}\\{5}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{235}\\{210}\\{40}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{19}\\{21}\\{13}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{S}\\{U}\\{N}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C((-1)P6=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{7}\\{4}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{162}\\{165}\\{35}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{0}\\{3}\\{8}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{A}\\{D}\\{I}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C((-
1)P7=\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{18}\\{
1}\\{21}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{235}\\{272}\\{62}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}{19}\\{2}\\{8}\end{bmatrix}=\begi
n{bmatrix}{S}\\{C}\\{I}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C((-
1)P8=\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{24}\\{
7}\\{12}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{259}\\{281}\\{62}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}{16}\\{11}\\{8}\end{bmatrix}=\be
gin{bmatrix}{P}\\{L}\\{I}\end{bmatrix} \)

\(C((-1)P9=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{19}\\{25}\\{1
8}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{526}\\{513}\\{105}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{0}\\{24}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{N}\\{A}\\{X}\end{bmatrix} \)

Descubriendo el mensaje que se ha descifrado es: LA AUTONOMA ES UNA DISCIPLINA.

Descifrar el siguiente mensaje QLVUCIHPANBIAOFNHERBVXHMSYR,

teniendo en cuenta que en el cifrado se empleo:

Clave \( \begin{bmatrix}{4}&{-10}&{29}\\{1}&{-2}&{5}\\{-3}&{7}&{19}\end{bmatrix} \)

Buscamos la inversa multiplicando por la matriz identidad

\(\begin{bmatrix} {4} & {-10 } & {29} \\ {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {-3} & {7} & {-19} \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {1} &{0} & {0} \\ {0} & {1 }& {0} \\ {0} & {0} & {1} \end {vmatrix}\ \)

\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {4} & {-10 } & {29} \\{-3 } & {7} &{-19 } \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1 } & {0} & {0} \\ {0} & {0} & {1} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \( F3 \rightarrow
4F3+3F2 \)

\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {4} & {-10 } & {29} \\{ 0 } & {-2} &{ 11 } \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1} & {0} & {0} \\ {3} & {0} & {4} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \( F2
\rightarrow F2 - 4F1 \)

\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {0} & {-2 } & { 9 } \\{-3 } & { 7} &{-19 } \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1 } & {-4 } & {0} \\ {3} & {0} & {4} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \( F3 \rightarrow
F3 - F2 \)

\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {5} \\ {0} & {-2 } & { 9 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{ 2 } \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {0} & {1} & {0} \\ {1} & { -4 } & {0} \\ {2} & {4} & {4} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \( F1
\rightarrow -5F3 + 2F1 \)
\(\begin{bmatrix} {2} & {-4} & {0} \\ {0} & {-2 } & { 9 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{ 2 } \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {-10} & {-18} & {-20} \\ {1} & { -4 } & {0} \\ {2} & {4} & {4} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \( F2
\rightarrow 9F3 - 2F2 \)

\( \begin{bmatrix} {2} & {-4} & {0} \\ {0} & { 4 } & { 0 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{ 2} \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {-10} & {-18} & {-20} \\ {16} & {44} & {36} \\ {2} & {4} & {4} \end {vmatrix} F1 \div 2; F2
\div 4; F3 \div 2 \)

\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {-2} & {0} \\ {0} & { 1 } & { 0 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{ 1} \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {-5 } & {-9 } & {-10} \\ {4 } & {11} & {9 } \\ {1} & {2} & {2} \end {vmatrix}\ \) \( F1
\rightarrow 2F2 + F1 \)

\(\begin{bmatrix} {1} & {0 } & {0} \\ {0} & { 1 } & { 0 } \\{ 0 } & {0 } &{ 1} \end {bmatrix} \begin
{vmatrix} {3 } & {13 } & { 8 } \\ {4 } & {11} & {9 } \\ {1} & {2} & {2} \end {vmatrix}\ \)

C-1 = \( \begin{bmatrix}{3}&{ 13}&{ 8}\\{ 4}& {11}&{ 9}\\{ 1}&{2}&{ 2}\end{bmatrix} \)

El mensaje a descifrar se separa en grupos de 3, para que queden matrices 3x1, y poder
hacer el producto C-1PK

\( QLU\longrightarrow P1\longrightarrow {17}; {11}; {21} \)

\( VCI\longrightarrow P2\longrightarrow {22}; {2}; {8} \)

\( HPA\longrightarrow P3\longrightarrow {7}; {16}; {0} \)

\( NBI\longrightarrow P4\longrightarrow {13}; {1}; {8} \)
\( AOF\longrightarrow P5\longrightarrow {0}; {15}; {5} \)
\( NHE\longrightarrow P6\longrightarrow {13}; {7}; {4} \)
\( RBU\longrightarrow P7\longrightarrow {18}; {1}; {21} \)
\( XHM\longrightarrow P8\longrightarrow {24}; {7}; {12} \)

\( SYR\longrightarrow P9\longrightarrow {19}; {25}; {18} \)

\( C(inv)P1=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{17}\\{11}\\{2
1}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{362}\\{378}\\{81}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{11}\\{0}\\{0}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{L}\\{A}\\{A}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P2=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{22}\\{2}\\{8}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{156}\\{182}\\{42}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{21}\\{20}\\{15}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{U}\\{T}\\{O}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P3=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{7}\\{16}\\{0}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{229}\\{204}\\{39}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{15}\\{12}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{N}\\{O}\\{M}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P4=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{1}\\{8}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{116}\\{135}\\{31}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{8}\\{0}\\{14}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{I}\\{A}\\{E}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P5=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{0}\\{15}\\{5}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{235}\\{210}\\{40}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{19}\\{21}\\{13}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{S}\\{U}\\{N}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P6=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{7}\\{4}\
end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{162}\\{165}\\{35}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{0}\\{3}\\{8}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{A}\\{D}\\{I}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P7=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{18}\\{1}\\{21
}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{235}\\{272}\\{62}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{19}\\{2}\\{8}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{S}\\{C}\\{I}\end{bmatrix} \)

\( C(inv)P8=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{24}\\{7}\\{12
}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{259}\\{281}\\{62}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{16}\\{11}\\{8}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{P}\\{L}\\{I}\end{bmatrix} \)

\(C(inv)P9=
\begin{vmatrix}{3}&{13}&{8}\\{4}&{11}&{9}\\{1}&{2}&{2}\end{vmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{19}\\{25}\\{1
8}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{526}\\{513}\\{105}\end{bmatrix}
=\begin{bmatrix}{13}\\{0}\\{24}\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix}{N}\\{A}\\{X}\end{bmatrix} \)