1.

FIRE
DEFINITION: It is a chemical reaction of three elements those are Heat, Oxygen and Fuel.
When these three elements come together Fire will be produced. If we remove
any one of them Fire will be put off automatically.

FIRE ABBREVIATION:

For our convenient fire abbreviated as:

F Find the Place of Fire

I Inform to the Fire Brigades and Rescue Team
R Take Responsibility to Avoid the Fire
E Extinguish Fire with Various Extinguishers

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE:

According to the NEBOSH (National Examination Board of Occupational Safety and

Health) Fire has been classified into four classes those are

Extinguisher
Class Type Examples Extinguisher
Color
Paper, Wood,
Ordinary
A Cloth, Rubber Water (H2O) Red
Fire
Etc.
Oils: Petrol,
Kerosene,
Oil / Gas Diesel etc.
B Foam Cream / Yellow
Fire Gases: LPG,
LNG, CNG,
SNG etc.
Faulty
Electrical
Electrical Carbon-di-
C Installation, Black
Fire Oxide (Co2)
Short circuit
and Over Load
Dry
Gold, Silver,
Chemical
D Metal Fire Iron, Copper, Blue
Powder
Al. Mg. Zn etc
(DCP)
Note: All types of fire extinguishers have some amount of co2 to pressurize the inner things
to move upward.

LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas

LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas

CNG: Compressed Natural Gas

SNG: Synthetic Natural Gas

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP): Dry Chemical Powder contains Sodium by-carbonate
(NaHCo3). DCP is used to extinguish all kinds of Fire.

PRINCIPLES OF FIRE :

We have 3 principles to extinguish the fire. They are as follows

1. Cooling: To remove Heat from the place of Fire is called cooling.

2. Smothering & Blanketing: To remove Oxygen from the place of Fire is called

Smothering and blanketing.

3. Starvation : To remove Fuel from the place of Fire is called

Starvation.

HOW DOES FIRE SPREAD?

Fire spreads through three ways they are..

1. Conduction : If Fire (heat) spreads through Solid to Solid is known as

Conduction.
2. Convection : If Fire (heat) spreads through Liquids to Liquids is known
as convection.
3. Radiation : If Fire (heat) spreads through Gases to Gases is known as
Radiation.
PASS METHOD :

Before using the Fire Extinguisher we have to find out the type of fire and the size of
the fire then follow the Pass method to extinguish the fire. In this method first
we should check the Gauge Level of Fire Extinguisher and then use it.

P Pull the Safety Pin of the fire extinguisher

A Aim the nozzle at the Base of Fire

S Squeeze the Handle of the fire extinguisher

S Sweep the Steam back and forth & Side to Side

FIRE CONTROLLING METHODS:

We can control the Fire by using any one of these equipments.

1. Fire Extinguishers : With the help of various extinguishers we can control the
Fire.
2. Fire Buckets : These Buckets are filled with smooth and dry sand and they
are used in Theaters, Petrol Bunks, and Bus Depots etc.

3. Fire Blankets : It is made by Tarpaulin. These are used in Warehouses,

Refineries, Laboratories, and Oil & Gas companies etc.

4. Sprinklers : Sprinklers are looking like a bulb and it is fixed to the roof. It
sprinkles water on the lawn. It is directly connected to the water tank and it works based
on the room temperature. When the room temperature increases the sprinkler will burst
and it sprinkles the water on the lawn. These are used in multipurpose complexes and
commercial companies.

5. Monitors : Monitors are fire engines and these are two

types.
A. Water Monitor: These are Red in color and having water.
These are especially used in heavy fire.

B. Foam Monitor: These are Yellow in color and having

Foam. These are especially used in heavy fire in Oil &
Gas Companies.

DUTIES OF FIREMEN :

1. To save people, plant & properties from fire.

2. Observe all kinds of hot work activities.
3. Extinguish any fire accident as soon as possible.
4. Maintain all kinds of fire equipments.
PRECAUTIONS FOR AVOIDING FIRE:-

1. Bring awareness among all workers about fire.

2. Placement of fire extinguishers in a right place.
3. Placement of waste disposal control.
4. Remove all combustible material.
5. Keep away all the ignition sources.
6. Create a designated area for smoking.
7. Maintain good housekeeping.
8. Dont cover ventilators.
9. Check electrical equipments regularly.

IGNITION SOURCES :

1. Open flame
2. Static electricity
3. Faulty electric circuit
4. Welding operation
5. Unshielded hot surfaces
6. Friction

SIZE, DURATION & RANGE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:-

TYPES OF
SIZE DURATION RANGE
FIRE
CLASS A 4.5 Kgs 15-40 sec 3-4 mtrs

CLASS B 9 Ltrs 60-90 sec 5 mtrs

CLASS C 1.5 Kgs 10-30 sec 2 mtrs

 2. HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S)

DEFINITION : It is one of the toxic gas which is dangerous to the human beings and
all other living creatures. We can find it in deep excavation and
confined space. When it burns it produces sulpher-monoxide (SO).
This gas is formed by the biological actions and decomposition.

NOTE : Decomposition means conversion of macro molecules into micro

molecules.

PROPERTIES OF H2S:-

1. It is colorless gas.

2. It has rotten egg smell.

3. It is highly soluble in all types of liquids.

4. It is highly flammable.

5. It is 1.8 times heavier than air.

6. When it burns it produces sulpher-monoxide (SO).

EFFECTS OF H2S:

When H2S presence along with the other gases then the following effects will occur.
They are

1. Eye irritation.

2. Loss of smelling sense.

3. Throat irritation.

4. Lungs irritation.

5. Unconsciousness.

6. Coma and death.

HOW TO SURVIVE FROM H2S ?

With the help of wind socks we can find the wind direction.

If wind passes through a one direction then we have to move perpendicular to the
direction. If we do like this we can survive from H2S.

Ex: If wind passes through north to south then we have to move either east to west.

HOW TO DETECT H2S:-

We can detect H2S with the help of Toxic Clip.

Toxic Clip is a device which shows and measures the concentration level in PPM
(Parts Per Million) of all the gases which are present in the air.

When the H2S level exceeds 10 PPM then we should stop the work and inform to the
superiors.

To decrease the concentration level of H2S in the air do Nitrogen Purging.

3.EXCAVATION
DEFINITION: Manual digging or machinery digging on the surface of the ground is called
as Excavation.

TYPES OF EXCAVATION: Excavations are two types they are:

1. Narrow Excavation: Where the depth is not more than 4 feet and width is not

more than 15 feet is called as Narrow Excavation.

2. Deep Excavation: Where the depth is more than 4 feet and width is more

than 15 feet is called deep excavation.

TYPES OF SOIL AND DIGGING METHODS:

Before starting the Excavation work we should find out the nature of soil and follow
digging methods.

Nature of soil can find out with the help of Penitrometer.

DIGGING
TYPE OF SOIL DIGGING ANGLE
METHOD
Sandy soil Slope 34
Loose rock soil Step & bench 45
Clay soil Directly 54

HAZARDS AND PREVENTIONS:

Deep Excavation is a Hazardous activity in which the following Hazards may occur.

1. COLLAPSE: To prevent from this hazard follow these methods.

Preventions:
Follow the digging methods based on the nature of soil.
Shield the surrounding of Excavation wall by using Metal or Wood and to
support shielding use hydraulics.
Shield the shoring up to 1 meter above by using metal or wood.
Keep away all heavy machinery from the edges of Excavation.

2. UNDERGROUND UTILITIES: While doing the Excavation work there is a chance

of damage to the underground utilities. It may causes severe Hazards such as

Shocking.
Flooding.
Loss of communication.
Explosion.
Preventions:

Before starting the Excavation work find out the Underground utilities with the
help of following detectors. They are
HARM DETECTOR
METAL DETECTOR
C A T SCAN DETECTOR (COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN SCAN
DETECTOR)
CAT-SCAN Detector mostly used in construction to find out the Underground
utilities.
We can identify the nature of Underground utilities by these colors.

COLOUR SERVICES
Red Electrical wire
Blue Water pipes
Yellow Oil and Gas pipes
Communication
Orange
cables
Green Sewage pipelines

3. If we find any Underground utilities stop the machinery digging and mark that area
and do the manual digging and inform to the concern department or superiors.

3. FALLING:
It is the most frequent hazard in construction field.

Preventions:

Barricade the surrounding of Excavation 1.5 meters away.

Placement of sign boards.
If the Excavation work is going on during the night.
1. Put the fluorescent to the barricade and sign boards.
2. Provide high visible vest to the workers

4. WATER ACCUMULATION:
In deep Excavation this hazard may occur due to the water accumulation Collapse
hazard or interruption in work may takes place.
Prevention:
De-watering (pump out the water from the Excavation) with the help of
motors.

5. LACK OF OXYGEN:
 In deep Excavation because of no natural air movement and the presence of
other gases lack of oxygen takes place.

Preventions:
Do Air Monitoring with the help of Air Blowers.
Check the oxygen level by using Toxic Clip.

6. TOXIC GASES AND SUBSTANCES:

Preventions:
Check the Toxic gases for every 4 hours by using Toxic Clip.
Do Nitrogen Purging to reduce the toxic gases concentration level.
Provide SCBA or CABA if necessary provide to the workers.

7. HEAT: In deep Excavation, due to no natural air movement or ventilation the

temperature level may increase. To reduce the temperature level follow these
preventions.

Preventions:
Do water purging.
Provide cotton clothes to workers.

SAFE PROCEDURE

Before starting the Excavation work we should follow the safe procedure to eliminate the
various hazards.

1. Check the work permit.

2. Check the layout.
3. Check the nature of soil.
4. Check the underground utilities with the help of various detectors.
 5. Give the Tool Box Talk (TBT) to the workers and explain them various potential
Hazards and their preventions.
6. Barricade the surrounding of Excavation.
7. Placement of sign boards.
8. Maintain Good House Keeping.
9. Placement of emergency alarm.
10. Placement of fire extinguishers.
11. Placement of ladder.
12. Placement of first aid box.
13. When the work is going on at night provide high visible vest to the workers and put
the fluorescent to the barricade and sign boards.

BARRICADE COLORS:

Yellow and Black Colors Indicates Caution.

Red and White Colors Indicates Work in progress.
Only Red color indicates Danger.

4. CONFINED SPACE
DEFINITION:- Where the depth is more than 4 feet and width is not more than 15 feet
in that location a person cant work properly or comfortably is called confined space.

Ex: Pipelines, sewages, sumps, and tanks etc.

HAZARDS AND PREVENTIONS OF CONFINED SPACE:-

1. LACK OF OXYGEN: Air monitoring with the help of air blowers.

2. POOR VENTILATION: We have to use minimum 50 volts bulb and it is fitted to

the hard hat or we can use torch light.
 3. TOXIC GASES AND SUBSTANCES: Do nitrogen purging. Gas testing for
every four hours.

4. HEAT: Do water purging.

5. NOISE: Wear ear protectors or ear plugs.

6. COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL: Maintain good housekeeping. The area should clean.

7. FALLING: Barricade the area. Placement of sign boards. Wear full body harness
with double lanyard and 100% tie up with a perfect structure.

8. INTERRUPTING DESIGN: Follow the company rules.

SAFE PROCEDURE

1. Check the entry permit.

2. Barricade the surrounding of confined space hole.
3. Placement of sign boards.
4. Check the gas level for every 4 hours with the help of toxic clip.
5. Give Tool Box Talk (TBT) to the workers.
6. Placement attendant or holewatcher.
7. Placement of emergency alarm.
8. Placement of Fire Extinguisher.
9. Placement of First Aid.
10. Placement of safe access.

ENTRANT:- He is the person who enters in confined space.

HOLEWATCHER:- He is well trained person who remains outside the confined space. He
monitors and guards the confined space against unauthorized entry. He is like a security
guard of confined space. He fully knows the body language and signals and they
communicate each other (Hole watch & Entrant) by rope or wacky talky.

Communication by Rope:- If the they communicate by rope, they will understand like
this

PULL THE ROPE UNDERSTANDING

1 Everything is ok
2 Need some more rope
 3 Something is difficult
4 Get him out

Oxygen Level:-

Check the Oxygen level with the help of toxic clip. The Oxygen level is

Min 19.5%
Med 21.5%
Max 23.5%

When the Oxygen level decreases below 19.5% should supply the air with the help of
air blowers and provide CABA or SCBA to the workers.

When Oxygen level decreases below 19.5% these effects will be occurred:
1. Cant breathe properly.
2. Respiration increased.
3. Decreased ability of work.
4. Poor judgment.
5. Lips become in blue color.
6. Unconsciousness.
7. Coma and fatal to death.
When Oxygen level increases above 23.5% there may be chances of burning.
So to reduce the Oxygen level we have to do water purging.

5. SCAFFOLDING

DIFINATION:- A temporary elevated platform with a supporting structure is called as

Scaffolding.

COMPONENTS:-

1. Top rail
2. Guard rail
3. Mid rail
4. Toe board
5. Platform
6. Trumson and putlog
 7. Standard
8. Horizontal
9. Bracing
10. Fittings
11. Scafftag
12. Cross bar
13. Mudsill
14. Base plate
15. Ladder

HAZARDS AND PREVENTIONS:-

1. Falling:- (PFAS = Personal Fall Arrest System). Wear full body harness
with double lanyard and 100% tip up with a perfect structure. The ladder should
be secured.

2. Dropping tools and Equipments:-

Platform should have toe board
Wear tool belt
Tools must be kept in tool box
Put the safety net

3. Weather Condition:- Check the weather condition with the help of

Anemometer. If the weather condition is not sufficient
stop the work and inform to the superiors. Wind speed
should not exceed 30 NMPH.

4. Communication:- Give instructions to the workers not to communicate

each other unnecessarily because it diverts the
concentration on work.
5. Discomfort:- Give relaxation to the workers when they feel tired.

HOW TO ANALYSE THE SCAFFOLD: We can analyze the scaffolding by seeing

Scafftag. Scafftag shows the condition of Scaffolding. It should be placed at entrance and it
has three colors.

COLOUR INDICATION
Red Dont use
Fall protection is
Yellow
required
 Green Ready to use

WHEN WE SHOULD USE SCAFFOLDING:- If we cant do the work comfortably

from the ground level or where the work is above 4 feet
or 1.2 meters from the surface of the ground we have to
use Scaffolding.

SAFE PROCEDURE

1. Check the Work Permit

2. Check the Components of Scaffolding
3. Check the Scafftag
4. Check the Capacity of Platform
5. Check the Ladder
6. Check Weather Condition
7. Give Tool Box Talk (TBT), Explain hazards and preventions.
8. Barricade the Area
9. Placement of Sign Boards
10. Maintain Good House Keeping
11. If we need to work at the corners or edges we have to use life line
12. Placement of sign boards
13. Placement of fire extinguisher
14. Placement of first aid
15. Placement of safe access

SAFE PROCEDURES OF LADDER

1. Ladder should be secured and 100% tie up.

2. Ladder should be kept in 750 angle.
3. Good House Keeping under the Ladder.
4. Place the Ladder on the hard floor or wood sheet.
5. Ladder should be placed one meter above from the surface of landing.
6. Always maintain three point contact on Ladder.
7. Climb slowly.
8. Dont allow hand carry while climbing.
9. Dont allow more than one person to climb at a time.
10. Dont use metal ladder for electrical work.
11. Dont use oil or grease on ladder.
12. Climber should be anchored.

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING:-
 1. Wooden Pole Scaffolding.
2. Welded Frame Scaffolding.
3. Tube and Coupler Scaffolding.
4. Mobile Scaffolding.
5. Suspension Scaffolding.
6. Single Point Scaffolding.
7. Multiple Point Scaffolding.
8. Chicken Scaffolding.
9. Floated Scaffolding.

6. RIGGING

DIFINATION:- To lift heavy load from one place to another place with the source of
energy is called as Rigging. By using different types of cranes we can lift
heavy load.

TYPES OF CRANES: Tower crane

Mobile crane

Crawler crane

COMPONENTS OF CRANE:-

1. Boom
2. Pulley
3. Sling
4. Hook
5. Safety lock/ latch
 6. Cabin
7. Ladder

TYPES OF SLINGS:-Chain sling (Made by Iron)

Nylon sling (Made by Fiber & Synthetic)

Wire rope sling (Made by high-tension wires)

HAZARDS AND PREVENTIONS:-

1. Over load: Check the capacity of crane. Check the Safe Work Load (SWL)
of Hook, D & Bow shackle, Slings, and Latch.
2. Poor condition: Check the calibration certificate of the crane which is issued by
PMV.
3. Corrosive rust: Sling should not be kept in wet area.
4. Excessive wire: Take exact wire.
5. Broken wire: Replace the sling.
6. Several bends: Replace the sling.
7. Cracks: Replace the sling.
8. Bird caging: Replace the sling.
9. Reduction of diameter: Should replace the sling.

SAFE PROCEDURE

1. Check the work permit.

2. Check the capacity of crane.
3. Check the calibration certificate.
4. Check the driving license of crane operator.
5. Check the Safe Work Load (SWL) of Hook, Slings, D & Bow shackles and Safety
lock.
6. Check the capacity of crane.
7. Check the back alarm for mobile crane.
8. Check the Safety lock whether it is fixed or not to the hook.
9. Check the wind speed. (It doesnt exceed 16-24 NMPH)
10. Placement of Rigger.
11. Give Tool Box Talk (TBT) to the workers and explain various hazards and
preventions.
12. Barricade the area. (Radius = Boom X 1.5)
13. Placement of sign boards.
14. Placement of first aid.
15. Placement of emergency alarm.
16. Placement of Fire extinguishers (B & C)
17. Dont use Nylon sling for hot load.
 18. Angle of sling: Safest angle is 600, Min 450 & Max - 900
19. Use tag line for heavy load.
20. Nobody should stand under the suspended load.
21. Boom should be laid on the surface when the work is not going on.
22. Crane must be inspected daily. It is recorded on daily inspection log sheet.

ZONES:-

Zone 0 --- Indicates fully hazard area.

Zone 1 --- Indicates doubtful hazard area.

Zone 2 --- Residential hazard area.

CAPACITY OF SLINGS:-

Dia X Dia X 8 = SWL in kgs.

SPREADER BAR:- It has multi slings for lifting of big and lengthy load. We should use
this bar for balancing the load.

TANDEM LIFT:- Tandem lift means lifting single load with the help of two cranes at a
time.

7. CONCRETE POURING

DEFINITION: A mixture of small rocks, cement, sand and water to form a hard floor
is called as concrete pouring.

HAZARDS AND PREVENTIONS:

1. Burning(Due to heat): Wear Special Personal Protective Equipment

(SPPE).

2. Cold (Frostbite): Use skin protectors.

3. Slipping, Tripping, Pinching and Falling on Rebar mat: Provide safe walk
way by plywood. (2.5 meters plywood)
 8. STEEL ERECTION

DEFINITION:- Which is constructed by long metal components is called as Steel

Erection.

TYPES:-

1. Angular
2. Beam
3. Channel

HAZARDS AND PREVENTIONS:-

1. Falling: Wear Full Body Harness (PFAS).

2. Dropping tools and Equipments:
A. Wear tool belt
B. Tools must be kept in tool box.
C. Put the safety net.
3. Weather condition: Check the wind speed.
4. Communication: Give instructions to the workers not to communicate
each other unnecessarily because it diverts their
concentration.
5. Discomfort: Give relaxation to the workers when they feel tired.
6. Heat: Wear Special Personnel Protective Equipment(SPPE).
7. Stress test: Observe the stress of iron.
 ABBREVIATIONS

1. NEBOSH : National Examination Board of Occupational Safety And Health

2. IOSH : Industrial Occupational Safety and Health

3. OSHA : Occupational Safety and Health Administration

4. CITB : Constructional Industrial Training Board

5. NFPA : National Fire Protection Association

6. ISRS : International Safety Rating System

7. SATA : Safety Analysis Task Assignment

8. MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheet

9. START : Safety Training Analysis Risk and Radiation Task

10. LOTO : Lock Out and Tag Out

11. ANSI : American National Standard Institute

12. CPR : Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

13. LTMTC : Last Time Medical Treatment Case

14. PTW : Permit To Work

15. SWA : Stop Work Authority

16. PTD : Permanent Total Disability

17. TIG : Tag Inert Gas

18. MIG : Metal Inert Gas

19. ECO : Entry Controlling Officer

20. PPM : Parts Per Million

21. RSO : Radiation Safety Officer

22. DFT : Domestic Fire Tender

23. JPSA : Job Planning Safety Analysis

24. LTA : Last Time Accident

25. SSFI : Scaffolding Shoring Forming Institute

26. GFCI : Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

27. STOP : Safety Training Observation Program

28. JHA : Job Hazard Analysis

29. BA : Breathing Apparatus

30. AAA : Always Alert and Avoid Accidents

31. NEWS : North East West South

32. TBT : Tool Box Talk

33. COSHH : Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

34. BLS : Basic Life Support

35. IDLH : Immediate Danger to Life or Health

36. VHF : Very High Frequency

37. STEL : Short Time Explosive Limit

38. MVA : Motor Vehicle Accident

39. LTIF : Last Time Injury Frequency

40. PRD : Pressure Release Device

41. LFL : Lower Flammable Limit

42. LEL : Lower Explosive Limit

43. UEL : Upper Explosive Limit

44. SIA : Scaffolding Industry Association

45. ZAP : Zero Accident Policy

46. PSI : Pounds Per Square Inch

47. MPA : Minimum Possible Access

48. TLV : Threshold Limit Value

49. EPCM : Engineering Procurement Construction Management

50. NDE : Non Destructive Examination

51. PMCO : Project Management Contractor

52. RPE : Respiratory Protective Equipment

53. HRA : Health Risk Assessment

54. MTC : Medical Treatment Case

55. RAM : Risk Assessment Matrix

56. OEL : Occupational Exposure Limit

57. PEL : Permissible Exposure Limit

58. TLV : Toxic Limit Value

59. HCM : Hazard Control Measure

60. AGT : Authorized Gas Tester

61. TSTI : Total Safety Task Instruction

62. MCC : Motor Circuit Control

63. AFFF : Aquash Flame Forming Foam

64. HSSE : Health Safety Security and Environment

65. PFAS : Personal Fall Arrest System

66. MEWP : Manually Elevated Working Platform

67. SCBA : Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

68. CABA : Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus

69. NIOSH : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

70. NIHL : Noise Induced Hearing Loss

71. LCA : Life Critical Activities

72. SOC : Safety Observation Card

73. RTSU : Ready To Start Up

74. WAH : Working At Height

75. ELCB : Earth Leak Circuit Breaker

76. JSTI : Job Safety Task Instruction

77. PEWP : Power Elevated Working Platform

78. POEWP : Power Operated Elevated Working Platform

79. UAA : Unsafe Act Auditing

80. EOS : Electrical Operated Systems

81. RFSU : Ready for Start UP

82. ALARP : As Low As Reasonably Practicable

83. GTL : Gas To Liquid

84. HAZID : Hazard Identification

85. PPD : Permanent Partial Disability

86. EMC : Emergency Management Centre

87. EC : Emergency Co-coordinator

88. ECC : Emergency Coordination Centre

 1. SAFETY

Safety Abbreviation:

S ------- Stay

A ------- Alert

F -------- For

E -------- Each

T -------- Task

Y -------- You do

Hazard: A situation of risk or damage which leads to lives and properties.

Risk: Chance of injury or damage.

Danger: Exposure to loss of people, plant, and properties called as danger.

Accident: Accident is an unpleasant event that happens unexpectedly and cause damage or
injury.

Ex: He was died in car accident.

Incident: Incident means something that happens unusual or unpleasant.

Prevention: To avoid or stop the hazards is called as prevention.

Precaution: An action take in advance to avoid the hazards is called as precaution.

 2. SAFETY

1. ISRS: International Safety Rating System. As per ISRS 10 incidents = 1 accident.

2. TBT (Tool Box Talk): It is a meeting to educate all employees or workers about a
various hazards and their preventions before starting any work or activity.

3. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet): It is a short technical report that explains how
to handle the chemicals in safe way.

4. Audit Report: It is a demonstration of management commitments that improve

overall safety at the work place.

5. Wastage Management: We have to keep the waste material in a certain place or

designated area. Wastage materials are..

a. Constructional Wastage.
b. Industrial Wastage.
c. Medical Wastage.
d. Domestic Wastage.
6. Environment: The provision of facility at the work place to maintain the
psychological and physical comfort of employees is called as environment.

7. Marshalling point or Muster Point: It is a assembly point, where all the employees
gather together.

8. Emergency Safe procedure of Fire:

a. Raise the alarm.
b. Inform to the fire brigade and rescue team.
c. Shut down all the equipments.
d. Turn off all the power supply.
e. Close all the gas connections and valves.
f. Educate all the employees at the work place.
g. Gather them at marshalling point and count them (if anybody is missing then
inform to the rescue team).
h. Dont enter into the work place until notified by safety department.
i. Inform to the superiors.
j. Inform to the medical department.

3. Duties and Responsibilities of HSE Officer

As a safety officer my aim is 0% risk and 100% work and my motto is nobody is
killed and nobody is injured.

1. Check the work permit.

2. Recognize all the job unit hazards.
3. Take precautions before start any work activity.
4. Give tool box talk regarding the work and explain various hazards and their
preventions.
5. Maintain good housekeeping.
6. Follow the emergency safe procedure.
7. Inspect the plant, property, and machinery.
8. Follow the safe procedure of chemical handling with the help of MSDS (Material
Safety Data Sheet).
9. Observe all the hot work activities.
10. Follow the safe procedure of excavation, confined space, scaffolding, rigging,
concrete pouring, and steel erection.
11. Make the daily, weekly, monthly violence reports and accident investigation
reports.
12. Participate in monthly meetings.
13. Inspect the fire equipments which are installed as per the law.
14. As a safety officer I will be Always Alert And Avoid Accidents (AAAA).
15. If necessary conduct the emergency drill and rehearsals to the workers.
16. Provide the HSE induction training to the new workers with the help of power
point presentation on overhead projector.
17. Explain HSE rules to the workers.
18. Implement the work permit at the site.
 4. IMPORTANT FILES

A. Audit Report

B. Accident Investigation Report

C. Daily Report

D. Disciplinary Action Report

E. First Aid Report

F. Fire Equipment Report

G. Wastage Report

H. Weakly & Monthly Report

I. Job Safety Analysis Report

J. Near Miss Report

K. Tool Box Talk (TBT) Report

L. MSDS Report

M. Risk Assessment Report

N. PPE Report

AA DD FF WW JNT MRP
 5. HSE RULES
1) Wearing proper PPE and proper clothing is necessary for the job.
2) Make sure that all the equipments are in good condition.
3) Make sure that you have right tools and equipments.
4) Keep your proper identification cards.
5) Maintain the telephone numbers of security, Fire and Medical Department,
Supervisors and other departments. If necessary.
6) Look out for hazardous conditions and report them immediately.
7) Observe all the warning and hazard notices.
8) Respect all the security arrangements on the premises.
9) Report all accidents immediately.
10) Allow the smoking at designated area.
11) Dont overload electrical supplies and appliances.
12) Follow the MSDS method to handle the chemicals.
13) Observe all speed limits of work.
14) Never open fire doors, always keep them close.
15) Conduct HSE training
16) Familiarize with building evacuation plans and routes.
17) Dont take drugs, alcohol or any other harmful things on site.
18) Always turn off machines when leaving the office.
 6. COMPUTER

MS Office (Microsoft Office)

1. MS-Word
2. MS-Excel
3. MS-Power Point
4. MS-Access

1. MS-Word: It is a word processing application and it is an extremely versatile program

that allows you to create both visually exciting documents that can contain drawings, tables,
charts, as well as basic correspondence and reports.

2. MS-Excel: It is a spread sheet application. It can be used to analyze the numerical data. It
is designed to help you record and calculate data.

3. MS-PowerPoint: It is a presentation application that helps you to create interactive, self

running or speaker control visual displays. It makes to give the presentation of photographs,
videos, drawings, text, graphics, and audio clips.
 7. RISK ASSESSMENT
Before starting any work we have to estimate the risk of work and find what prevention
supports to reduce the risk.

How do we perform the risk assessment?

1. Focus for assessment.

2. Identify the activity.
3. Identify the hazards.
4. Identify who is in risk.
5. Evaluate the risk.
6. Record the decision.
7. Preview regularly.

Formula:

Risk level = Hazard severity x likely hood occurrence

Risk Level Hazard Severity

5. Very high Fatal injury
4. High Permanent disability injury
3. Medium Disability injury
2. Low Injury causing time of work
1. Very low First aid

Risk Level Likely hood occurrence

5. Very high Certain
4. High Near certain
3. Medium Very likely
2. Low Frequently
1. Very low Rare

If risk level comes

1 to 15 : Take action as soon as possible.

16 to 22 : Inform to superior and take action.

23 to 25 : Take action immediately.

 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT

In this report we should maintain the following. They are

1. Name of the injured person.

2. Batch number and nature of job.

3. Name of the company.

4. Date and time of accident.

5. Location of accident.

6. Cause of accident.

7. Severity of injury.

8. Site condition at the time of accident.

9. Video clipping.

10. Statement of injured person.

11. Statement of witness.

INDUCTION TRAINING

Safety induction training is conducted to new workers to explain how to do the work
in safe way in which all the new workers are provided ID cards and that are sticker on
hard hat to identify them on site.
 In this training new workers are explained the advantages of safety work and
disadvantages without safety work as well.

JOB PLANNING SAFETY ANALYSIS

Basic steps to follow:

1. Identify and observe the scope of activity.

2. Break down the steps in each activity.

3. Identify all hazards.

4. Mitigate solutions for the identified hazards.

 SITE SAFETY

1. Provide PPE to all employees.

2. Take precautions to avoid the various hazards.

3. Hazardous materials should be handling carefully.

4. Observe all hot and cold work activities.

5. Inspection of checklist.
6. Emergency evacuation.

7. Maintain good housekeeping.

8. Electrical safe work activities.

9. Barricade the area.

10. Placement of signboards.

11. Placement of fire extinguishers.

12. Placement of first aid.

13. Placement of emergency alarm.

14. Follow the safe procedure to bring the safety health and environment on working site.

WORK PERMITS

Work permit: It is a written permission given to the employee regarding any work

from employer.

1) Hot work permit (Welding, Chipping, Grinding, Gas Cutting)

2) Cold work permit (These works are not related with electric, ignition, sparking.

3) Confined space entry permit.

4) Electrical work permit

5) Blanketing work permit.

 6) Close proximity work permit.

Close proximity work permit: If the work is going on nearby high tension wires, we need
the permission from electricity department. That is close proximity work permit.

Lock out and tag out

Any energized that de-energized is called as lockout and tag out.

The process of securing a hazard to eliminate the risk and to provide guarding of
machine.

Examples: electrical hazards (power circuits, welding equipments), Mechanical

hazards.
 ONE DAY ACTIVITY AS A SAFETY OFFICER

1) Check the work permit.

2) Provide PPE to all employees, If necessary provide Special Personnel Protective

Equipments(SPPE)

3) Barricade properly to avoid the potential hazards.

4) Observe all kind of works such as Excavation work, Scaffolding work, Lifting work,
confined space work.

5) Make daily observation report.

6) Inspect the site and take precautions before starting any work.

7) Observe all the workers whether they are using proper PPE and proper clothing.

8) Focus on each and every activity step by step.

 9) If any accidents take place, provide first-aid immediately.

10) Maintain good housekeeping.

11) Keep away all the wastages in designated container.

12) Check the condition of all the instruments, machinery and equipments.

13) If anybody doing unsafe work, warn them and make the violence report.

14) Give TBT as per the work.

15) Analyze the various hazards.

16) Assess the risk.

17) Placement of sign boards around the barricade.

18) Placement of fire extinguishers.

19) Avoid all hazards.

ENVIRONMENT

Provide all facilities to the workers on site to maintain their physical and
psychological comfort.

1. Use the designated containers to keep all the wastages.

2. Create a separate lay out for keeping wastages.

3. Provide good infrastructure.

4. Maintain good housekeeping.

5. Provide parking area for vehicles.

6. Placement of security.

7. Placement of lavatory.

8. Placement of fire extinguishers.

9. Placement of relaxation point.

10. Placement of first aid and site clinic.

11. Placement of emergency alarm.

12. Placement of drinking water (filter water).

13. Provide the evacuation routes in case of emergency.

14. Placement of wash basin.

15. Arrange/provide telephone facility.

CHEMICAL SPLASH

Incase you splash yourself with a chemical.

1. Always wash the affected area with clean water for at least 10 minutes and remove
contaminated clothes.

2. Always use eye wash solution, if eyes are affected by chemicals.

3. Irrigate eyes with water for a minimum of 15 minutes.

4. Always go out into a fresh air and get help immediately.

 WELDING WORK PRECAUTIONS

Welding work activity comes under the hot work.

Before starting the welding work take the following precautions. They are

1. Check hot work permit (which is in pink color).

2. Barricade the area.

3. Place the sign boards.

4. Maintain good housekeeping.

5. Provide SPPE to all employees. (Industrial Safety Helmet, Face shield, Face mask,
gloves, shoes, and apron).

6. Observe non return valve, it controls the flame or sparkling.

7. Observe flash back arrester. It prevents sparking.

8. Cylinders should be in up-right position.

9. Observe hose and regulator.

10. Placement of fire extinguisher.

11. Placement of first aid.

 ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS

1. Check the work permit (Hot work).

2. Barricade the area.

3. Place the sign boards.

4. Provide SPPE.

5. Check the cords, tools, and equipments (They should be respected quarterly and color
coded and maintain in good condition).

6. Cables are free from water/moist.

7. Cables are kept off walk ways and roads.

8. Cords are free from cuts and abrasions. Plugs are the correct type, securely attached
and free from damage.

9. Cables should be kept in a safe location.

10. Unsafe electrical equipments shall be removed from the site and Quaromlined.

11. Placement of fire extinguishers.

12. Placement of first-aid box.

 FIRST-AID

First aid is a temporary medical treatment that is given to the victim or patient before
going to the hospital.

First aider: He is a person who is trained to give first-aid.

First aid needed

When you arrive to site, first locate the site clinic and the nearest telephone numbers
for emergency cases.

In any injury case/cut skin/ bleeding case.

Feels unwell.
Unconsciousness.
Burning.
Internal injury.
Heart failure.
Fracture.
Scalds (Effected by hot oil/vapor).
Chokes (The passage of breathing is blocked).

In these cases we have to give first-aid. If the case is major we have to send for medical
treatment.

CPR