AOG

ASIAN OIL & GAS

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010
GAS POWERS ASIAN GROWTH

DTU DESIGNS ON SEA

BOHAI BREAKTHROUGH

ORDERS SIGNAL BETTER TIMES

EMERSON EXCHANGE

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november/december 2010
AOG
ASIAN OIL & GAS
www.aog-mag.com
Asian Oil & Gas
Atlantic Communications LLC,
1635 W Alabama, Houston,
Texas 77006-4101, USA
Tel: +1 713 529 1616.
Fax: +1 713 831 1778
subscription@aog-mag.com
Asia Pacific Editor:
John Mueller
US tel: (+1) 802 229 5194
jrreports@hotmail.com
Asia Pacific correspondent:
June Jonet
Singapore tel: (+65) 811 26 884
junejonet@thesilverback.com
Design & layout:
Ian McInnes
imcinnes@offshore-engineer.com
Publisher:
Rob Garza
robg@oilonline.com
Editor-in-chief:
David Morgan
dmorgan@offshore-engineer.com
Managing editor:
Jennifer Pallanich
jpallanich@oilonline.com
Published by:
Atlantic Communications LLC,
also publishers of Offshore
Engineer and the web-based
industry news and networking
service OilOnline
(www.oilonline.com)
Repro by:
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Printed by:
RR Donnelly & Sons, Pontiac,
Illinois, USA
Digital edition:
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ASIAN OIL & GAS november/december 2010
VIETNAM Vietgazprom, a JOC of PetroVietnam
and Gazprom Zarubezhneftegaz, has completed
tests on a second objective of the exploratory
well VGP-113-BV-3X in the Bao Vang structure
in block 112. The well, drilled to a depth of
1600m, flowed gas at an estimated 3.7mmsf/d
and condensate at around 2000b/d with no CO2
or H2S. A third objective in VGP-113-BV-3X is
scheduled to be tested.
The Vietgazprom JOC is planning to drill
another exploratory well in the Bao Vang
prospect, VGP-111-BV-4X, to a projected depth
of 1600m.
AUSTRALIA Four wells appraising Apaches
Balnaves-1 discovery in licence WA-356-P
offshore Western Australia have initiated
development planning. Balnaves is an oil
accumulation in a separate reservoir beneath
the large gas reservoirs of the Brunello gas field.
The recent Balnaves-3 appraisal well test
flowed 9076b/d of oil and 13mmcf/d of natural
gas from a 16ft interval. The Balnaves-1
discovery, drilled in 2009 by the Stena Drilling
semisubmersible Stena Clyde as part of a series
of gas exploration and appraisal wells in the
Julimar-Brunello complex, encountered 64ft of
net oil pay at about 10,650ft subsea. Balnaves-2
was a sidetrack from the discovery, and
Balnaves-4 a sidetrack from Balnaves-3.
INDIA NELP IX (New Exploration Licensing
Policy), offering 34 blocks from 10 sedimentary
basins, comprising eight deepwater, seven
shallow water and 19 onshore, covering a
combined land area of 88,800km2 has been
launched.
Nineteen of these blocks are up for tender for
the first time, a total area of 58,336km2. The
permits are open for competitive international
bidding with national oil companies required
to compete on an equal basis. The last date for
bidding is 18 March 2011.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA InterOil reports that
drill stem test #7 at the Antelope-2 horizontal
2A well in the Highlands of PNG flowed gas at
2.5 to 4.5mmcf/d with limited formation water
produced. The condensate-to-gas ratio (CGR)
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
regional update
averaged nearly 26 barrels of condensate per
mmcf/d of gas, an approximate 60% increase over
the 16.5 CGR in DST #1, performed at the top of
the reservoir. DST #7 was conducted over a 355ft
horizontal limestone/dolomite interval with 10%
porosity at a true vertical depth of 7743ft.
The data gathering process has been
completed at the Antelope-2 well and subsequent
horizontal laterals, with reservoir analysis
underway as preparations are made for long
term production.
NEW ZEALAND The Maari field development
has reached a significant milestone with oil
flowing from the Manaia well, an 8km long
borehole targeting the Mangahewa formation of
the Manaia structure, the longest oil well ever
drilled in New Zealand.
PMP38160 and PEP38413 contain the Maari
field and the nearby Manaia oil discovery,
respectively, located in a 100m water depth
about 80km southeast of the Taranaki coast and
40km south of the prolific Maui field.
Wayne Kirk, OMV New Zealand MD, said: We
anticipate its going to take several months of
production to accurately determine recoverable
reserves for Manaia. That information will be
also used to help determine whether we will drill
more wells.
CHINA Primeline Energy has completed an
initial review of the recent LS 35-3-1 exploration
well in East China Sea block 25/34, confirming
a hydrocarbon accumulation in the western
flank of the Lishui Basin. Gas flowed from a low
permeability reservoir, a significant outcome
for development of the deeper gas zones in the
LS 36-1 gas field and the gas potential in the
region in general, part of a rolling development
programme with CNOOC to tie additional
resources into a proposed production facility to
be built at the LS 36-1 gas field 15km away.
RUSSIA The Odoptu field,
part of the Sakhalin-1
project offshore northeastern
Sakhalin Island, has started
production. Operated by
Exxon Neftegas, the field is
expected to contribute about
11 million barrels of oil in
2011. Field development
has involved the drilling
and completion of seven
extended-reach wells,
employing land-based rigs
which drilled horizontally
under the Sea of Okhotsk to the reservoir over
9km offshore.
Development of Odoptu included construction
of a new onshore oil and gas treatment facility
and flowline connection to the existing Chayvo
onshore processing facility.
iii
regional update
BRUNEI Prospects continue
to be generated with an
important find in offshore
block B and positive
developments in both
onshore blocks M and L.
Total E&P Borneo and
partners have made a
significant new gas and
condensate discovery in
block B, an area comprised
of three separate sections
10-50km offshore.
Well ML-5, drilled to
5664mTVD by the jackup
Ensco 108 in a water depth
of 65m, tested at 10mmcf/d of
gas and 220b/d of condensate
from a limited zone at 5350m.
It is the third positive well
in an exploration campaign
started in 2007, targeting the
deep, HP/HT horizons of the
Maharaja Lela structure.
In onshore block M, Tap
Oils Markisa-1 exploration
well encountered oil shows
and a possible 29m oil column
from 1070-1100m in the Ridan
sand formation.
In mostly onshore block L,
AEDs Lempuyang-1 reached
2817m TVD short of the
programmed depth due
to overpressure problems.
Although no samples were
obtained in the five key
target intervals below
2840m, gas and cuttings
shows starting at 1430m and
extending to TD are to be
tested with the likelihood of
an appraisal well should the
outcome prove successful.
The first well in block L,
onshore Lukut-1, was
suspended by operator
Kulczyk Oil Ventures mid-
June pending testing by a
service rig.
Content is copyright protected and provided for personal use only - not for reproduction or retransmission.
iv
RUSSIA Gazprom has recently discovered
a new field in the Kirinsky block, part of the
Sakhalin-3 project. The gas-condensate field
will be developed within the next three years.
Gazprom may invite foreign companies to
participate in the Sakhalin-3 project, reportedly
favouring existing foreign partners in the
Sakhalin-2 project, namely Mitsui, Mitsubishi
and Royal Dutch Shell.
NEW ZEALAND Operator AWE and its Tui joint
venture partners have resumed oil production
from the Pateke-3H well, one of four wells at
the producing Tui oil fields located in offshore
Taranaki Basin PMP 38158 shut in since June
due to artificial lift system problems.
The overhead for the Pateke-3H workover,
accomplished by the semisubmersible Kan
Tan IV, is estimated at $46 million, the cost
increased by an approximate 30% downtime
resulting from severe weather conditions.
INDONESIA Total has signed an agreement
with Pearl Oil to acquire a 15% interest in the
Sebuku licence, located off the southeast coast of
Kalimantan, whereby Pearl will retain 70% and
Inpex 15%. Located 300km south of the Total-
operated Peciko facilities, the licence, which
covers an area of more than 2300km2 with water
depths of 50-200m, contains the Ruby gas field,
planned to come onstream in 2013.
PHILIPPINES Nido Petroleum, operator of
Service Contract 54A, offshore Palawan Island,
the Philippines has achieved Tindalo field flow
rates of up to 9000b/d of oil with an average
water cut of 50% after accomplishing a third acid
soak in Tindalo-1 sidetrack (ST), using a coiled
tubing unit aided by the AHTS support vessel
Pacific Ariki.
Tindalo-1 ST, drilled to 1820mTD, intersected
approximately 180m of reservoir within the top
50m of the oil column, providing some 120m of
near horizontal producing section.
Joanne Williams, Nidos deputy MD said:
We have conducted a conservative stimulation
programme on this well to optimise productivity
and keep water influx to a minimum. The
influx of water following the latest acid soak is
disappointing but we will continue to carefully
monitor the response of the well and conduct
diagnostic testing to determine the source and
any possible remedial action.
VIETNAM The Te Giac Den appraisal well,
TGD-2X, is to be plugged and abandoned.
Although the well, located in block 16-1 within
the Cuu Long Basin, encountered significant
hydrocarbons in a clastics reservoir sequence at
a measured depth of around 4550m, the flow of
oil and gas was sub-commercial.
TGD-2X analysis continues as a decision on
the future of the TGD appraisal area is awaited.
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
NEW ZEALAND
TAG Oil has
acquired 100%
interest in
PMP38156-D,
onshore the
Taranaki Basin,
which contains
the Cardiff gas/
condensate discoveries. The Cardiff structure is
an anticlinal trap with a number of potential pay
zones within the Kapuni Sands formation. The
Cardiff gas/condensate find is situated on trend
and among several sizeable deep gas/condensate
discoveries, including the nearby Kapuni field
the countrys first major onshore discovery and
the Mangahewa and Pohokura gas fields.
PAKISTAN OMV of Austria is to acquire the
oil and gas interests of Petronas International
in Pakistan, including the Mubarak, Mehar
and Daphro exploration licences and the Mehar
and Mubarak development and production
leases. The deal is expected to close this year
and will virtually double OMVs production in
the country. OMV (Pakistan) Exploration is
currently focused on the Middle Indus Region,
with interests in nine blocks, seven exploration
and two development and production licences.
CHINA A Chevron subsidiary has acquired
operating interests in three Chinese exploration
blocks comprising approximately 21,000km2 in
the Pearl River Mouth Basin, taking a 100%
stake in blocks 53-30 and 64-18, and 59.18% in
block 42-05 from Devon Energy China. Chevron
will act as operator during the exploration phase
under a production sharing contract with China
National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). BP
will acquire the remaining 40.82%.
AZERBAIJAN BP and SOCAR have signed a
new production sharing agreement (PSA) for
the exploration and development of the Shafag-
Asiman structure in the Azerbaijan sector of the
Caspian Sea. Under the 30-year PSA, both BP
Exploration (Azerbaijan), operator, and SOCAR
will hold 50% equity. The unexplored 1100km2
block lies 125km to the southeast of Baku,
located in 650-800m of water with reservoir
depth at about 7000m.
AUSTRALIA MEO Australia has recently
been involved in permit holdings transfers
offshore the Northern Territory. NT/P68 in the
Bonaparte Basin, a 5900km2 exploration permit
100% owned by MEO and in year one of a
three-year work programme requiring the
acquisition of 3D seismic, is having a 3700km2
portion offered that contains the Heron gas
discovery.
MEO plans to retain the NT/P68 Blackwood
gas discovery at 100% interest.
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
OE_M_4_OTC_HPH.indd 1 28/1/10 09:10:30

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OE_M_4_Getenergy_HPH.indd 1 For reprints please contact the Publisher. 27/1/10 16:08:55
regional report

BJ SERVICES
Peter Kiernan Roger Knight

Gas drives Asian

offshore sector growth
With its voracious appetite for energy, Asia is fast becoming a key
player on the global oil and gas stage. In the run up to Singapores
OSEA 2010 show, Asian Oil & Gas asked Infield Systems consultant
editor Peter Kiernan and senior research consultant Dr Roger Knight
to discuss the implications for the regions offshore sector and
current capex trends.

N
on-OECD Asian economies will be
the driving force behind Asias energy
consumption growth for the foreseeable
future, with much of this demand growth driven
by the increasing energy needs of the regions
two emerging economic giants, China and India.
This has significant implications for the offshore
oil and gas sector in the broader Asia Pacific
region as operators will be striving to compete to
meet the growing demand for hydrocarbons.
In this regard Australias burgeoning offshore
sector is particularly well-placed to meet the
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vi
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
expected growing demand for natural gas, and
overall, the regions hydrocarbons exporters
will be better placed to supply the region with
natural gas in the form of LNG than with
oil. While the Asia Pacific region hosts a number
of LNG exporters it is facing a growing deficit
in crude oil supply which will likely result in
greater dependency on the Middle East for
petroleum.
Overall, however, Infield expects the offshore
sector in both Asia and Australasia to remain
buoyant in the coming years, with robust levels
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS

of Capex expected at least until 2014. While
imports of hydrocarbons will meet a growing
share of Asias rapidly growing energy needs,
this does not detract from the fact that regional
industry players both national oil companies
and private energy firms including majors and
independents will continue to focus on offshore
oil and gas development in the Asia Pacific
region. The Asian oil and gas market is growing
and offshore investment activity is likely to be
robust over the longer term, the recent economic
downturn notwithstanding.
Recovering quickly
The recovery from the recent global economic
recession has been uneven, with economic
performance in OECD Europe and Japan still
somewhat sluggish compared to developing
non-OECD economies in Asia. Indeed according
to Asian Development Banks (ADB) Asian
development outlook 2010 update, economic
growth in the developing Asian region is
expected to reach 8.2% in 2010. In particular,
ADB expects economic growth in China to reach
9.6% in 2010 and 9.1% in 2011, while in India
the comparable forecast is for 8.5% in 2010 and
8.7% in 2011.
Continued robust economic growth is likely to
contribute to strong oil and gas demand growth
among non-OECD Asian economies; and in the
longer term the gap between consumption of oil
and gas between this region and the developed
OECD world will continue to narrow. Indeed,
developing Asia will require greater volumes of
fossil fuels to meet the demands of accelerated
industrialisation, population growth and the
expansion of a consumer-oriented and affluent
middle class. At the same time India and China
will also seek to increase the share of natural
gas in their respective national energy mix in an
effort reduce dependence on coal.
In the US Energy Information
Administrations (EIA) International energy
outlook 2010 it is forecast that non-OECD Asia
will account for approximately one quarter of the
worlds oil and gas consumption by 2020.
Liquids consumption in the region is expected to
grow from 16.8 million b/d in 2007 to
22.7 million b/d by 2020, with China alone
accounting for two-thirds of this growth, or
4 million b/d, over the same period. Non-OECD
Asian liquids consumption is expected to amount
to 24.6% of total global consumption by then.
Similarly, annual natural gas consumption in
non-OECD Asia is expected to nearly double
between 2007 and 2020, from 10.5tcf to 20.4tcf,
and by then the regions gas consumption is
expected to account for 25.8% of global demand.
Chinas annual gas consumption is forecast
to more than triple over 2007-20, from 2tcf
to 6.3tcf, while Indias demand is expected to
increase from 1.4tcf to 3.9tcf over the same
period. > overleaf
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ASIAN OIL & GAS november/december 2010
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
Pipelines and
platforms dominate
offshore spend
In light of the growing pressure on
operators to supply rapidly increasing
Asian oil and gas consumption, Infield
expects total offshore capex in Asia
to maintain its robust performance
reaching approximately US$79 billion
over the period 2010-14.
Infields latest Offshore Asia
oil and gas update forecasts that
Indonesia, Malaysia, China and
India (in order of spend) will be the
leading offshore spenders in Asia
throughout this period. These states
have traditionally been the leading oil
and gas producers in the region, with
Malaysia and China more recently
making forays into deepwater oil and
gas development and India seeking
to develop deepwater gas reserves.
Meanwhile Chevron Indonesias
projects are expected to headline the
floating production unit market in the
region over the next five years.
According to Infield, offshore capex
in Asia will continue to be dominated
by the fixed platform and pipelines
markets, with these two sectors
accounting for capex of just over
US$63 billion until 2014. Asia is thus
expected to remain the dominant
region of the global fixed platform
market worldwide, both in terms of
capex on the sector and in the number
of additional installations, accounting
for 32% of fixed platform capex
globally in 2010-14.
In fact Asias fixed platform capex is
likely to be double that of its nearest
CONOCOPHILLIPS
Fixed structures continue to dominate
the Asian offshore oil and gas scene.
Pictured are the bridge-linked riser
utilities and wellhead platforms in the
Peng Lai development in Chinas Bohai
Bay.
regional report
regional rival, the Middle East and
Caspian. Infield also forecasts a 39.3%
increase in capex on Asian fixed
platforms for 2010-14 compared to the
previous forecast period (2005-09),
helping to maintain the regions global
dominance of this market segment
throughout the first half of this
decade. A potential significant new
player into the Asian fixed platform
market over the next four years is
expected to be Russias Sakhalin
region.
In capex terms, however, pipelines
represent the largest market segment
of offshore oil and gas expenditure in
Asia, representing no less than 46.9%
of the regions total 2010-14 offshore
oil and gas capex. The forecast capex
on pipelines over the period around
US$37.3 billion is 29.2% up on 2005-
09.
Although Asia is mainly a shallow
water region capex related to
deepwater activity is expected to
steadily increase, especially in the
floating production unit and pipeline
markets. Overall, floating production
capex on projects in water depths
greater than 500m is forecast to
rise to US$1.68 billion over 2010-14,
compared to US$1.18 billon over the
previous five years. Infield anticipates
a new foray into the ultra-deepwater
(greater than 1500m) scene, with
US$140 million forecast to be spent,
most of it in 2014. Major deepwater
projects requiring floating production
systems are focused on Malaysia and
Indonesia.
Pipeline investment activity in Asia
is mainly focused on shallow water
developments, however capex on
deepwater pipeline installations is
forecast to increase rapidly over the
2010-2014 period. Infield expects that
pipeline capex in water depths greater
than 500m during this time will reach
US$4.5 billion, more than double
the level reached during the 2005-09
period.
Offshore Capex in Asia is thus
expected to remain robust throughout
the first half of this decade, and will
be dominated by the fixed platform
and pipelines markets. While
Asias offshore profile continues
to be dominated by shallow water
activity, expenditure on deepwater
developments is expected to show a
noticeable increase over the next four
years compared to previous years.
vii
regional report
Figure 1: Asian oil and gas
production trends since 1970.
SOURCE: BP STATISTICAL REVIEW OF WORLD
ENERGY 2010
Content is copyright protected and provided for personal use only - not for reproduction or retransmission.
viii
Energy deficit
Because of relatively limited regional resources
Asias demand for hydrocarbons will likely
increasingly be met by imports from outside the
region, especially with regards to oil. Although
offshore oil production will continue to dominate
the regions production levels and because
of this the regions deepwater potential will
be increasingly explored and developed it is
unlikely that Asian oil producers will be able to
reverse the expected steep growth in dependence
on imported sources of crude oil.
It is interesting to note that while the
developing economies in the Asian region are
collectively heading towards a consumption
level rivalling North America, current estimates
reveal that Asias top six oil producers Brunei,
China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam
possess just 2.9% of the worlds proven oil
reserves.
But the story for natural gas is somewhat
different. Asia along with neighbouring
Australasia is poised to be at the forefront
of new global natural gas developments
(especially liquefied natural gas LNG) which
will be mainly sourced from offshore and
unconventional (onshore) natural gas reserves
in the broader Asia-Pacific region. As a result
Asias dependence on energy imports from
regions further afield, such as the Middle East,
will likely not be quite as acute for natural gas
as it will be for crude oil. While offshore oil
developments in Asia may play some role in
compensating for oil production declines onshore
such as in China and India the potential for
Asian and Australasian LNG exporters to supply
Asias steadily growing gas market from their
offshore reserves is somewhat greater.
Natural gas has risen in Asias production
profile while oil output has been broadly flat for
the last decade and a half. A result of this has
been the emergence of Asia as the hub of global
LNG trade and will even more so when taking
into account neighbouring Australia in the
coming years as the region hosts a number of
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
LNG exporters (Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei)
as well as steadily growing LNG consumers
such as India and China. Of the top ten global
LNG importers five are in Asia (Japan, Korea,
Taiwan, India and China); but the region
also contains three of the top ten global LNG
exporters (Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei).
The Sakhalin region will also be a crucial source
of LNG for the region, while the impact of
Myanmars offshore gas projects will soon likely
be felt as well. Meanwhile, nearby Australia is
poised to become a major supplier to the Asian
LNG market, with the potential to rival Qatar as
the leading LNG player in the longer term.
As Asian energy demand grows, operators
are seeking oil and gas deposits in deeper
waters. Although overall the Asian region is still
dominated by shallow water activity, offshore
oil and gas discoveries in Asia have been found
in deeper waters since broadly the mid-1990s,
and some of the more significant offshore
developments likely to come onstream over
the next five years are found in deeper waters;
especially in India, China and Malaysia.
Offshore developments
Indias shallow water Deen Dayal West and
Central fields and the deepwater Krishna
Godavari and Dhirubhai regions located off
Indias East Coast in the Bay of Bengal are
beginning to be a major hub of offshore gas
activity in the Asian region. However, the
recently reported withdrawal of international
partners to Indias state-owned Oil & Natural
Gas Corporation (ONGC), Statoil, Petrobras
and BG Group, may cause delays in some field
developments.
Myanmars shallow water Shwe fields, with
total estimated reserves of 5.6bcf, will likely
represent one of the more significant offshore
startups in Asia over the next four years. The
main customer for Shwes gas will be China,
which is jointly constructing with Myanmar
a 2800km pipeline system from the Myanmar
coast into western China; one pipeline will
import the Shwe gas while a parallel line will
import oil from the Middle East to enable
China to diversify its crude oil import routes
away from dependence on the Malacca Straits.
The China National Offshore Oil Corporation,
in co-operation with Canadas Husky Oil, is
also developing the Liwan deepwater offshore
gas field, a major South China Sea field with
reserves of 5tcf.
Malaysias Gumusut/Kakap deepwater oil and
gas field complex, forecast to come onstream
in 2012, has an estimated 1tcf in gas reserves
and 300 million bbls in crude oil reserves. Other
major deepwater projects expected to come
onstream in Malaysia by 2015 include Senangin,
Malikai, Ubah and Kerisi.
Meanwhile, the Chevron-operated fields
offshore East Kalimantan (Ranggas, Gandalo
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
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For reprints please contact the Publisher.
regional report

Maps and more

Figure 2: Asian offshore field
discoveries by size and water
depth.
SOURCE: INFIELD SYSTEMS DATA
and Gehem) are expected to be major deepwater
Indonesian developments.
Further afield the Asian region is also well-
placed to be supplied by Australia, which is
likely to emerge as a major player in the global
natural gas market. This is in no small part
due to the development of offshore natural gas
and (onshore) coal bed methane (CBM) projects,
both of which will be exported in the form of
LNG from existing and newly-constructed
liquefaction terminals to mainly Asian markets.
The vast majority of Australias natural gas
reserves are located offshore in the countrys
north-western and northern regions, in the
Carnavon, Browse and Bonaparte basins. These
three basins collectively contain more than 91%
of Australias offshore natural gas reserves and
will supply major Asian buyers such as Japan,
and increasingly China.
Meanwhile, in the Russian far east, offshore
developments at Sakhalin are another source
of hydrocarbons for the energy-hungry Asian
market, with an LNG export terminal in
operation supplying mainly Japan and with
the Odoptu field from ExxonMobils Sakhalin 1
phase recently coming onstream. As a result the
potential for future associated gas sales in the
broader Asian region has only increased.
The new second edition of Infield Systems
Offshore Asia Pacific ol & gas activity map to 2015
will be launched at the 18th OSEA conference
due to take place 30 November-3 December at
Singapores Suntec complex.
The map will be available free of charge to
all visitors to the companys stand (4F4-06),
reports Infield international sales manager
Steve Adams, who will be attending OSEA
and can be contacted on +44 (0)7773 019 569
(cell) .
Infield, widely acknowledged as the
definitive independent information resource
for the global offshore oil, gas, renewable
energy and associated marine industries, will
also have available its latest market forecast
report for the Asia Pacific region.
As well as providing detailed expenditure
forecasts for deepwater, subsea, floating
production, fixed platforms, pipelines and
control lines, Infields Regional perspectives
Offshore Asia Pacific oil & gas market update
report provides a comprehensive analysis
of market, industry and geopolitical issues
impacting the regions offshore
ffshore oil and gas
markets.

Continued investment focus

Rapid energy demand growth in Asia will drive
continued investment in the regions offshore
oil and gas sector, although operators will have
better success in meeting regional needs for
natural gas than with oil. Asias oil deficit is
likely to continue to increase while the region
will remain a hub of LNG activity as it hosts
many major consumers and (offshore) suppliers.
Asia will also become a destination for offshore
hydrocarbons produced on its periphery, such as
Western Australia and Russias Sakhalin region.
The level of offshore capex forecast by Infield
until 2014 suggests that Asia will continue to be
a major focus for investment activity, especially
for the fixed platform and pipeline markets.
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 A customised service to become a privileged passenger

Vincent Besnault / Zefa / Corbis

You work in the oil and gas industry, then join the Flying Blue Petroleum club, and thanks to your member card, get access to
numerous services and exclusive advantages: priority check-in, Flying Blue Petroleum lounge access at Paris-Charles de Gaulle
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offshore exploration
Abstract
PetroChina has improved
its geological interpretation
accuracy to more reliably
identify and better understand
key reservoir prospects for
drilling new exploration wells
in Bohai Bay, northeastern
China. A research study team,
comprised of PetroChina
geoscientists and Schlumberger
software technology experts,
applied a unique seismic
attribute solution that helped
determine the best locations for
new exploration wells.
The results of this study led to
the maximisation of gas reserves
and the mitigation of risks
associated with offshore drilling
activities.
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xii
Understanding Bohai
Combining spectral decomposition extraction techniques with
multi-attribute classification capabilities proved a powerful aid to
the geological interpretation of the complex Longwangmiao gas
field in northern Bohai Bay. In this article for AOG, Zou Bingfang and
Wu Dongmei of PetroChina and Schlumberger Chinas Dr Jun Zhu
and Lu Guanghui discuss their study teams findings.
B
ecause of the high cost of drilling offshore,
oil & gas companies need increased
knowledge of reservoir characteristics
before determining the optimum location for
an exploration well. Regardless of the number
of wells or reservoir complexity in a given
region, employing an integrated reservoir
characterisation system enables precise
description of the subsurface throughout
exploration and development. Getting the most
from seismic and well data is critical to project
success, as well as cost savings, especially if fully
analyzed and evaluated prior to the start of the
drilling phase.
As many oil & gas exploration and
development projects have encountered, there is
room for improvement in prospect identification,
evaluation and resulting well placement.
Seismic attributes have played a major role
more recently, dramatically changing the way
companies explore and exploit hydrocarbons.
However, it is not always enough to have
traditional seismic attributes for performing
a full analysis of geological formations.
Particularly difficult formations may require
special characterisation methods to extract more
detailed attributes, and in doing so, produce
better mapping of seismic attributes to reservoir
properties.
An example is the discovery of previously
unrevealed reservoir layers during a PetroChina
field study that investigated a target formation
of thin bedded sand layers.
Complex location
PetroChina conducted a thorough reservoir
characterisation study according to a precise
methodology for the Longwangmiao (LWM)
offshore field, a PetroChina Liaohe oilfield
located in northern Bohai Bay. The main
challenge for the study team was ascertaining
where to drill a new well in this complex gas
field that had a depositional environment
consisting of thin bedded sand layers and many
normal faults that divided an anticline into
several fault blocks. Other concerns facing the
team of PetroChina geoscientists were high
costs associated with offshore drilling and
the increased pressure to maximise reserves.
Identifying and placing an exploration well in
the best possible location would help reduce
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
risks while confirming the most viable prospect
and target reservoir in an economical way.
Just one exploration well had been drilled in
the LWM field, encountering small gas shows
from some formation layers. The reservoir
rocks were thin bedded sandstones at depths
between 1800m and 2800m with an average
thickness of 10m. Although the sources of the
sand and hydrocarbon were unclear, most
geologists believed the field was dominated by a
depositional environment of fluvial and deltaic
facies.
While fault-block traps had been found by
performing traditional seismic interpretation of
the field, it was difficult to predict which trap
was best to drill. Using GeoFrame reservoir
characterisation software, the team was able to
combine geological analysis data from the single
available well with the usual types of seismic
attributes. Unfortunately, it was still difficult
to pick out a solid drilling location for a new
proposed well, despite the existence of channels
in the north as indicated by a regular RMS (root
mean square) seismic attribute map.
Interpretation and analysis
During this field study, geoscientists took
advantage of sophisticated seismic interpretation
techniques using SeisClass multi-attribute
classification software for an improved
understanding of potential reservoir targets.
This software, which is fully integrated with
the GeoFrame reservoir characterisation
system, enabled the generation and analysis of
detailed lithofacies class and probability maps
through spectral decomposition extraction and
classification.
The array of functions and multiple
classification algorithms allowed for a more
complete reservoir characterisation, and
because multi-attribute classification software
determines variations in lithology, more accurate
geological interpretations were made possible.
The study team also leveraged the technology
of the GeoFrame Seismic Attribute Toolkit
(SATK), employed to integrate seismic
interpretation and attribute analysis, using
attributes from the spectral decomposition to
characterise many thin sand layers within the
formation of interest. SATK provided a user-
friendly method for performing tasks such as
 offshore exploration

analysing horizon attributes, generating trace

header values, calculating attributes based
in adjacent trace correlations, generating
a variance cube volume from seismic data,
and accessing an XML file to change default
parameter values. This toolkit helped extract the
maximum amount of value from seismic data
by giving more detail on the subtle lithological
variations of the reservoir. By correlating
seismic attributes with geological well data
results in maps, the study team was able to
select well locations that involved less risk and
penetrated a higher percentage of sand in the
reservoir.
During the course of the field study,
PetroChina geoscientists significantly increased
their knowledge of the Liaohe oil field. With the
help of sophisticated reservoir characterisation
and seismic attribute analysis software tools,
more accurate geological data was obtained than
had previously been possible. The additional
data acquired by alternative means enabled
the study team to recognise channels in the
north, as well as the distribution of alluvial
deposits in fault-block structures in the south.
Consequently, geologists were able to confidently
recommend an exploration well to be drilled in
the southern alluvial deposit area of the LWM
field. On acquisition and interpretation of new RMS amplitude attributes map showing the formation of interest, with an indication
3D seismic data in the field adjacent to the north of channels existing in the north.
(sector/area/channels), similar traps were also
detected in the northern part of the structural
zone. The additional data expanded the area to
be considered for new well prospects.
With the aid of more reliable geological maps
to find reservoir prospects, the locations for two
new exploration wells were identified in the
field adjacent to the north, with good oil and
gas shows already discovered in the first well.
During drilling, gas layers with a total thickness
of approximately 100m were discovered, a high
value return on the exploration investment.
Drilling plans for additional wells in the Bohai
Bay field are currently in development.
The reliability of the field study results
was further demonstrated by the fact that
the geological characterisation matched the
actual discovery. The combination of spectral
decomposition extraction techniques with
multi-attribute classification capabilities proved
to be powerful in doing geological interpretation
for the LWM field. Once the new wells start
producing, the processing of seismic data with
these same methods will continue to play
an important role in the field development
planning efforts of PetroChina, improving the
accuracy of geological interpretation, refining
the results of reservoir characterisation and
gaining more confidence in hydrocarbon volume
calculations. The end result is transforming Grid attributes of different frequencies of thin sand layers classified using SeisClass
data into information that can be utilised for software. Channels are indicated in the north and alluvial deposits in the south (red).
better decision-making and overall asset value Drilled well locations (green) represent a mixed lithology where small amounts of gas
maximisation. shows were discovered previously.
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ASIAN OIL & GAS november/december 2010 xiii
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
platform design
Abstract
Dry tree floating platforms
(otherwise known as dry tree units
DTUs) have been applied for many
years with great success in regions
such as the Gulf of Mexico, the
North Sea and West Africa. Deep
draft semisubmersibles (DDSs) and
the extended draft platform (EDP)
are also considered feasible for use
with dry trees but have yet to be
deployed in numbers. As oil and gas
developments continue to extend into
regions of deeper waters and towards
more challenging reservoirs, other
parts of the world, most notably
Southeast Asia, Western Australia,
Brazil and the Arctic regions, are
investigating and some have already
begun using these technologies.
The application of DTUs in
Southeast Asia is relatively new.
In order to maximize the benefits
of DTU capabilities, their designs
must account for the influence of the
regional environmental (metocean)
conditions, the availability of
construction and installation
infrastructure, requirements for local
content in the facility delivery and
specific operating procedures and
infrastructure for key activities such
as drilling.
A paper presented at the
Offshore Asia conference in Kuala
Lumpur earlier this year gave a
wide overview of how regional
considerations influence the design
1
of DTUs . This article focuses and
expands on parameters affecting
DTU designs for the Southeast
Asia region. An overview of the key
design requirements for the region
is presented. Examples of recent
model tests and applications of
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
analysis are presented to show how
they can be used to address specific
design considerations for such
platforms.
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xiv
Designing DTUs for
Southeast Asia
Dry tree unit design considerations for the Southeast Asia region,
and the results of recent model tests and computational fluid
dynamics analysis, are discussed here by Technips Allan Magee,
Kenneth Yeoh Hock Guan and Jaime Tan Hui Choo.
D
TUs include primarily spar platforms and
tension leg platforms (TLPs), which have
or are able to accommodate wellhead
equipment on the host facility rather than on the
seabed, providing direct access to the reservoir.
DTUs are well suited for developments in
regions with water depths from less than 300m
up to more than 2500m and are field proven
solutions that are often more economical than
subsea or wet tree developments. Deep draft
semisubmersibles (DDSs) and the extended draft
platform (EDP) are also considered feasible for
use with dry trees.
A spar (Figure 1) is commonly a large-
diameter vertical cylinder supporting a topsides
and a system of risers with a deep draft which
produces favourable low motion response. In
particular, the deep draft reduces the vertical
component of wave exciting force and increases
the heave natural period beyond the range of
wave periods, thus reducing heave motions as
far as necessary to assure excellent performance
in the given environment for which it is
designed. The low centre of gravity and high
centre of buoyancy give rise to inherent stability
of the spar. It is moored by groups of mooring
lines anchored to the seabed which allow the
spar to be moved horizontally with respect to
the wellheads on the seafloor for drilling and
workover operations. There are three types of
1
spars in use today: truss, classic and cell .
Most TLPs (Figure 2) have four-column hulls
interconnected by pontoons at the keel and are
moored by axially stiff vertical tendons to the
1
seabed. Other types of TLPs have also been used .
The relatively large topsides deck area
available as a result of the hull column
configuration, is potentially capable of
reducing the overall height of the topside. This
arrangement is advantageous, particularly when
used in combination with tender assisted drilling
(TAD).
The DDSS and EDP (Figure 3) have
four-column hulls similar to a conventional
semisubmersible and low motion response
comparable to a spar. Well-established semi-taut
system components can be applied for the DDSS
and EDP moorings. From the construction and
installation perspective, an EDP may be built
at relatively shallow locations due to smaller
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
Figure 1. Murphy Kikeh spar hull under
construction at MMHE fabrication yard.
fabrication and tow-out draft requirements.
Having the deck built at quay level reduces
the need for heavy lift cranes as the topsides
modules may be skidded out, giving wider
flexibility for selecting regional fabrication sites.
Neither offshore mating nor floatover operations
are required as the topsides can be completed
and commissioned at quayside. Once deployed
at the site, the legs are extended to provide
the vertical clearance (airgap) and low motions
required for offshore operations using dry tree
risers.
The first DTU, ConocoPhillips Hutton TLP,
was installed in the UK North Sea in 1984. The
first DTU installation in the US Gulf of Mexico
was the ConocoPhillips Jolliet TLP in 1989.
Subsequently 13 spars and nine TLPs have
been installed in the Gulf of Mexico making that
region the main centre of DTU development
with the total number of DTUs here exceeding
all other parts of the world, added together. The
North Sea has three TLPs installed, West Africa
four, and in Southeast Asia to date Malaysia has
one spar (Murphy Kikeh) and Indonesia has one
TLP (Chevron West Seno). A large majority of
these use dry tree completions.
DTUs can offer important advantages over
wet tree solutions, primarily as a result of
their ability to provide direct access to the
platform wells from the host facility. This direct
access enables the operator to drill, adjust,
maintain and repair the wells, as required by
production considerations. This, in turn, enables
the application of more complex completions
and downhole equipment (by minimizing the
consequence of equipment failure through

reduced repair and replacement times) and can
ultimately lead to increased reservoir recovery,
primarily by allowing more cost-effective well
intervention to extend useful production life and
by reducing well shut-in times.
Dry tree completions also offer important
benefits in flow assurance by minimizing
pressure loss due to friction and heat loss to
the seawater in the riser section. The relatively
direct vertical path from the reservoir to the
surface facility also acts to minimize slugging
effects, offering process advantages at the
facility in terms of receiving vessel size and
process system efficiency.
Many drilling options are available using
the DTU. A dedicated mobile offshore drilling
unit (MODU) can be used to predrill a certain
number of wells or the DTU can be offset to
allow MODU drilling. Full drilling capabilities
can be obtained using the DTU as a drilling
platform for a marginal cost increase compared
to a production-only platform. The low motions
and excellent station-keeping of DTUs offer
drilling capabilities comparable to or even
exceeding most MODUs.
Due to their unique design characteristics, the
motions envelopes of DTUs are lower than for
barges, shipshape FPSOs or conventional semis.
The question is: How small is small enough?
and this is mainly a function of regional factors.
From a motions perspective, the key challenge
for the DTU designer is in assuring the response
envelopes of the host platform will be sufficiently
small to satisfy both strength and fatigue life
requirements of the hull, topsides, mooring and
riser systems while maximizing useful payload
and reducing costs.
In practice, accurate motions predictions are
achieved through a combination of feedback from
field data, and correlation between model tests
and numerical analysis. The challenge going
forward is to maintain and expand the existing
knowledge base, while taking into account the
important regional design influences, together
with robust fabrication-friendly design practices.
This will assure suitable designs, thus allowing
the many advantages of DTUs to be extended
further beyond their well-established regions.
SEA regional considerations
Environmental conditions The Southeast
Asia deepwater offshore region, principally
Malaysia and offshore Borneo in the South
China Sea, has a relatively mild wave
environment with moderately long wave
periods. There are significant currents driven by
seasonal weather patterns not aligned with local
storm environments.
This relatively benign environment has
the following positive impact on DTU hull
design relative to other regions with harsher
environments such as the Gulf of Mexico and the
North Sea:
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platform design
z smaller hull freeboard, typically 35ft; Figure 2. TLP during towout in
z shorter hull draft and length; US Gulf of Mexico.
z lighter hull weight;
z lower motions that benefit hull, risers,
tensioner stroke, and topsides design;
z continuous production in 100-year storm
conditions;
z smaller mooring system and lighter tendons;
and
z top tension risers which can be directly tied to
the hull (Chevron West Seno) or tied with short
stroke tensioners (Murphy Kikeh).
Site geological characteristics need to be
carefully studied in determining the suitable
foundation for DTU mooring systems and in
some extreme cases the DTU floater type.
Suction and driven anchor piles may be used
for tendons of TLPs and other DTU mooring
systems where the seabed condition permits
them. In relatively poor soil conditions, gravity
based foundations may provide a viable solution.
The primary deciding factor on the type of
foundation is very often the costs of installation.
This benign environment does not extend
to the neighbouring Western Australia region
where extreme cyclonic storms and unfavourable
seabed conditions are known to exist.
Midstream infrastructure In Southeast
Asia there is generally no seafloor pipeline
infrastructure readily available and thus
production export from DTUs has been made
to FPSOs or to other fixed platforms. This is
an important factor to be accounted for in field
developments here.
The choice of the export/import riser system
has an influence on the DTU mooring layout and
design. A catenary riser system has minimal
effect on the spar mooring system, since it Figure 3. EDP conceptualised by
imposes small horizontal load. However, a Technip.
xv
platform design

a very favourable and practical solution, since

Figure 4. West Setia TAD vessel
deployed for drilling on Murphy
Kikeh spar.
Content is copyright protected and provided for personal use only - not for reproduction or retransmission.
xvi
mid-water transfer system, between the spar
platform and another vessel, such as that used
for the Kikeh field development, imposes a high
horizontal load due to relative motions between
the two platforms and has to be balanced with
the spars mooring lines. The spar provides
flexibility to use either export/import riser
systems. A mid-water transfer system connected
to a TLP would require a permanent lateral
mooring system on the TLP to resist the high
horizontal load. Flexible jumpers, used as export
lines on the West Seno TLP may help reduce
permanent lateral loading,
Operational and installation philosophies
Conventional DTUs with large topsides usually
are designed with full production and dedicated
drilling facilities. In benign environments
however, there is an option for smaller DTUs
where drilling is carried out by third-party
drilling vessels. The topsides weight is
significantly reduced when this is the case since
most of the drilling related payload is located on
the drilling vessel.
In this region, high-specification mobile
offshore drilling units (MODUs) for drilling
and subsea workover are rarely present and
mobilisation of such vessels is costly. This
implies that DTUs with drilling facilities may
remain a viable option unless other third-
party drilling facilities besides the MODUs are
available.
Drilling with tender-assisted drilling vessels
has proven to be economical option in DTU
developments as TAD vessels are available in
the Southeast Asia region and may be employed
for drilling and workover. This was the case for
both DTUs installed in this region. The Murphy
Kikeh development has deployed the West Setia
TAD (Figure 4) and the West Seno TLP used
the West Alliance TAD. Drilling with TAD is
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
Southeast Asian reservoirs often require high
riser counts and multiple well interventions to
maintain peak production rates. After the initial
drilling, the drilling vessel can be recalled for
workover when needed without any penalty to
the payload requirements of the DTU.
The low motion response of the DTU helps
to make the TAD operations feasible with high
uptime. Since the DTU typically has remarkably
low motions in order to accommodate riser
systems well, the emphasis of the design needs
to focus mainly on the coupled TAD operations
that may be the governing conditions.
At the initial design stage the DTU platform
has to be specifically configured to work with the
TAD vessel. The main criterion is that the drill
deck elevation must be compatible with the TAD
crane for transferring the drilling equipment set
(DES) from the TAD vessel to DTU. This would
generally result in a two-level topsides as is
the case for the Kikeh spar. The DTU mooring
design must account for the coupling with the
TADs mooring and a system on the DTU to
connect the lashing lines between the DTU and
TAD must be in place. For TLPs, this requires
additional lateral moorings to be added to the
platform to resist the forces from the TAD/DTU
lashings. Since the distance between the TAD
and DTU during drilling operations is short,
flexible nylon lashing lines are required to limit
the loads in the lashing lines. The stiffness
requirement of these lines dictates the lines to
be longer than the distance between the two
vessels. The length requirement is achieved by
routing the lashing lines down the length of the
Spar using turning sheaves and anchoring on
4
the spar hull . A similar suitable arrangement
is needed on the TLP and various solutions
allowing sufficiently flexible lashings have been
implemented in West Africa.
The gap between TAD and DTU must remain
close enough to allow personnel transfer using
the gangway, yet not too close to risk collision
of the vessels. In addition, the lashing tensions
must be maintained in a range to prevent
either slack lines, with potential snapback
loads, or over-tensioning of the lashings which
could damage or even break the lashing lines.
If the relative motions become too large or
unpredictable, the operations crew will have
to suspend drilling operations and pull back
to a safe distance to wait for better weather
conditions.
Due to these tight constraints required
by the close operational spacing of the TAD
with DTU, a thorough understanding of the
factors influencing the vessel relative motions
is required to assure safe operations and to
achieve expected operational uptime. Technip
is currently performing multi-body interaction
model tests and benchmarking of computational
fluid dynamics analysis for a TAD/TLP system
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
Converteam, the power conversion company, provides customised solutions and systems
converting electrical energy into productive performance. Our scope covers consulting,
design, manufacture, system integration, installation, commissioning and a broad range of
services.

For more information visit Converteam at OSEA:

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platform design
Figure 5. Topsides installation
by floatover for Murphy Kikeh
spar.
Figure 6. CFD analysis output.
Content is copyright protected and provided for personal use only - not for reproduction or retransmission.
xviii
in current and waves. This is further described
below.
Coupling through lashing lines with the DTU
may also increase lateral accelerations of the
DTU resulting in significantly downgraded
rig capacity, thereby reducing the efficiency
of drilling operations and increasing drilling
downtime. Next generation TAD units may
consider dynamic positioning to increase uptime
and limit the impact of TAD drilling option to
DTU designs. If dynamically positioned TAD is
considered, careful design of the station-keeping
control systems will be needed to assure safe
operations and avoid drive-offs in weather
windows similar to existing installation vessels.
One interesting opportunity for TLPs in this
region is in the potential for self-installing
tendons. Tendon self installation from the TLP
may not be cost-effective in many regions. This
is because increased column spacing would
be required to maintain stability during the
installation phase. With the high deck elevation
required in severe environment regions, a
significant cost increase could be expected if the
additional loads required for tendon installation
were placed on the deck, resulting in significant
over-design of the TLP. In Southeast Asia,
however, since the deck height is reduced
compared to other regions, the impact of tendon
self installation will be less significant, as
column spacing may be driven more by deck area
requirements than by stability. In addition, the
lower deck height of the TLP, which is driven
by TAD operational requirements would allow
using the TAD deck crane to assist the TLP for
tendon self installation. Thus deployed, the TAD
could simply remain on site for the subsequent
drilling operations.
Traditionally topsides are installed on
DTUs by heavy lift, except in cases where the
topsides are too large and heavy to be lifted
when the floatover method is used. In some
cases, floatover has became the most economic
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
solution resulting in a shorter schedule for
installation than a multiple lift modularized
topsides. Quayside installation for topsides is
usually preferred since it is lower on costs and
risks. Offshore lifts however have been opted in
many DTUs whereb the optimised hulls are not
designed with sufficient stability for quayside
installation. The lack of availability of heavylift
derrick barges in the Southeast Asia region
provides a key driver for the topsides to be
installed using the floatover method
(Figure 5). The benign environment, except
during monsoon season, further lends itself to
floatover at the platform site, with sufficient
3
installation windows available most of the year .
All DTU applications in this region to date
have applied minimum platform facilities, ie
wellhead-only DTUs in combination with FPSO
facilities. An opportunity exists to combine the
functions of both vessels, in a single classic spar
including storage, thus reducing complexity
from two vessels in the field to one. The Shell
Brent spar, which operated successfully in the
North Sea and was recently decommissioned,
included storage. While this would result in a
larger spar with larger topsides compared to a
simple wellhead DTU, the resulting platform
would likely be similar in size to existing Gulf
of Mexico spars and the reduced complexity of
avoiding separate mooring systems and fluid
transfer lines between wellhead and processing/
storage platforms could well prove economical
for both capex and opex. In addition, it is
possible that the next generation of TAD vessel
in the region may be configured to support
taller platforms, due to the potential emerging
market in neighbouring Western Australia, thus
accommodating larger topsides with full process
facilities.
Country-specific requirements To boost
the economy and to create more employment
opportunities, it has become policy of
governments to require high local content in
project executions in Southeast Asian countries.
Fabrication of a DTU hull and topsides are often
completed in one of the fabrication yards in the
particular country. The existing fabrication
method used for the spar can be adapted for
use in a shipyard or general-purpose offshore
fabrication yard without the requirement for
previous spar fabrication experience and without
major yard upgrades. This approach was
demonstrated with the Kikeh spar. However,
any limitations with the local fabrication yard
facilities, including quay bulkhead height and
tidal variations, must be considered when
configuring the hull and selecting the loadout
configuration and transportation vessel.
Most offshore facilities experience in this
region rests on fixed jacket platforms in
relatively shallow water. For TLPs, considerable
technical experience is needed to handle critical
structural components such as tendons and
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
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platform design
Figure 7. Model scale tests at
Marine Laboratory, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia.
References
1. Regional considerations in the
design and delivery of dry tree
floating platforms. S Barras, A
Sablok, A Magee and K Yeoh
Hock Guan. Offshore Asia 2010
Conference, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
2. The Kikeh spar and tender
assist drilling. H Haslum,
T Eilertsen, A Sablok, A Tahar,
J Wan, M Chew. Offshore
Asia 2006 Conference, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
3. Spar topside floatover
installation structural design
and analysis. M Luo, L Chen
and D Edelson. Deep Offshore
Technology Conference 2007.
4. Design and installation
aspects of the Kikeh TAD/
spar lashing system. J Wan,
D Edelsen, L Chabot. 2010
International Conference on
Offshore Mechanics & Arctic
Engineering, Shanghai, China.
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xx
tendon porches as well as in the installation of
tendons. Thus, outside expertise must generally
be relocated temporarily into the region to carry
out deepwater developments. This may impose
a burden on contractors without sufficient local
infrastructure to carry out advanced deepwater
projects.
R&D initiatives
While performance principles for individual
floating structures in waves are well understood,
multi-floating body interaction in current and
waves continues to be an area of research for the
deepwater industry. Two-floater interactions,
as shown in Figure 4, will become increasingly
common for developments in Southeast Asia and
other regions. However, such applications are
still relatively new and limited model tests and
full-scale data is available.
Model test data for a spar +TAD vessel have
shown that the horizontal relative motions
between TAD and DTU are highly dependent on
2
current . It is believed that the relative motions
may be affected by unsteady shed vortices in
the wake of the upstream body influencing
the motions of the downstream body. The
phenomenon is similar to the case of two risers
in a stream, wherein for a certain separation
range, the upstream risers drag increases and
the downstream riser is shielded. This tends to
decrease the mean gap. At the same time, the
unsteady wake from upstream body increases
the dynamics of the downstream body. Due to
coupling, the relative motions of the two bodies
are increased.
Existing numerical models for multi-floater
interactions, based on potential flow, account
for wave diffraction effects, but neglect the
viscous wake effects, which must be treated
separately, often using semi-empirical methods
or model tests which may not be available for
some configurations. Thus, the design of coupled
mooring and risers systems together with the
floaters themselves requires a new approach
that accounts for this interaction behaviour
to produce safer and more reliable system
performance.
Inline with this, Technip has embarked on
research initiatives involving computational
fluid dynamics analysis and model-scale
laboratory tests to assess interactions for
a TAD+TLP system in current and waves.
Consistent with aspirations for technology
transfer and improving local capabilities, this
work is being carried out by Technips recently
formed offshore facilities product line &
technology department in Malaysia.
Improved software including integrated
meshing, coupled with gains in computing
power now available from low-cost computing
clusters based on improved PC hardware,
have dramatically improved reliability and
cost-efficiency. Due to these gains, CFD has
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
become the preferred analysis tool for many
applications.
CFD is a numerical analysis technique to
solve the complex mathematical equations
governing fluid flow, including the wake.
Previously limited to internal flows, recent
developments have improved the ability to model
the air/water surface including interactions of
the fluids and multiple floating structures in
motion including the wake (Figure 6). Using
numerical models based on CFD, designers can
now take into account the viscous wake effects
left out of simplified potential flow solutions,
while retaining the important effects of surface
waves, together with the coupled moorings.
The results will improve the reliability of the
designs before they reach the field, reducing
downtime and minimizing field adjustments
once mandatory for such complex systems.
Despite improvements in the reliability
of numerical models, model-scale laboratory
tests are nevertheless still necessary for
benchmarking CFD analysis. Currently
Technip Malaysia is performing model tests at
the Marine Laboratory Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (Figure 7).
In this research work, the phenomenon of
vortex-induced motions is being investigated
and its possible adverse effects accounted for
in the design of future DTUs floaters. The
results of the model test data will be used for
benchmarking the CFD.
As results of the research become available,
the design of risers and coupled mooring for
DTUs with TAD vessel will be made more robust
and reliable, by properly accounting for multiple
vessel interactions.
Conclusions
Dry tree completions are field proven solutions
that have carried out successful production in
numerous deepwater oil and gas developments
around the world. There are many advantages
to DTU application for field developments in
deepwater hydrocarbon basins in Southeast
Asia. Various factors influence the selection and
design of DTUs in this region and these must be
carefully considered to allow successful project
execution. The primary factors to be considered
are:
z water depth;
z environmental conditions;
z existing midstream infrastructure;
z operational and installation infrastructure;
and
z local content requirements including
fabrication.
There is a strong potential of installing small
DTUs with third-party drilling in this region.
Two-body interactions have become increasingly
common in deepwater development and are to be
well understood for better design of floaters and
coupled mooring and risers systems.
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
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shipyards
Floating production
Teekay Petrojarl Production
is to have Jurong Shipyard
convert the Aframax tanker
Arc II to an FPSO vessel, to
be named Petrojarl Cidade de
Itajai, for $268 million. The
FPSO, chartered to Petrobras
on delivery in 1Q 2012, will
be capable of processing
80,000b/d of oil, 70mmscf/d
of gas, injecting 100,000b/d
of water and storing 650,000
barrels of oil.
SBM Offshore has named
the P57, an FPSO converted
from the 255,270dwt tanker
MT Accord at Keppel
Shipyard in Singapore and
subsequently completed
with topsides modules and
commissioned at BrasFels
yard in Angra do Reis, Brazil.
When deployed offshore
Brazil for Petrobras, the
311m long vessel will be able
to process180,000b/d of oil,
compress 70mmcf/d of gas
and store 1.6 million barrels.
Semcorp Marine has
secured two more floating
production vessel contracts
worth a combined $57
million. BW Offshore has
awarded Sembawang
Shipyard a contract to
convert the 97,000dwt tanker
BW Genie into a floating
production unit (FPU).
Workscope includes detailed
engineering and fabrication,
the installation of new power
generation plants, boilers,
and eight owner-furnished
topside modules.
On completion in 4Q 2011,
the FPU will be 12-point
moored in the Terang-
Sirasun-Batur field, eastern
Indonesia, about 100km north
of Bali.
Bluewater Energy Services
is having Sembawang
Shipyard refurbish the
FPSO Glas Dowr, performing
repairs and 10-year life
extension, and upgrading
that includes the internal
turret mooring and transfer
and production systems.
Delivery is expected in
2Q 2011 for deployment in the
Kitan field in the Timor Sea.
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xxii
Signs of
a pickup
Although regional shipyard activity is still dominated by completion
of backlogged awards, recent major newbuild orders and increased
yard investment may be the harbinger of an improving market for
offshore oil & gas sector vessels. John Mueller reports.
T
he market for jackups has taken a
significant turn for the better with eight
newbuild orders recently booked, six drilling
units, four for Sembcorp Marine subsidiary
yards in Singapore and two for Middle East
builder Lamprell, plus two for wind turbine
installation in the North Sea, one of which
serves the dual role of oil field development
assist.
In addition, two more deepwater drillships are
to come out of Chinese shipyards.
Moreover, floating production has also
received a boost with three new tanker-to-FPSO
vessel conversions to be accomplished by yards
in Singapore.
Construction vessel newbuild activity is also
on an up-trend with four more to be fabricated
by Drydocks World in Indonesia and an
advanced deepwater construction vessel to be
built for Heerema in Korea.
On the shipyard front, Keppel Corporation,
through subsidiary Keppel Philippines Marine
(KPMI), is raising its shareholdings in two
associated companies, Subic Shipyard &
Engineering (SSEI) and Consort Land (CLI) to
boost its near market, near customer strategy
in the Philippines.
SSEI, located on Subic Bay (pictured above),
100km northwest of Manila, provides regional
repair, conversion and building services as
well steel fabrication for marine and offshore
structures. CLI owns 72ha of land including the
20ha on which SSEI is situated. Keppel will pay
approximately $65 million in cash, increasing
its stakes from 44% to 83.9% in SSEI and from
33.7% to 38.7% in CLI.
In the area of ship innovation, Hyundai Heavy
Industries (HHI), Maersk Tankers and Det
Norske Veritas are collaborating on the design
and risk assessment of tankers for shipping CO2.
Furthermore, a next generation of liquefied CO2
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
carriers under development by HHI and Maersk
is targeted for the market by 2015 to transport
CO2 resulting from electricity generation, as
exemplified by the Finncap Project in Finland
where this process will capture power plant CO2
for storage in North Sea wells.
This technology could help facilitate
development of CO2 rich gas fields, such as the
yet to be developed huge Indonesian Natuna
Alpha D Block gas resource in the South China
Sea.
Jackups
Seadrill has entered into a $400 million
agreement with Jurong Shipyard to construct
two Friede & Goldman JU2000E design jackup
drilling rigs, suited to worldwide operations,
able to operate in water depths up to 400ft and
drill to 30,000ft and offer improved drilling
efficiencies with off-line pipe handling and
simultaneous operations support as well as
increased accommodation.
The jackups are to be delivered in 4Q 2012
and 1Q 2013 respectively. Seadrill also has
option agreements with Jurong Shipyard for
construction of a further four newbuld jackups.
Atwood Oceanics Pacific, an Atwood Oceanics
subsidiary, has ordered two newbuild jackup
drilling rigs from PPL Shipyard, a Sembcorp
Marine subsidiary, on a turnkey basis for
$384 million, with options for another three
jackups. The rigs, scheduled for delivery in
3Q and 4Q 2012, are of PPL Pacific Class 400
design, capable of operating in 400ft water
depths with offline handling features and
accommodation for 150.
MENAdrill Investment, a venture of
Bahrain-based First Energy Bank, has had
the hull of MENAdrill Hercules II launched by
Sharjah-based Maritime Industrial Services,
the second Friede & Goldman Super M2 design
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS

jackup drilling rig the yard is constructing
for MENAdrill. MENAdrill Hercules I and
MENAdrill Hercules II, scheduled for completion
in 2010 for operations in the Middle East, Africa
and Southeast Asia, will be capable of drilling to
30,000ft in water depths of up to 300ft.
First Energy Bank, as project sponsor, has
signed a management agreement with Hercules
Offshore Arabia, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Hercules Offshore.
Seafox Group has entered into a joint venture
and construction agreement with Keppel Fels
in Singapore for the Seafox 5 (pictured below), a
self-propelled MSEP (multipurpose
self-elevating platform) jackup scheduled for
mid-2012 delivery.
The ship-shaped vessel, costing $220 million,
is specifically designed for year-round oil & gas
platform and wind farm work in the southern
and central North Sea in 65-75m water depths.
Managed by Workfox, the DP2 rig will have an
installation capacity of 1200t, free deck area of
more than 3500m2, accommodation for
150 personnel and a 6500t variable deck load.
Semisubmersibles
Saipem has taken delivery of the sixth
generation DP3 semisubmersible drilling rig
Scarabeo 9 from CIMC Raffles, constructed at its
yard in Yantai, China. The Frigstad D90 design
semi, rated to drill in water depths up 12,000ft,
will have the marine and drilling systems
commissioned by Keppel Fels in Singapore.
Atwood Oceanics has named its newbuild
semisubmersible Atwood Condor, on schedule
for delivery from Jurong Shipyard in Singapore
mid-2012. The DP capable semi is designed
to drill in 10,000ft water depths and will be
outfitted with a six-ram blowout preventer,
high-torque top drive providing one million
pound rotating hook load, low-emissions engines,
efficient pipe-handling, subsea tree-running
equipment and accommodations for 200.
China Oilfield Services (COSL) has had the
deck module of its newbuild DP3 GM4000 design
semisubmersible drilling rig COSLInnovator
assembled and lowered onto the hull by builder
CIMC Raffles using the 20,000t capacity Taisun
crane at its shipyard in Yantai.
Ensco has named its newbuild
semisubmersible drilling rig ENSCO 8503, the
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ASIAN OIL & GAS november/december 2010
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
shipyards
fourth of seven proprietary design 8500 series
such vessels to be constructed by Keppel Fels in
Singapore for the drilling contractor. The rig is
on schedule for completion and operations in the
Gulf of Mexico for Cobalt International Energy
in early 2011. The semis, costing over $3 billion
for the seven rig fleet, have the capability to
drill to 35,000ft in water depths up to 8500ft,
upgradeable to 10,000ft. Support vessels
Ensco is also to have its semisubmersible Heerema Marine Contractors
drilling rig ENSCO 7500 upgraded, repaired has signed with Daewoo
and refurbished by Keppel Fels in Singapore Shipbuilding & Marine
after fulfilling its drilling contract with Chevron Engineering of South Korea
offshore Western Australia. for a newbuild deepwater
Sevan Marine has had the 13.4m by 24.5m construction vessel at an
hull block module of its cylindrical ultra estimated cost of $6-700 million.
deepwater semisubmersible drilling rig Sevan The 210m long self-
Driller II launched at COSCO Nantong Shipyard propelled rapid transit DP3
in China. mono hull will be fitted with
a Huisman pipelay tower
Drillships for J-lay (tension capacity of
Dalian Deepwater Development has had a steel 2000t) and reeling, a 4000t lift
cutting ceremony for Chinas first deepwater capacity revolving crane plus
drillship, Dalian Developer, at COSCO Dalian lowering equipment rated
Shipyard. The drillship is to be completed for a water depth of 3500m. It
3Q 2012 at an estimated cost of $500 million. will have a 4500t pipe payload
The harsh environment vessel will measure capacity.
955ft in length by 165ft in width and be Tidewater has contracted
capable of drilling to 39,000ft in water depths Drydocks World to construct
up to 10,000ft. The DP3 drillship will also four 265ft long deepwater
have a separate production moonpool and be platform supply vessels (PSV)
upgradeable for enhanced well intervention, at its shipyard on Batam
extended well testing and early field production Island, Indonesia for around
with a 1 million bbl storage capacity. $100 million. Delivery of the
Noble Corporation has ordered a second ultra- UT 755CDL design 3200dwt
deepwater Globetrotter-class drillship from STX PSVs will happen in 2012.
Heavy Industries and Huisman Equipment. The Leighton Offshore has
Noble Globetrotter II will also be constructed re-launched its upgraded
in two phases. The hull of the $550 million rig crane barge Mynx,
will be built at STXs state-of-the-art facility in constructed in 2006, to
Dalian, China, then delivered to the Netherlands bring the vessel into full
where Huisman will oversee installation and compliance with the ISPS
commissioning of topside equipment. (International Ship & Port
Work is expected to start on this second unit Facility Security) code and,
in 2H 2013 and on Noble Globetrotter I in late among other improvements,
2011, both units to work for Shell under 10-year include a 400t capacity
terms at dayrates of $410,000 for the first five Manitowoc crawler crane.
years. The vessel is mobilising to
The 620ft long DP3 Noble Globetrotter II northwest India to undertake
will utilise Huismans multi-purpose tower work associated with the
design, capable of conducting drilling operations Mangala pipeline project for
to upwards of 40,000ft and pipe assembly Cairn Energy India.
simultaneously. Multraship, a Netherlands
Pride International has dedicated it latest salvage specialist, has
newbuild drillship, the Deep Ocean Clarion, built been handed its newbuild
by Samsung Heavy Industries in South Korea. ASD 3213 tug Multratug
The vessel, able to drill in a 12,000ft water 3, constructed by Damen
depth and scheduled for deployment to the Gulf Vinashin Shipyard in
of Mexico in 1Q 2011 for BP, is the second in a Haiphong, Vietnam, a newly
four drillship construction programme. It will be established facility, a JV of
followed by the Deep Ocean Mendocino, delivery Netherlands-based Damen
expected 1Q 2011, and the Deep Ocean Molokai, Shipyard and Vietnam
to be completed 4Q 2011. Shipbuilding Industry Group.
xxiii
company focus

Oil field innovations

Emerson Process Management has introduced a range of new
products and concepts which the company believes will be of
significant benefit to both the upstream and downstream sectors
of the oil & gas industry. John Mueller reports.

T
he 2010 Emerson Global Users Exchange,
held this year in San Antonio, Texas,
attracted over 2300 attendees from
47 countries, showcasing many user applications
of Emerson solutions, embodying information,
expertise and knowledge for and from a broad
range of industrial automation professions.
The Exchange involved users participating in
over 300 short courses and workshops, as well
as industry and technology forums, product
roadmaps and meet the expert sessions.
The five-day event was marked by a series
of product launches and the handing over of
company reins to Steven Sonnenberg, taking
over as president of Emerson from John Berra,
who has retired after 40 years with the firm.
Also featured was an interactive technology
exhibit, the largest to date, utilising over
60,000ft2 of space containing 23 Emerson
technology and service exhibits that included
such well recognised measurement divisions as
Daniel, Fisher, Micro Motion, and Rosemount, Pointing out that Emerson is about 60% tied
DeltaV process system solutions and Roxar, to energy, with 39% of revenue in 2009 coming
its recently acquired oil & gas reservoir from the oil & gas sector, Sonnenberg (pictured
management specialist. far right) observed: With increasing demand
The hall also housed over 40 related process for energy, the need for extending reserves and
industry, Emerson division and Emerson allied production plays to our technologies. He also
member booths. noted, with regard to geographical industry
Among the many technologies demonstrated drivers: About two-thirds of our business is
were digital bus, smart field transmitters, valve outside of the US. And Asia just surpassed
and valve automation solutions, wired and Europe as the number two region. Rosemount
wireless, and PlantWeb IA architecture. was in China very early, only a few years after

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xxiv november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
 company focus

the Cultural Revolution. We are also very well Drivers for this change include the fact that Upstream focus
positioned in emerging markets, such as our discoveries are increasingly in remote locations, Products from the various
work with Petrobras in Brazil, in the Middle technical in nature, in need of performance Emerson divisions are
East, and LNG is very big in Australia. improvements and face key skill shortages. employed in virtually all
Enabling technologies identified included aspects of the petroleum
Human Centered Design high-bandwidth communication, large data industry, with flow
One crucial aspect of Emerson business strategy storage capacities, quality video conferencing, measurement particularly
given emphasis was Human Centered Design new sensor technologies and new analytical directed toward the upstream
(HCD), a major focal point to assist customers tools. Other important technology mentioned oil & gas segment, within
to do their jobs better, particularly important was Wi-Fi (for wireless fidelity) networking, which Roxar and Remote
in the face decreasing numbers of experienced modeling, predictive analytics, video chat and Automation Solutions have
and expert personnel. HCD technology can collaboration tools. especial relevance.
embed existing knowledge and eliminate Roxar, a provider of
work processes and facilitate usability in New products products and associated
the development of new products. HCD, as Several new products were unveiled. The services for reservoir
specifically defined by Emerson, is an approach latest process automation system offering management and production
to interactive systems development that aims of DeltaV, Version 11, also introduced its optimisation, was a notable
to make systems usable and useful by y focusing
g electronic marshalling g concept, which, according acquisition in that it brought
on the users, their needs and d requirements, potential to eliminate
to Emerson, has the pote to Emerson corrosion,
and by applying human factors/ergonomics
ors/ergonomics and thousands of hours of lanlanding I/O (input/ permanent downhole flow
usability knowledge and techniques.
hniques. es. connections,
output) device connection
connect achieved with parameter monitoring
A product of HCD initiative instrument
ve is innstrument CHARacterization
CHARacter iza Modules, or solutions and reservoir
Device Dashboards, screens which h provide CHARMs. Th This I/O On Demand is interpretation, modeling and
improved data display usabilitylity for
foor plant simplify
mpl engineering and
said to sim simulation knowhow. These
workers. accommodates
accom mm last minute infrastructure and geological
changes
chaang without problems. formation data intensive
Intelligent oil field DeltaV
Dellta v11 additionally recording and analysis
The Oil & Gas Industry Forum um incorporates
incoorp HCD capability. areas are domains Emerson
examined the Intelligent oil field Emerson also rolled out
Em hopes to enhance through
of the future where the biggest
gest AMS
AMMS (Assembly Management future takeovers. Roxar
challenges to improved discovery
overy Solution)
Soluuti software application is also distinguished by a
rates were seen as residing Asset
Asse et PPerformance removal and retrieval system
in gathering and integratingg Management
Man nag (APM), permitting a ROV to remove
quality data. A digital oil developed
d eveelop with Meridium, a and replace faulty subsea
field is needed with operators,
rs, leader
lead er in APM software for sensors without interruption
partners and service companies
nies asset-intensive
asse t-i industries, to oil and gas production.
taking advantage of improveded data a that nowno combines predictive At the beginning of the year
and knowledge managementt and intelligence
intel llig with asset Emerson opened its US flow
enhanced analytical tools, real-time
eal-timme reliability
relia
abil information and testing and demonstration
systems and more efficient busine
businessss decision
decissio support for improved facility, a 136,000ft2 $30 million
processes. business
businnes decisions. installation.

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ASIAN OIL & GAS november/december 2010 xxv
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OE_M_4_OTC_HPH.indd 1 28/1/10 09:10:30

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For reprints please contact the Publisher.

AOG
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xxviii
company roundup
WOODSIDE ENERGY
xi
xxv
xxi
xvii
v modeling of LNG process, drilling riser analysis,
xxvi
vix
xxiv
xvii GROUT FILL FoundOcean has won the offshore
ii grouting contract for the North Rankin B
(NRB) platform installation, Western Australia,
xix
through Heerema Marine Contractors Australia.
xvii Each of the four corner legs of the 150m tall
NRB jacket are to be secured to the seabed
in a water depth of 125m by 16 primary piles
arranged in clusters of four, to be driven through
jacket pile sleeves, grout to be placed in the pile/
sleeve annulus. The piles will be inserted to a
depth of 306m below sea level into drilled holes
182m deep and 2.5m in diameter.
The project is to recover remaining low
pressure gas from the North Rankin and
Perseus gas fields. The NRB platform will be
connected by two 100m bridges to Woodsides
existing Rankin A platform (above).
CABLE BRIDGE Halcyon Offshore has acquired
Cables International from SGX-listed King Wan
Corporation and Cables management for
$23 million. Cables will become Halcyon
Offshores fourth business unit, Offshore
Electrical & Controls (OEC), which will supply
and distribute specialty cables to the offshore,
marine and mining sectors.
SINGAPORE SMART Sigma Offshore
developer of the Smart Mooring System (SMS),
a cost-efficient solution for FPSOs and other
vessels requiring both mooring and fluid
loading and unloading in medium to deepwater
depths has opened a new office in Singapore,
complementing offices in Houston, Oslo, and its
headquarters in Aberdeen.
PYE SLICE Harris Pye Singapore has been
granted a second five-year maintenance and
repair contract by an unidentified major refiner
covering four main power boilers at a refinery
in Singapore, including plants on Jurong Island
and all the companys boilers in the region.
NOBLE CAUSE GL Noble Denton has opened
a new office in Perth, Australia to provide
marine assurance and warranty, rig moving,
naval architecture services, design verification,
risk and safety, transportation and installation
consulting, due diligence, dynamic positioning
november/december 2010 ASIAN OIL & GAS
For reprints please contact the Publisher.
and marine casualty investigation across
Australia.
The Perth team will be supported by other
regional and global offices with specific
capabilities, such as asset integrity management
and analysis of production performance, as
well as the capability of the entire LNG supply
chain. First projects are focusing on reliability
and various rig moves including mooring
analysis and provision of a client marine
representation.
GL Noble Denton sees a significant number
of large developments in the North West Shelf
region and Queensland, amounting to more than
$170 billion capital expenditure for projects at
front-end engineering stages that are all aiming
to start production in the next four or five years.
LNG TRADE Total has signed an agreement
with Santos and Petronas to acquire a 20%
interest in the GLNG project in Australia for
$750 million. Santos and Petronas will transfer
15% and 5% respectively to Total, subject to the
approval of the Australian Foreign Investment
Review Board.
Upon deal completion Santos, as operator, will
hold 45% and Petronas 35%.
Total will join the entire integrated LNG
chain, supplied by coal seam gas (CSG) fields in
Queensland, eastern Australia, to a dedicated
7.2 million t/y gas liquefaction plant in
Gladstone on the east coast of Australia.
Total is committed to offtake 1.5 million t/y
of LNG, depending on the result of ongoing
discussions between the GLNG participants
and several Asian buyers. The project will
extract CSG from the Fairview, Arcadia, Roma
and Scotia fields, located in the Bowen-Surat
Basin, estimated to have over 9tcf of gas, to be
transported at a rate of 900mmcf/d through over
400km of pipeline to GLNG facilities.
Startup forecast for the first train is 2014.
FORTUNE GROWS Fortune Oil, a Hong Kong
headquartered company focused on investments
and operations in oil & gas supply and
infrastructure projects in China, is to acquire
65% of the share capital of three subsidiaries
of Everthriving Investment, a privately owned
Chinese LNG and natural gas business for
$23 million. The three businesses are: Beijing
Everthriving Energy Technology, specialising
in diesel oil to LNG dual fuel conversion
technology; Jinzhou Everthriving Logistics, LNG
supply; and Jilin Everthriving Carbon Dioxide
Plastic Technology, engaged in natural gas
processing.
MAC ACQUISITION Oil States is set to acquire
all ordinary shares of The MAC, provider
of remote accommodations for the natural
resources industry in Australia, for $640 million.