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Abstract The benefit of hybrid mobile communication net- for network planning, the scenarios are based on data rates
works combining point-to-point and point-to-multipoint systems necessary for transmitting the requested services. In this case,
should be an optimized transfer of data for both providers and those scenarios are considered where potential DVB-H users
customers. Optimized network planning is a non-trivial task even
for a single network. Hence, planning and optimization of hybrid demand typical broadcast content in the form of video data.
networks implicate great challenges. For these issues realistic In this work, the main aspect is to compare the required
traffic estimations are required. Therefore, a scenario has been capacity of a single unicast network and the capacity of a
developed based on the public reference scenario of Berlin from hybrid network providing unicast and broadcast technologies.
the IST-MOMENTUM project. A method for designing a DVB-H
For our investigations on hybrid network architectures we
network architecture including transmitter position and cell size
is introduced. Furthermore, the necessary transmitting power is initially assume ideal propagation of DVB-H signals. There-
estimated. The benefit of a hybrid network is introduced and fore, circular broadcast cells are used for estimating their
shown in an example. position and size. In order to estimate the necessary transmit-
ting power of each DVB-H transmitter, a propagation model
I. I NTRODUCTION is applied to adjust the predicted coverage to the assumed
The multimedia service demand of mobile users increases circular area. The developed DVB-H network architecture is
more and more. Many of these services will be asymmetric then used to evaluate the benefit for a UMTS network in terms
and interactive, whereas users receive large amounts of data. of unloading UMTS cells.
Therefore, mobile broadband access using interactive channels This paper is organized as follows: Section II describes a
has to be supplied. scenario which is used for evaluating user data rates. Section
Concerning 3G cellular networks, limitation problems still III specifies how to determine size and position of DVB-
occur, if many users are consuming high data rate services H cells. Section IV describes a method on how to evaluate
such as video. Especially the transmission of the same data the necessary transmitting power and shows the predicted
which is consumed by many users at the same time and at a coverage area of the selected DVB-H network. Section V
similar place would allocate a significant amount of resources. shows the benefits for a UMTS network by introducing a
Broadcast systems would then be more suitable to serve these broadcast DVB-H network.
users. Broadcast networks provide broadband access serving
many users simultaneously but do not support interactivity. II. S CENARIO FOR H YBRID N ETWORKS
The combination of unicast (bidirectional point-to-point)
and broadcast (unidirectional point-to-multipoint) networks to For optimized network design information of user behavior,
form a hybrid network could provide both broadband access geographical distribution of users and data rates of each
to many users and individual interactive channels. In this offered service are required. The IST-MOMENTUM project
paper, we are focusing on hybrid mobile communication provides a public reference scenario of Berlin [3]. The scenario
networks, including unicast and broadcast delivery systems, data include characterization of services, user activity and
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and user distribution, and operational environments for a UMTS
DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld), respectively. reference network. Furthermore, an enhanced scenario has
DVB-H is a broadcast system based on DVB-T (Digital been defined describing user distribution and user behavior
Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial). It is optimized for small for DVB-H services. The following passages give a short
devices such as mobile phones by using time slicing for less description of these scenarios.
power consumption and an additional forward error correction
A. UMTS Scenario of Berlin
(FEC) providing more robust signals [1], [2].
In this paper, for the DVB-H broadcast system a cellular The MOMENTUM public reference scenario of Berlin
approach is applied, whereas the cell coverage may range provides several grid maps for the city center of Berlin
from localized areas to vast regional networks. The herein with a resolution of 50 m x 50 m per pixel in an area of
described method shall give a first approach to automatic 7.5 km x 7.5 km. Information is given per selected services
network planning for hybrid networks. Primarily, DVB-H cells such as speech and video telephony, web-browsing, streaming
are to be placed in an area of a realistic scenario. After multimedia, location based services, multimedia services, e-
this, transmitting power according to transmitter height has mail and file download [4]. For each service, average load
to be estimated. Since capacity is one of the key parameters (AL) and busy hour call attempts (BHCA) per pixel are given.
UMTS Cells (MaxServer Prediction) Operational Environments Nightscene Scenario
14
12
Fig. 1: UMTS Cells Determined with a Best-Server Prediction and Fig. 2: Operational Environment Map for the Nightscene Scenario
a Node-B Base Station Structure (Size of Area 7.5 km x 7.5 km)
65
Cell 2
Cell 1
EIRP [dBm]
60
Cell 5
55
Cell 3
50
45
40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Transmitter Height [m]
algorithm is based on a propagation model which estimates the is based on land use classes defining different parameters for
path loss to achieve a realistic coverage. For each DVB-H cell the propagation model. An omni-directional broadcast antenna
power estimation for different antenna heights (10 m-200 m in type was selected. For each DVB-H transmitter several path
10 m steps) was made. loss predictions were made according to the selected antenna
heights.
A. DVB-H Parameters
C. Adapting Transmitting Power
A configuration of the DVB-H system and of a mobile
terminal for DVB-H reception has to be assumed to determine In order to estimate the necessary transmitting power for a
the coverage area. According to [11] the following setting was selected DVB-H cell with the appropriate radius an algorithm
used. An 8 MHz channel at a carrier frequency of 500 MHz was implemented which minimizes the difference between
was selected. The DVB-H reference receiver model with a the predicted coverage and the assumed ideal circular cell.
16-QAM modulation with code rate 2/3 was used. This method starts with a minimum power and calculates the
A noise floor power level at the 8 MHz channel of Pn = coverage area for mobile reception specified in Section IV-
100.2 dBm is assumed. In [11] a minimum carrier-to-noise A. Two error values are defined which describe the oversize
ratio of C/Nmin = 18.1 dB and a 3 dB noise margin (N) outside and the not covered part inside the circular cell. The
are specified for the selected modulation type. An antenna transmitting power will be increased in 1 dB steps until full
gain for the mobile device of Ga = 9.65 dBi at 500 MHz coverage for the circle is reached. Afterwards, that power level
is interpolated from given values. The antenna gain includes will be selected which minimizes both deviances. The inside
body loss and frequency deviation. In order to achieve a 99 % deviance is weighted stronger in order to reach an almost full
reliability, a fading margin of F = 20.64 dB was included, coverage of the circular areas.
Figure 4 shows the estimated power for each of the five
assuming a standard deviation for fading losses of 8 dB. A
DVB-H transmitters of the Nightscene scenario depending on
GSM reject filter is assumed which yields to an additional
the transmitter height.
attenuation of LGSM = 1 dB.
Using Equation 5, these values lead to a minimum receiving D. DVB-H Network Configuration
power level of Pmin = 47.81 dBm. This value will be used The necessary transmitting power for each DVB-H cell was
to determine the coverage area and EIRP for each transmitter determined for several antenna heights in the range of 10 m
of the DVB-H network. to 200 m. Due to the above mentioned lack of building data,
Pmin = Pn + C/Nmin + N Ga + F + LGSM (5) accurate height information for roof-top antenna installations
was not available. Instead, equal transmitter heights of 30 m
It is to remark that all DVB-H specific values taken from for all DVB-H cells were used.
[11] should be considered as preliminary and may change Table I shows a summary of significant parameters for all
during the specification process. DVB-H cells of the achieved DVB-H network. Figure 5 shows
the coverage area including the SFN gain of the DVB-H
B. Propagation Model network configuration specified in Table I.
The COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami propagation model [12] The OFDM mode should be selected according to the
was selected to estimate the coverage area. It is verified for desired cell sizes and the maximum allowed speed of mobile
800 to 2000 MHz and cell radii up to 5 km. It is assumed users. The 2K mode is suitable for small cells (up to 17 km
that this model is also valid for 500 MHz. In [13] it is shown using a guard interval of 1/4) and allows extremely high
that according to this model measurements and predictions fit speed reception, whereas 8K mode allows larger cell sizes
best for antenna heights above 100 m. For a more realistic (up to 67 km) with considerably less maximum speed. Due
prediction in urban areas building data should have to be in- to small DVB-H cells selected for the Nightscene scenario,
cluded. However, currently no building data are available at the the 2K mode should be preferred allowing high speed mobile
public reference scenario of Berlin. Therefore, the prediction reception.
TABLE I: DVB-H Cell Parameters of the Nightscene Scenario DVB-H channels are broadcasted to serve users. High unload-
Cell ID Radius Hybrid Gain EIRP Antenna Height
ing values are achieved at cells with high broadcast traffic and
[m] [dBm] [m]
large number of users which are served by broadcast.
1 750 2.1427 53.11 30 VI. C ONCLUSION
2 750 1.8162 52.11 30 A first approach for an automatic network planning method
3 1000 1.6470 56.61 30 of hybrid mobile communication networks combining a uni-
4 1000 1.3934 54.61 30 cast (UMTS) and a broadcast (DVB-H) network was shown.
5 1000 1.3443 55.61 30 An example scenario which is based on the public reference
scenario of Berlin from the IST-MOMENTUM project was
used to prove the applicability of this method to estimate
Coverage Area of DVBH Network including SFN Gain
position, size and transmitting power of each cell of the DVB-
50
H network. The results show that a hybrid network brings
40 benefit to unload the unicast network by providing identical
30 content to many users at the same time instead of separate