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QuantumMechanics
ProblemswiththeRutherfordModel
Electronsarenegativelycharged.
Thenucleusispositivelycharged.
Theelectronsareattractedtothenucleus.
Theonlywaytokeeptheelectronsfromcollapsing
intothenucleusisforthemtoorbitaroundlike
planetsaroundthesun.
Sowhatistheproblem?
Whenchargedparticleslikeelectronsare
accelerated,theygiveoffenergyintheformof
electromagneticradiation.
Thisishowradioswork.Inaradiotransmitter,
electronsbouncebackandforthontheantenna.As
aresult,theygiveoffradiowaves,electronsmoving
inacircleareacceleratedandtheyshouldgiveoff
energy.Asaresulttheyshouldslowdown.
1_Quantumintro_Rutherford,Bohr,Bunsen,Kirchoff,ElectromagneticSpectrum.notebook
Theelectronsshouldbedrawnintothenucleus.
Intheplanetarymodelofanatom,theelectronshould
emitenergyandspirallyfallonthenucleus.
Butthisdoesnothappen.
ADanishscientistnamedNielsBohrsuggestedan
improvementonRutherford'sTheory.
HeusedtheworkofBunsenandKirchoffwhohad
studiedthelightemittedbyenergizedgases.
1_Quantumintro_Rutherford,Bohr,Bunsen,Kirchoff,ElectromagneticSpectrum.notebook
Whenyoupassthelightfromalightbulb
throughaprism,yougetthisspectrum.
Amnemonictorememberthecoloursofthe
spectrum.
Thisspectrumisknownasacontinuousspectrum.
Onecolourfadesintothenext.
Thewavesofthevariouscolourshavedifferent
frequencies.
Theshortestwavelengthshavethehighest
frequency.
Thestandardwaveequation:v=
1_Quantumintro_Rutherford,Bohr,Bunsen,Kirchoff,ElectromagneticSpectrum.notebook
Text p.140#14&15
p.146#1618,21
p.151#76