Audel Rios Alvarez

Integumentary System: Lab Report

Introduction
The Integumentary System is the organ system that protects the body from many
different types of damage. The integumentary system consists of skin, hair, nails,
glands, and nerves. In our Anatomy and Physiology class we have been focusing more
on the inner layers of the skin, such as the Stratum Corneum, Epidermis, Dermis,
Subcutaneous Layer, and the Hypodermis. We have also been focusing on the glands
and hair follicles. We have mapped our Homunculus to see how they look like. We have
poked each other with a protractor to measure our sensitivity level from our sense
receptors.We did an Iodine experiment in which we put Iodine on a region of hairless
skin to see which areas are more prone to sweating. We have mainly been focusing on
where everything is in the Integumentary System.

Figure 1(A)

In this picture, we examined the inner

working that are inside the Epidermis and
Dermis layers. The first thing that you see
with the human eye are your hair follicles
and the Stratum Corneum. Sweat gland
aren't visible, but you can feel the
substance the comes out when you
sweat. The hairless parts of your skin,
especially your hands sweat the most.
The nerves in the skin can be called
sense receptors. The skin is elastic, it
makes a mirror image of the object, which
makes us feel the size, texture, and
shape of the object.(Esther P
Gardner,2010). The nerves are
connected to our brain, which lets us feel
pain if our body is in danger or in an
uncomfortable situation. All the cells in
the skin, function and collaborate with
each other to protect us from damage by
giving us a heads up when coming into
contact with something.
Figure 1(B)

In this picture, we examined what is

inside our skin. The visible area that we
all see is the Stratum Corneum. The next
layer is called the Epidermis. The sweat
gland ducts are attached to the Epidermis
and in between the the Epidermis and
Dermis. The Hypodermis is the lowest
layer of the skin layers.

Figure 1(C)

In this picture, we see the Dermis which is

the one of the layers after the Stratum
Corneum. The Stratum Basale is the layer
that wraps around the Dermis. The
Stratum Spinosum is the next layer which
cover a vast area. The Stratum
Granulosum is the next layer, which is
then followed by the Stratum Lucidum.
This are the thick layers of the Epidermis.
Figure 2(A)

In this picture, we have the results of the

Iodine experiment that we did in order to
find out which areas of the body sweat
the most. The class put Iodine to a
hairless region of our arm and hand. We
let the Iodine dry on the applied area.
After the applied area has dried, we taped
a 1cm by 1cm piece of paper on the area.
We left the taped paper there for a couple
of minutes then took the paper off. We
then observed the paper through a
microscope.

The results of the experiment was that the

palm of the hand sweats more than the
arm. The experiment showed that certain
regions have more or better working
sweat glands compared to other areas of
the body.
Figure 3(A)

In this experiment, we pressed our palms

against a tongue compressor for a couple
of minutes. After we stopped compressing
our palms, we examined that the area
was white and that the blood was trying
its hardest to go back into place. We
compressed our palms harder and for a
longer period of time and we saw that it
takes longer for blood to flow back into
place the longer you compress that area.

In the second part of the experiment, we

used a protractor to do the 2 point
experiment, which Figure 3(B) goes into
further detail.

Results of the second experiment are

shown in Figure 4(A).
Figure 3(B)

In this experiment, we took our

protractors and measured the sensitive
two points of each of the categories
starting with the scalp. We had to wear
blindfolds, but most of us just closed our
eyes during the experiment. We poked
each other until we can only sense one
point instead of two points. After you
sensed only one pointed we measured it
on a ruler then finally recorded our
results.

The purpose of the experiment was to

determine the density of our touch
receptors in various parts of our bodies.
The human skin has many different sense
receptors that can be different from others
when a cross-section of our skin is placed
under a microscope.
Figure 4(A)

In this simulation, we looked at our results

from the experiment on Figure 3(B). We
plugged in our measurements from the
table into the simulation to find out how
much each area is sensitive. The larger
the area the more sensitive that area is.
The smaller the area the less sensitive
you are.

Simulation Results:
My head is somewhat sensitive (30mm).
My torso are fairly sensitive (15mm).
My arms are are fairly sensitive (15mm).
My hands are extremely sensitive
(3.75mm)
My legs are somewhat sensitive (30mm).
My feet are extremely sensitive (3.75mm).

(Homunculus Mapper,2017)
Figure 5(A)

In this picture, we read an article called

Lost in the Desert. The article was
basically about a 35 year old man named
Mark that got lost in a desert. Mark was
very dehydrated and had many medical
conditions when paramedics found him.
Temperature Details:
Air Temperature- 105F
Humidity- 5%
Body Temperature- 105
Medical Conditions:
First Degree Burns
Blood Pressure- 70/50, Low
Water Loss- 7-8%
Burns on chest and back
Heat Stroke- Weak, Nauseous, and
Headaches
High Heart Rate- Very fast, but weak
Melanin- Mole
Has High Vitamin D because of the suns
rays